Fix inconsistency between exct and nothrow effect (JuliaLang#52853)

Fixes JuliaLang#52846. Different unreachability checks use different definitions
for this and were inconsistenct, causing the assertion.

Since the exct modeling isn't fully plubmed through all corners of the
compiler yet, also change the caller code to force the nothrow effect to
be authoritative for the time being.

base/compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl

@@ -2119,8 +2119,14 @@ function abstract_call_known(interp::AbstractInterpreter, @nospecialize(f),
  abstract_call_gf_by_type(interp, f, ArgInfo(nothing, T), si, atype, sv, max_methods)
  end
  pT = typevar_tfunc(𝕃ᵢ, n, lb_var, ub_var)
- effects = builtin_effects(𝕃ᵢ, Core._typevar, Any[n, lb_var, ub_var], pT)
- return CallMeta(pT, Any, effects, call.info)
+ typevar_argtypes = Any[n, lb_var, ub_var]
+ effects = builtin_effects(𝕃ᵢ, Core._typevar, typevar_argtypes, pT)
+ if effects.nothrow
+ exct = Union{}
+ else
+ exct = builtin_exct(𝕃ᵢ, Core._typevar, typevar_argtypes, pT)
+ end
+ return CallMeta(pT, exct, effects, call.info)
  elseif f === UnionAll
  call = abstract_call_gf_by_type(interp, f, ArgInfo(nothing, Any[Const(UnionAll), Any, Any]), si, Tuple{Type{UnionAll}, Any, Any}, sv, max_methods)
  return abstract_call_unionall(interp, argtypes, call)
@@ -3288,10 +3294,12 @@ function typeinf_local(interp::AbstractInterpreter, frame::InferenceState)
  # Process non control-flow statements
  (; changes, rt, exct) = abstract_eval_basic_statement(interp,
  stmt, currstate, frame)
- if exct !== Union{}
- update_exc_bestguess!(interp, exct, frame)
- end
  if !has_curr_ssaflag(frame, IR_FLAG_NOTHROW)
+ if exct !== Union{}
+ update_exc_bestguess!(interp, exct, frame)
+ # TODO: assert that these conditions match. For now, we assume the `nothrow` flag
+ # to be correct, but allow the exct to be an over-approximation.
+ end
  propagate_to_error_handler!(currstate, frame, 𝕃ᵢ)
  end
  if rt === Bottom