get a JSON list of all currently open tabs from your android device

Reference

Install Android command line tools on PC

Enable USB debugging on Android device

On the PC execute adb forward tcp:9222 localabstract:chrome_devtools_remote

Chrome instances expose access to a debugging protocol via a unix domain socket with the abstract address "chrome_devtools_remote"

Read about abstract namespaces and addresses

Executing the adb command listed above will forward requests to port 9222, on to that socket.

You can get a list of all the unix domain sockets on the Android device by typing adb shell cat /proc/net/unix

The debugging protocol exposes JSON data about the chrome instance over HTTP.

A JSON file listing the open tabs can be retrieved by executing wget -O tabs.json https://localhost:9222/json/list

View all endpoints of the API

Enabling USB debugging

Overview of remote debugging in Chrome

lmmx's wiki for android-open-tabs-export via chrome debug console