Coder
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Space conserving (LEB128) CPU data-state (memory: addr+value, register: idx+value) encoder
(decodable from left-to-right and right-to-left)

When used to store deltas, this coder can be used to track, replay and roll-back all data changes
of 32 and 16 bit integer-registers from a set of up to 255 different registers,
and 16 bit wide memory, all with unlimited size clock values.

Build
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No need to build: header only library in coder.h.

Example usage with dummy CPU (cpu.h) in test/cpu_test.cpp.

To execute the tests, simply run make.

Information
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Requires C++20.

Encoding:
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16 bit register entry:
----------------------

|----------------------- 1 byte ----------------------------------|--------- n byte ----------|---- n byte -----|
1bit leb128_marker, 1bit (value & 1), 1bit two_reg=0, 5bit reg_idx, varint_leb128 (value >> 1), varint_leb128 clk

NOTE leb128_marker:
when reading entries right-to-left, we have to read until we encounter the leb128 marker of the
following value. To indicate that value ends, we set the MSB of our entries leftmost byte.

NOTE two_reg:
The only indication that we store 16 or 32 bit wide registers is this bit.
Depending on its value, we have to decode the following data differently:


32 bit register entry:
----------------------

|------------------------------- 1 byte -----------------------------------|------------------ n byte -------------------|---- n byte -----|
1bit leb128_decode_marker, 1bit (value1 & 1), 1bit two_reg=1, 5bit reg_idx1, varint_leb128 (value2 << 15) | (value1 >> 1), varint_leb128 clk

NOTE reg_idx2:
Only idx1 is saved, idx2 has to be calculated:

E.g.:
reg_idx2 := if  reg_idx1 & (1<<4)  then  reg_idx1-1  else  reg_idx1 | (1<<4)

Why this formula? In my case: idx2 is the high-word, idx1 is the low-word
(the condition stems from the discrepancy of where PH, PC and SP, FP and OP are placed e.g.:
(PH=18, PC=19) but (SH=31, SP=15)

16 bit memory:
--------------
|---- n byte ----|------ n byte -----|----- n byte ------|
varint_leb128 clk, varint_leb128 addr, varint_leb128 value