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# 浏览器插件推荐 | ||
由于越纯净的浏览器携带的功能越精简,你可能需要一些浏览器本不携带的功能,请考虑安装浏览器插件(或者叫`浏览器扩展`) | ||
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## 浏览器插件 | ||
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谷歌有官方的插件[商店](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/category/extensions),你可以从中安装你想使用的插件(但是要科学上网才可以访问) | ||
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推荐列表给出的链接是 google 官方插件网站,你也可以直接 google 某些插件的官方网站来安装插件 | ||
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## 离线安装方法 | ||
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如果你能直接从 google 插件商店安装插件请跳过此节 | ||
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一般情况下,你会有插件的两种存在方式之一即可安装到浏览器中 | ||
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以 google 系浏览器为例,访问网址`chrome:https://extensions/`你就可以打开扩展管理页面,依照图片方法拖拽`ctx`后缀的文件至空白处就会提示你是否安装插件,点击添加扩展程序即可安装 | ||
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![安装浏览器插件](../img/chap2_add_plugins.png) | ||
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### 浏览器插件推荐 | ||
* [Adblock Plus](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/adblock-plus-free-ad-bloc/cfhdojbkjhnklbpkdaibdccddilifddb) : 用于广告拦截 | ||
* [uBlock Origin](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/ublock-origin/cjpalhdlnbpafiamejdnhcphjbkeiagm) : 用于广告拦截(建议配合) | ||
* [Infinity 新标签页 (Pro)](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/infinity-new-tab-pro/nnnkddnnlpamobajfibfdgfnbcnkgngh) : 用于更改原版浏览器标签页的样式,自定义标签页和主页 | ||
* [Tampermonkey(油猴)](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/tampermonkey/dhdgffkkebhmkfjojejmpbldmpobfkfo) : 加载脚本的插件,稍后会详细介绍 | ||
* [划词翻译](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/%E5%88%92%E8%AF%8D%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91/ikhdkkncnoglghljlkmcimlnlhkeamad) : 如其名 | ||
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## 油猴插件 | ||
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什么是油猴插件? | ||
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Tampermonkey(中文俗称油猴,官方译名窜改猴),是一款浏览器上的扩展 | ||
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用户可以通过Tampermonkey添加和使用脚本,而脚本是一种可以修改网页JavaScript的程序 | ||
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简而言之就是你可以在油猴插件中添加一些由用户编写的脚本,以实现对某些网站的特点功能的实现 | ||
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## 安装方法 | ||
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首先点击油猴插件的图标,会打开下图界面,点击`获取新脚本` | ||
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![获取新脚本](../img/chap2_tampermonkey_add_new_plugins.png) | ||
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油猴推荐了一些使用人数较多的脚本提供网站,当然你也可以自己找国内的,这里使用 Greasy Fork 进行演示 | ||
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![搜索脚本](../img/chap2_tampermonkey_find_new_plugins.png) | ||
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搜索你想要添加的脚本功能,检索脚本 | ||
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![搜索脚本GF](../img/chap2_tampermonkey_find_new_plugins_from_GF.png) | ||
![安装脚本](../img/chap2_tampermonkey_install_new_plugins.png) | ||
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点击安装后 Tampermonkey 会弹出页面询问是否添加脚本,点击是即可添加插件到 Tampermonkey 中 | ||
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### 插件推荐 | ||
* [CSDN 优化](https://greasyfork.org/zh-CN/scripts/378351-%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0-csdn%E5%B9%BF%E5%91%8A%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4-%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96-%E4%B8%8D%E7%94%A8%E5%86%8D%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E4%BA%86-%E8%AE%A9%E4%BD%A0%E4%BD%93%E9%AA%8C%E4%BB%A4%E4%BA%BA%E6%83%8A%E5%96%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%AD%E6%96%B0csdn) : 清理csdn的广告、破解登录才能复制的功能 | ||
* [Bilibili-Evolved](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/the1812/Bilibili-Evolved/master/dist/bilibili-evolved.user.js) : 一款优化 bilibili 网页版的脚本 | ||
* [搜索引擎优化](https://greasyfork.org/zh-CN/scripts/14178-ac-baidu-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E6%90%9C%E7%8B%97%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C%E5%BF%85%E5%BA%94%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2-favicon-%E5%8F%8C%E5%88%97) : 用于优化搜索引擎搜索结果 |
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# 文件的组成 | ||
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以`C:\Windows\notepad.exe` 为例 | ||
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文件应具有自己的属性,常见属性可以包括: | ||
* 文件名 : notepad | ||
* 文件类型 : exe | ||
* 文件大小 : 196 KB | ||
* 文件的路径 : C:\Windows\notepad.exe | ||
* 建立时间 : 2020年1月1日 10:00:00 | ||
* 修改日期 : 最近一次修改文件的日期 | ||
* ... | ||
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## 文件类型 | ||
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一个文件是什么类型的文件主要可以通过文件的扩展名来表示(但是不一定完全是) | ||
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### 扩展名 | ||
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以 win10 为例我们可以勾选`查看 > 文件扩展名`来显示文件的扩展名 | ||
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![打开扩展名显示](../img/chap3_file_attribute_extension.png) | ||
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值得注意是的扩展名的大小写并不影响表的的类型 所以`.TXT` 和 `.txt` 是等价的 | ||
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常见的扩展名有: | ||
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| 扩展名 | 说明 | 打开方式 | | ||
|--------------------------|-------------------|-------------------------------| | ||
| .txt | 无格式的文本文件 | 记事本 | | ||
| .html;.htm;.shtml;.xhtml | 带超文本格式的文本文件(网页) | 浏览器(显示),记事本等文本编辑工具可以编辑 | | ||
| .doc;.docx | Word文档 | Word、金山WPS Office | | ||
| .ppt;.pptx | PowerPoint演示文稿 | PowerPoint、金山WPS Office | | ||
| .pdf | 电子书格式 | Adobe Reader、Microsoft Edge | | ||
| .bmp | Windows位图文件 | 几乎所有图片查看器、画图 | | ||
| .jpg;.jpeg | 有损图像压缩格式 | 几乎所有图片查看器 | | ||
| .png | 有损图像压缩格式 | 几乎所有图片查看器 | | ||
| .gif | 动图格式 | 几乎所有图片查看器 | | ||
| .ico | Windows图标 | 几乎所有图片查看器 | | ||
| .psd | Adobe Photoshop格式 | Adobe Photoshop、ACDSee、XnView | | ||
| .exe | 可执行文件 | 双击 | | ||
| .rar | 压缩文档 | 几乎所有解压缩软件 | | ||
| .zip | 压缩文档 | 几乎所有解压缩软件 | | ||
| .mp4 | 视频文件 | 几乎所有视频播放器 | | ||
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### 扩展名与文件类型并不是100%对应的 | ||
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你可以尝试把一个 `.txt` 后缀的文本文件重命名为 `.exe` 后缀,但是当你双击尝试打开时会发现并不能运行 | ||
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但是文件本身还是一个**文本文件**,而不是一个可执行文件,所以后缀名(扩展名)并不能100%表示文件的类型 | ||
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# 参考 | ||
电脑文件 : https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/21421152 | ||
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文件格式列表 : https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8 |
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# 压缩包是什么 | ||
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常见的例子是ZIP、RAR文件格式,此格式不仅仅提供压缩功能,还可作为归档工具(Archiver),能够将许多文件存储到同一个文件中。 | ||
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压缩包的作用是将文件(或者很多文件)进行打包并且通过压缩算法将文件内重复的部分进行压缩,使之占用空间减少 | ||
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别的用途如:实现对文件的压缩保密保护 | ||
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## 常见的压缩包格式 | ||
* 无损压缩 : rar, zip, 7z, TAR, GZ, JAR, ISO 等 | ||
* 有损压缩 : 平时常见的jpg,rmvb等格式的音视频文件也属于压缩文件 | ||
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### 有损压缩与无损压缩 | ||
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无损压缩后,信息可以被完美还原。比如rar,zip | ||
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有损压缩后,信息无法被完美还原。比如jpg,rm,mp3等,其基本原理就是去除一些人类不敏感的信息,再进行压缩。 | ||
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## 常见的解压缩软件 | ||
* bandizip | ||
* 7-zip | ||
* winrar | ||
* win10自带的压缩包解压(仅限zip格式) | ||
* 360压缩 | ||
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由于`.rar`格式的压缩格式是有专利保护的,所以有很多解压缩软件只能解压rar格式而不能压缩为rar格式 | ||
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# 参考 | ||
压缩包 : https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E5%8C%85/5373066 | ||
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无损压缩和有损压缩的区别? : https://www.zhihu.com/question/267956200 |
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