if prerotate return error, the log is not dumped and the log package will be renamed

[banjiuqingshan]

And we will lose the previous log

[cgzones]

This is indeed the current behavior.
The loss of the previous log file in your examples is caused by overriding the log file via dd(1), otherwise it would have been preserved.
I am not sure what the historic reason is to rotate the old logs first, then run the prerotate script and then rotate the current log file; and I am also not sure if we should reorder it now.
Probably we could improve the documentation about this behavior:

logrotate/logrotate.8.in

Lines 667 to 668 in be6a263

	the second argument to the \fBpostrotate\fR script. If the scripts exit with
	error, the remaining actions will not be executed for the affected log only.

[banjiuqingshan]

The original log will not be changed. I mean that logs that have been rotated will be renamed and overwritten, similar to test.log.3.gz, which will be renamed to test.log.4.gz, and then lost. In fact, all historical logs will be lost after several more executions. Can we reorder them or resume operations on the logs after the execution fails

[banjiuqingshan]

The issue has been resolved by fd1892e.