This is x48, an HP48 CPU emulator.
This is Version 0.7.1 mofified by czo.
What's new:
- Implemented new design
- New colors for HP48sx and HP48gx
- Fix bugs for newer gcc
- Corrected some C files
debian compile: dpkg-buildpackage -b -uc -us
if the 'LCD' is scrambled, you might try running x48 in one of the 3 ways below to see if that will solve the problem.
- run 'x48 +xshm'
- put 'x48*useXShm: False' in you .Xdefaults file (man xrdb)
- run './configure --disable-shm' to build x48 without the Shared memory extention.
What's new:
- Implemented CONFIG/UNCNFG more exactly.
- Added support for different RAM or ROM cards.
- Added G/GX support (lost of changes)
new colors, new labels, ...
- Rewrote ROMDump for both S/SX and G/GX. Lots faster now.
Thanks go to Robert Tiismus <[email protected]>
- Corrected handling of Display and Menu images, fixed number
of lines in init_display(), to avoid XShmError on virgin
startup
- Catch SIGPIPE and save state, so everything is saved, when
x48 gets terminated by xkill or the window manager
This emulator is capable of providing a faithful replication of the HP48. In order to do so, it requires a copy of the ROM software from YOUR calculator. In order to avoid breaking copyright laws, and upsetting HP, you MUST BE THE PROUD OWNER OF AN HP48 before running this program. Of course you can run this program without a copy of the ROM software in order to write trivial machine code programs but you will not be able to access any of the calculator functionality.
Instructions on how to download a copy of the ROM are provided later in this document.
I would like to thank Robert Tiismus [email protected] for his help with ROMDump for the G/GX. The ROMDump utility gained a lot of speed and works for both S/SX and G/GX now.
I used SADHP to disassemble parts of the 48's ROM and some other programs to test x48, also I very closely looked at SADHP while writing code for RPL debugging. So here go sincere thanks:
-- Jan Brittenson [email protected] -- Mika Heiskanen [email protected]
Latest version of SADHP is available from wuarchive.wust.edu:/systems/hp/hp48Uploads/ Get it to look deeper into your HP48.
I would like to thank Lutz Vieweg [email protected] for his outstanding bug reports. Must be the crazyness of porting gcc to the 48, and of writing code in assembler, that digs out all the bugs in x48. Go on like this Lutz.
I must thank Joe Ervin for his article on keyboard handling.
I also must thank Paul Fox, Author of EM48, for his work on his emulator, the source code was a great help for solving some problems, specially the memory bank switching. Thanks Paul.
I would also like to thank Alonzo Gariepy for his contribution to the world on how the HP28/HP48 works.
I would sincerely like to ask HP about giving me a 48 GX, so the world could receive more complete x48, also I could use some ROM cards, like the EQ-LIB to implement an easy use of these. Well, I credited HP in the last releases, but now x48 really gets running and I still haven't heard a word from them... Just remember, x48 comes under the terms and conditions of the GPL.
I will continue to work on this product and support it where I have the time, and would therefore appreciate any patches or bug fixes, etc which any of you make so that I can keep control of the software.
Information in the form of loose english, context diffs, or suggestions are welcome so that we can all make this product a little better.
I improved handling of differences in Solaris, SunOS, HP/UX, and Linux. Things are not perfect, anyway.
To configure some things for the Makefiles, edit 'config.h' in the directory 'x48-0.4.0'. There you can set the compiler, flags to pass to the compiler, and some other stuff.
To build the emulator do the following in the directory 'x48-0.4.0':
- xmkmf
- make
This should give you the programs 'x48', 'dump2rom', 'checkrom', and 'mkcard' in the directory 'x48-0.4.0/bin'.
To get the serial line working, you should set up your .Xdefaults for x48. The resources concerning the serial line are:
x48useSerial: True x48serialLine: /dev/ttyS0 ; your serial device here, this ; looks good for Linux.
Run 'x48 -help' for a list of command line options.
Look at 'x48-0.4.0/src/X48.ad' for the whole set of Xresources the program uses.
The emulator works by executing an image of the HP48s ROM. In order to run the emulator you must have a version of your ROM on the system.
- This includes the HIDDEN ROM. Please don't use DUMP programs, that *
- don't dump the HIDDEN ROM. The emulator won't run. *
To get a memory dump you need to do the following:
-
Download the file 'romdump/ROMDump' to your HP.
-
To capture a complete ROM, start kermit on your computer, set the line so it fits your HP, set the speed to 9600 baud and type 'log session', then 'connect'.
-
On a HP48 S/SX type '#0h #7FFFFh ROMDump', on a HP48 G/GX type '#0h #FFFFFh ROMDump'. This will take about 15 minutes on the S/SX, 30 minutes on the G/GX.
-
When done, type the kermit-Escape (usually CTRL-) followed by 'C' on your Computer. Say 'quit' to the kermit.
Your ROM should now be in the file 'session.log'.
Now you have a file containing lines like
#00000:2369B108DADF1008 ...
This has to be converted to a binary ROM for x48.
Run the command: dump2rom session.log
This will convert your dump into a rom file readable by the emulator
called 'rom.dump'.
CHECK the file with the program 'checkrom'.
Type: checkrom rom.dump. It should say:
ROM Version is HP48-A ROM CRC reads 0xcb76 (for Rev. A, will be different for other ROMs) IROM OK: ROM CRC test passed.
or
ROM Version is HP48-R ROM CRC 1 reads 0xdfed (for Rev. R, will be different for other ROMs) ROM CRC 2 reads 0xf0b1 ( --- " --- ) IROM OK: ROM CRC test passed.
If the test failed, something went wrong transfering the ROM. Don't start thinking about the size or the nibbles in 'rom.dump'. That's all correct. Do the Transfer again.
If you know how to do it, you could of course only transfer the 'broken' part of the dump, using e.g. '#60000h #60080h ROMDump' and fix these lines in 'session.log'.
Go into the directory, where your ROM dump resides and type 'x48', or type 'x48 -rom ', where is the file containing your ROM dump.
On the first start the emulator will read the ROM dump. It will start running at the addr 00000. This will result in the question 'Try to recover memory?' Answer 'NO'.
To use the emulator, click your mouse at the buttons on the emulator. You have to press the button down long enough, so the HP-48 will considder it a keypress. Well, this should work.
To do something like ON-E, or ON-A-F, one would use the middle mouse button to press ON, then the middle mouse button to press A. These keys should stay depressed. Now use the left mouse button to press F. This should release all three keys and yield the desired results.
You can check your ROM dump by pressing ON-E. This enters the selftest of the HP-48. If it says IROM OK after some time, your ROM CRC has been calculated correctly.
The SX emulator has 32K RAM and two 128K RAM cards, both read/write. To access all memory you have to do: 1 MERGE 2 MERGE The GX emulator has 128K RAM and no RAM cards, yet. To access all memory you have to do: 1 MERGE 2 MERGE
When you hit the 'quit' button of the window frame (under ol(v)wm), the emulator saves its state, RAM, ROM, and the ports to files in the directory '$HOME/.hp48/', so the next time it is started, all your stuff should be still there.
If the emulator gets messed up, or crashes, enter the debugger
by typing CTRL-C in the shell you started x48. At the prompt type
reset, confirm with y. Then type cont.
If this does not help, enter the debugger again, and type
exit, confirm with y. This will NOT save the stuff, so the next
time you use x48, it should be in the same state as on the last run.
Another way to achive this, is to send SIGTERM or SIGKILL to x48.
To get a RAM card, use the program 'mkcard' to build the card, and copy the resulting file to $HOME/.hp48/port1 or $HOME/.hp48/port2. On the next start of the emulator, the card should be detected and usable. (Maybe you have to turn it off, and on again...)
I have added simple keyboard support:
The keys 'A' - 'Z', '0' - '9', '+', '-', '*', '/', 'RETURN', '.', 'SPACE',
'DELETE', and 'BACKSPACE' are mapped to the according keys on the HP-48's
keyboard. The SHIFT keys give you the Orange and Blue shifts. 'ALT' gives
you the alpha' key, and 'ESC' the ON' key.
The keys 'F1' - 'F2' also access the menu labels on the HP. The cursor keys
give you the HP-48 keys 'K', 'P', 'Q', and 'R'.
Note that the key 'A' doesn't give you the letter "A" on the HP, but the button in Row 1, Column 1 on the HP keyboard. The function executed depends on the Shift State of the HP.
To do something like 'ON-A-F', press and hold ESC', then press and hold A', then press `F' and release all buttons.
The emulator shows one line similar to:
wire:/dev/ttyp2 IR:/dev/ttyS0
right below it's display.
If you have a backup off your real HP-48 on your computer, you could restore it using kermit:
On the emulator enter the IO menu, hit SETUP, configure to wire, binary, 9600, none, 1, 3.
'wire' is the local computer connection, 'IR' talks to the serial line of your computer. This is strange, but the other way around it does not work, yet.
Go to the IO menu again. Hit SERVER. The emulator says: Awaiting Server Command
On your computer take an unused xterm, go to the directory where you keep your backups, and start kermit. Configure the line:
type 'set line /dev/ttyp2' <---- use the number from the line below the display !!!
This should be the pseudo terminal connected to your emulator.
At the kermit prompt type: 'send backup18.08.1994', or however your backup was called. There should be communication going.
After the transfer you should have a VAR 'backup18.08.1994'. Hit the menu key for it. It says BackupHOMEDIR. Type RESTORE. That's all.
Talking to the serial line, to e.g. another real HP-48 works the same, just configure the IO to IR.
!!! Note that the communcication speed is 2400 Baud here, because the emulator, or better the HP48, thinks he is doing IR transfer.
Very slow, especially the GX compared to a real GX.
Lots of guesses in the devices section of the emulator. I could realy use the 'SATURN HARDWARE SPECIFICATION' from HP. If anyone has access to it, send a copy, or tell me where to get it.
Documentation is missing. There should be a file 'x48.texinfo' to describe the various options and flags of x48.
Please send any bug reports, context-diffs or suggestions to
Eddie C. Dost 61, Rue de la Chapelle 4850 Moresnet-Chapelle Belgium
Have Fun.