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name: Draft PDF | ||
on: | ||
push: | ||
paths: | ||
- paper/paper.md | ||
- paper/paper.bib | ||
- paper/*.png | ||
- .github/workflows/draft-pdf.yml | ||
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jobs: | ||
paper: | ||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest | ||
name: Paper Draft | ||
steps: | ||
- name: Checkout | ||
uses: actions/checkout@v4 | ||
- name: Build draft PDF | ||
uses: openjournals/openjournals-draft-action@master | ||
with: | ||
journal: joss | ||
# This should be the path to the paper within your repo. | ||
paper-path: paper/paper.md | ||
- name: Upload | ||
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 | ||
with: | ||
name: paper | ||
# This is the output path where Pandoc will write the compiled | ||
# PDF. Note, this should be the same directory as the input | ||
# paper.md | ||
path: paper/paper.pdf |
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--- | ||
title: 'dust_extinction: Interstellar Dust Extinction Models' | ||
tags: | ||
- Python | ||
- astronomy | ||
- milky way | ||
- magellanic clouds | ||
- dust | ||
- extinction | ||
- interstellar | ||
authors: | ||
- name: Karl D. Gordon | ||
orcid: 0000-0001-5340-6774 | ||
affiliation: 1 | ||
affiliations: | ||
- name: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA | ||
index: 1 | ||
date: 22 May 2024 | ||
bibliography: paper.bib | ||
--- | ||
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# Summary | ||
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Extinction describes the effects of dust on observations of single star due to | ||
the dust along the line-of-sight to a star removiong flux by absorbing photons | ||
and scattering photons out of the line-of-sight. The wavelength dependence of | ||
dust extinction (also know as extinction curves) provides fundamental | ||
information about the size, composition, and shape of interstellar dust grain. | ||
In general, models giving the wavelength dependence of extinction are used to | ||
model or correct the effects of dust on observations. This python astropy | ||
affiliated package [@Astropy22] provides many of the published extinction models | ||
in one place with a consistent interface. | ||
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# Statement of need | ||
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Many observational and theoretical based extinction curves have been presented | ||
in the literature. Having one python package providing these models ensures | ||
that they are straightforward to use and used within their valid wavelength | ||
and parameter (where appropriate) ranges. | ||
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The types of extinction models supported are Averages, Parameter Averages, Grain | ||
Models, and Shapes. The Averages are averages of a set of measured extinction | ||
curves and examples are shown in Fig. \autoref{fig:averages}. The Parameter | ||
Averages are extinction curve averages that depend on a parameter, often $R(V) = | ||
A(V)/E(B-V)$ which is the ratio of total to selective extinction. Fig. | ||
\autoref{fig:parameter_averages} shows examples of such models. The Grain | ||
Models are those extinction curves computed using dust grain models. See Fig. | ||
\autoref{fig:grain} and note that these models provide dust extinction | ||
predictions from the X-ray through submm wavelengths. The final type of models | ||
are Shapes that provide flexible functional forms that fit selected wavelength | ||
ranges (see Fig. \autoref{fig:shapes} for an example). | ||
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![Examples of Average models based on observations in the Milky Way, Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) [@Bastiaansen92; @Gordon03; @Gordon09; @Gordon21; @Gordon24].\label{fig:averages}](average_models_uv_nir.png){ | ||
width=70% } | ||
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![Examples of Parameter Average models [@Cardelli89; @ODonnell94; @Fitzpatrick99; @Fitzpatrick04; @Valencic04; @Gordon09; @MaizApellaniz14; @Fitzpatrick19; @Decleir22; @Gordon23].\label{fig:parameter_averages}](parameter_average_models.png) | ||
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![Examples of Grain models that are based on fitting observed extinction curves as well as other dust observables (e.g., emission and polarization) [@Desert90; @Weingartner01; @Draine03; @Zubko04; @Compiegne11; @Jones13; @Hensley23].\label{fig:grain}](grain_models.png){ width=70% } | ||
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![Example of a Shape model that is focused on decomposing the UV extinction curve [@Fitzpatrick90].\label{fig:shapes}](shape_models.png){ width=70% } | ||
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The wavelength dependence of extinction for a model is computed by passing a | ||
wavelength or frequency vector with units. Each model has a valid wavelength | ||
range that is enforced as extrapolation is not supported. The model output is in | ||
the standard $A(\lambda)/A(V)$ units where $A(\lambda)$ is the extinction at | ||
wavelength $\lambda$ and $A(V)$ is the extinction in the V band. Every model has | ||
a helper `extinguish` function that alternatively provides the fractional | ||
effects of extinction for a specific dust column (e.g., $A(V)$ value). This | ||
allows for the effects of dust to be modeled for or removed from an observation. | ||
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This package does not implement dust attenuation models. Dust attenuation | ||
results when observing more complex systems like a star with nearby, | ||
circumstellar dust or a galaxy with many stars extinguished by different amounts | ||
of dust. In both cases, the wavelength dependence of effects of dust are | ||
dependent not just on the dust grain properties, but also the effects of the | ||
dust radiative transfer [@Steinacker13]. Specifically, the averaging of sources | ||
extinguished by differing amount of dust and the inclusion of a significnat | ||
number of photons scattered into the observing beam. | ||
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Any published dust extinction model is welcome for inclusion in this package. | ||
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# References |
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