Type union not matched starting from TS 5.1

[WGroenestein]

🔎 Search Terms

"5.1", "type union"

🕗 Version & Regression Information

• This changed between versions 5.0 and 5.1 (based on playground version selection)

⏯ Playground Link

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play/?ts=5.5.0-beta#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-bLsOLHkk-NLo3Lwwrw9p2UNhNFsL9QkMoAAbZhhvzYZNgVMZRU0mr1Rqq9WahoAZl1qJ9fONMFNQpFlpwtvtjudz1dvmwHq9+t9Bb8kbBw5jzxlhfjhcTheLpeqflHQfRoej09Ocdj4aXfhXfjXaaSmezecnRZTl6ErnoQA

💻 Code

enum MyEnum {
	A = 1,
	B = 2
}

type TypeA = {
	kind: MyEnum.A;
	id?: number;
};

type TypeB = {
	kind: MyEnum.B;
}
& (
	{
		id?: undefined;
	}
	|
	{
		id: number;
	}
);

type MyType = TypeA | TypeB;

function Something(a: MyType): void {}

Something({ kind: MyEnum.A });
Something({ kind: MyEnum.B });
Something({ kind: MyEnum.A, id: undefined });
Something({ kind: MyEnum.A, id: 1 });
Something({ kind: MyEnum.B, id: undefined });
Something({ kind: MyEnum.B, id: 1 });

function Indirect(kind: MyEnum, id?: number): void {
	Something({
		kind,
		id
	});
}

function Indirect2(kind: MyEnum, id?: number): void {
	switch (kind) {
		case MyEnum.A:
		case MyEnum.B:
			Something({
				kind,
				id
			});
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}
}

function Indirect3(kind: MyEnum, id?: number): void {
	switch (kind) {
		case MyEnum.A:
			Something({
				kind,
				id
			});
			break;

		case MyEnum.B:
			Something({
				kind,
				id
			});
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}
}

🙁 Actual behavior

Indirect and Indirect2 report an error, while Indirect3 does not even though the call signature is identical (there is just an extra type check)

Argument of type '{ kind: MyEnum; id: number | undefined; }' is not assignable to parameter of type 'MyType'.
  Types of property 'kind' are incompatible.
    Type 'MyEnum' is not assignable to type 'MyEnum.A'.(2345)

🙂 Expected behavior

All 3 versions of Indirect behave the same and produce no errors

Additional information about the issue

We are currently on 4.9 and are preparing to migrate to 5.5 once it goes GA.
In our codebase TypeB has some additional required fields when id is a numer, hence the union.

I did observe that a simpler call signature (using only the discriminator) also fails in 4.9 and 5.0

Something({ kind });

[RyanCavanaugh]

Why isn't TypeB written this way?

type TypeB = {
	kind: MyEnum.B;
} & ({ id?: number | undefined; });

[WGroenestein]

Why isn't TypeB written this way?

type TypeB = {
	kind: MyEnum.B;
} & ({ id?: number | undefined; });

As mentioned above, in the real world example were we encounter this, the "id: number" type branch can have additional fields. While when not providing an id (or undefined), you should not provide these. E.g.

type TypeB = {
	kind: MyEnum.B;
}
& (
	{
		id?: undefined;
	}
	|
	{
		id: number;
		commentId? number;
	}
);

[fatcerberus]

You can’t actually prevent a commentId from appearing in the id?: undefined case without exact types - see #12936

[RyanCavanaugh]

Bisects to #53709

[ahejlsberg]

Yeah, there's an issue here. This is a simplified repro:

type Foo = { kind: "a" | "b", value: number } | { kind: "a", value: undefined } | { kind: "b", value: undefined };

function test(obj: { kind: "a" | "b", value: number | undefined }) {
	let x1: Foo = obj;  // Ok
	let x2: Foo = { kind: obj.kind, value: obj.value };  // Error, but shouldn't be
}

Above, our type discrimination logic reduces type Foo to just { kind: "a" | "b", value: number } because it is the only constituent of the union to which the type of obj.kind is assignable. This unidirectional assignability check is a little too selective. We should really be checking whether there is any overlap between the discriminant type in the object literal and the discriminant type in the target--in other words, the "a" | "b" type from the object literal shouldn't eliminate the "a" and "b" choices in the target. It's a pretty simple fix. I'll put up a PR.