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You don't have the time to watch all the WWDC session videos yourself? No problem I extracted the gist for you 🥳

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WWDC 2019 Session Notes

GitSpo Mentions

Usually it is much faster to read through some bullet points instead of watching a 50 min session video. Then if you find something interesting you can still watch it.

Feel free to submit a PR if I got something wrong or you have an improvement suggestion. Also have a quick look in CONTRIBUTING.md if you want to contribute.

This is work in progress since also for me it is a lot of effort to watch all the videos. So either please be patient or just open up an issue to make a suggestion which session notes you like to see here asap :)

Contributers

Thanks so much to EVERYBODY who contributed and improved the overall quality of the notes and those who added complete notes to the list:

@matthew_spear, @rukano, @Borzoo, @viktorasl, @ezefranca, @0xflotus, @lachlanjc, @Sherlouk

Interesting WWDC-Related Links

Video ToC

What's New in Swift

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/402

  • ABI Stability (Application Binary Interface): App and Framework built by different compilers can now be used together (in the past ensured by building with same compiler)
  • Module Stability: Swift module file and App build by different compilers can now be used together by introducing stable and textual .swiftinterface file
  • Binary Frameworks: Result of ABI and Module stability. Can be shared with others.
  • obsolete return if it is the only line in a closure / function
  • auto-generated struct initializers now allow to pass only some of the arguments
  • Opaque Return Types: Let you return the same type without leaking implementation details. Use keyword some
  • Property Wrappers: Wrapper type to define custom access patterns. Property can adopt this by adding attribute to its declaration. In the case of UserDefaults you can define properties that know how to read/write from/to UserDefaults.
  • Embedded DSLs

Introducing SF Symbols

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/206

  • Alignment is perfect surrounding text
  • 1500 vector symbols designed by Apple in all weights available
  • Margins of symbols can be different so they are perfectly aligned on screen
  • Scales (small, medium, large) ensure
    • symbols maintain same weight as neighbouring text
    • symbols are vertically centered to neighbouring text
  • SF Symbols app to play around and export existing symbols (as SVG template) for customization
  • UIImage(systemName: String) is new - just copy the name from the Symbols app
  • Multiple images with the same name in Asset Catalog are now possible. Apple first looks for symbol and then for non-symbol (ensures backwards compatibility to iOS 12: uses image in iOS 12 and symbol in iOS 13)
  • Constraining symbol images is discouraged. Use natural size or set font size
  • Any font can be used with symbols via UIImage.symbolConfiguration
  • Vertical text alignment works with single-lined and multi-lined text
  • Baseline alignment to align symbol to first line of text
  • Regular images are aligned baseline aligned by generating a new image with image.withBaselineOffsetFromBottom(GGFloat)
  • Prefer horizontal and vertical center alignment instead of edge alignment
  • Buttons with symbol images are created using UIImage.system(image:target:action)
  • UIButton Symbol Configuration changed by UIButton.setPreferredSymbolConfiguration(config:forState:)
  • Auto-scaling UIBarButtonItems from SymbolScale.large to SymbolScale.medium in landscape
  • No frame settings necessary for NSTextAttachment for placing images in text
  • UIImage tint support image.withTintColor(UIColor) - yeah 🥳

Advances in Foundation

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/723

  • Ordered Collection Diffing
  • Compression API to transmit resources compressed (CompressionAlgorithm.[lzfse, lz4, lzma, .zlib])
  • New Units bits, bytes, nibbles
  • RelativeDateTimeFormatter for get localized, relative date descriptions
  • ListFormatter formats list contents localized
    • correct separator and localized and before the last element
    • specify itemFormatter to control how the list items are formatted
  • OperationQueue
    • BarrierBlock lets run a completion task safely when all other tasks are finished
    • progress reporting
  • Scanner lets you split string files in one line now: scanner.scanUpToCharacters(CharacterSet)
  • Use DataProtocol instead of UInt8

What's New In App Store Connect

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/301

  • App Store for Messages with full TestFlight capabilities
  • Transporter Mac app for submission of IPA, PKG, ITMSP files. ApplicationLoader deprecated.
  • Build Activity View shows all uploaded builds, download sizes for each device, detailed information for each build
  • TestFlight Feedback
    • lets users talke screenshots in TestFlight and send them with a description to developer
    • accessible/downloadable from ASC
    • adds a custom onboarding screen to app the first time the app is tested.
    • can be enabled/disabled via testflight for each tester group
  • Crashes automatically trigger the feedback dialog. Feedback viewable/downloadable in ASC.
  • App Deletions 🎉 as metric on APC. Opt-in. Only from iOS 12.3+. Only for homescreen and storage deletions. Resetting device doesn't count.
  • 24h live dashboard hourly updated statistics for all apps to better understand sales data (e.g. in-app purchase) as it is rolled out

Great Developer Habits

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/239

  • Use groups for project organization
  • Mirror project and file structure
  • Large Storyboards should be splitted
  • Update Project Settings asap whenever Xcode prompts you
  • New Build System should be used asap
  • Unused code should be deleted, not commented out - we all have source control, right?
  • Warnings resolve them immediately. Never check in code with warnings. Treat them as errors.
  • Commit small changes a Git commit should contain only small code changes
  • Write useful commit messages that have a short title and a descriptive body
  • Use branches to isolate changes that belong to a certain feature
  • Write documentation about WHY the code has been written and WHAT it is doing
  • Use descriptive variable names instead of id, state, etc.
  • Write Unit Tests to avoid regressions and run them before each commit
  • Use diagnostics tools that can be enabled in the scheme settings (Main Thread Checker, Address Sanitizer, Thread Sanitizer, Undefined Behavior Sanitizer)
  • Gauges are very useful to see if you have problems with network, memory, disk and CPU usage
  • Network Link Conditioner helps tracking down bugs on low connectivity
  • Do Code Reviews to track down issues and get a common understanding of the code and its style
    • understand each changed line
    • build and run the project
    • run the tests
    • proofread comments and documentation
    • look for spelling and grammar errors
    • ensure consistency in codebase
  • Decouple your code by creating packages and shared frameworks to reduce code size and share code between multiple app targets
  • Dependencies should be used responsibly
    • Understand how a dependency works thoroughly
    • Read carefully the changes when it is updated
    • Have a plan when a dependency goes away or is not maintained anymore
    • Ensure privacy

Writing Great Accessibility Labels

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/254

  • Accessibility Label is a human understandable label
    • gives meaning to the elements of your app
    • value depends completely on the context
    • should not contain the type of the view. Automatically provided by accessibilityType
    • should contain context if multiple similar elements visible (multiple add buttons)
  • don't add redundant context, e.g. if you're in a music player avoid song from the accessibility label of next, previous, ...

What's New in Xcode 11

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/401

  • Editor splitting is now unlimited and allowed horizontally and vertically
  • Source control log info moved to inspector and can thus be used for any file any time
  • Editor Options Button configures now every split editor seperately.
    • Assistent and Authors are moved there
    • Holding ⌥ + ⇧ when clicking a new file shows the destination selector that lets you choose in which split editor to open the file
  • Editor and Canvas option shows the current views preview if there is one
  • Canvas / Assistent hides automatically if there is nothing to see for the currently selected file
  • The Minimap is loaded with functionality
    • Landmarks, Syntax coloring, Navigation, shows symbol names on hover, highlights search results
    • Holding ⌘ shows all symbols in the file when hovering over the minimap
  • Powered up Documentation formats the doc block in a markdown like style
    • add missing documentation / or fill up gaps by selecting Editor > Structure > Add Documentation
  • Show Change after click on change bar shows inline diff
  • Code completion works more reliably: function overloads, enum cases, compiler control statements
  • Swift Package Manager is now part of Xcode
    • GitHub, GitLab and BitBucket integration
    • used to integrate packages for all platforms
    • Project Editor > Project > Swift Packages Tab shows all personal and starred repos when logged in
    • Source browsing of packages is possible
    • helps sharing own packages with the world
  • Source Control extended by stashing and cherry pick
  • Asset Catalog can provide assets and colors for dark mode. Image assets are localizable now.
  • Environment Overrides in the debug bar lets you change dynamic text size, appearance and accessibility settings
  • Device Conditions in the devices window let you change network throughput and thermal state of your device
  • Test Plans define a set of tests and are sharable via Schemes
    • describe arguments, environment variables, sanitizers, language, ...
  • Watch Simulator is now stand alone
  • Simulator build on top of Metal
    • apps build in Metal can be run in the simulator with great performance
    • Apps on top of UIKit are much faster
    • 60 fps • up to 90% less battery life • warm boots are 2x as fast
  • SwiftUI enables Canvas previews, Code and Canvas Editors, Code Hot Swapping, Rich Preview API, Preview Pinning, Instruments Template, On-Device Previews, Action Popover Actions, Library Views and Modifiers, Canvas Editor for Code, Preview Debugging, Development Time Assets
  • Most Awesome SwiftUI Tutorials I've Ever Seen Right In Xcode's Documentation Window

What's New in Authentication

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/516

  • Sign in With Apple
    • lets users choose which information is delivered
    • creates random email and forwards it directly to your AppleID to disguise your original email
  • Password Auto-Fill for iPad apps on the Mac
  • Weak Password Assistant detects weak passwords and offers you to change it
  • ASWebAuthenticationSession provides easy OAuth workflow and deprecates SFAuthenticationSession

Introducing Sign In with Apple

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/706

  • Secure - backed by 2FA of the AppleID
  • Private - not tracked by Apple
  • Fast and Easy - user doesn't even need a keyboard
  • User controls which data to share
  • Seamless Across Device recognizes that already signed in on other device
  • Requires Capability for Apple Sign In has to be added
  • Private E-Mail Relay links random mail to your AppleID
    • Apple never retains messages
    • Can be used for any email communication like receipts, ...
    • Two-Way Relay
  • Anti-Fraud Detection can tell if a robot tries to sign in or not
  • Cross Platform iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS, JavaScript (Android Websites)
  • ASAuthorizationAppleIDButton creates button that has different visual styles and labels
  • Authentication Request returns
    • UserID which is unique, stable and team-scoped and can be used as the key to the user
    • Verification Data identity token and short-lived code to refresh token
    • Full Name as PersonNameComponents which contain first/last name separately
    • Verified email your server doesn't need to verify this email again
    • Real User Indicator high confidence indicator that likely real user
    • Credential State tells if UserID is authorized (let user pass), revoked (handle unlink) or not Found (show login)
  • Always check on AppStart with provider.getCredentialState(userID) which runs very fast
  • Listen to NSNotification.Name.ASAuthorizationAppleIDProviderCredentialRevoked and sign the user out if called
  • Password Autofill integrates with Apple Sign In. Triggered if the device detects a stored credential

Building Great Shortcuts

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/805

  • Summary of an Action should be short and only contain necessary parameter
  • Best way to add shortcut is right inside the app after the action that should be added has been completed
  • Offer to add shortcuts for repeatable actions
  • Activation Phrase should be short and pronounceable
  • Suggested Shortcuts List can be updated by app via API a often as wanted. Apple also populated this list based on device usage like recently used apps.
  • Input and Output concept used to make actions work together. Actions can now output information for others to use, e.g. action could find a note wheas action 2 processes this. Both can be chained together.
  • Intent Editor lets the developer modify intents

Designing Great Shortcuts

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/806

  • Shortcut Use Cases are Accelerate an Action, Present Concise Information, Multi-Step Shortcuts
  • Great Shortcuts wrap actions the user has to to often in your app. Offer adding an action to Siri after this action has been completed
  • Provided Add to Siri Button should be used to add an action to Siri
  • Activation Phrase should have a great default
  • Action should provide as much detail as possible to the user has to fill out as less as necessary
  • Prompts can be used to collect a value from the user.
  • Minimize Disambiguation Prompts by providing an options list upfront
  • Pronounciation Hints can be provided on devices lacking a display
  • Providing Synonyms to options helps Siri to understand the user
  • The Final Confirmation Dialog should be used to summarize everything the user has specified. Keep in mind to design a more descriptive one for devices without display!
  • Continuing in App dialog is one big button, therefore avoid elements that look interactive.
  • Never include the App Name this is shown automatically
  • Don't Include Users Name since it might sound repetitive
  • Avoid first-person pronouns use something like There are the following options

Integrating with Siri Event Suggestions

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/243

  • Apps can donate information to the system via INInteraction so the system can show them to the user at appropriate time, location or in related apps
  • All this magic happened directly on the device
  • Intents framework supports reservations acroll many categories like Flights, Restaurant, Movies, Ticket Events, Car Rentals, Train, Hotels, Flights
  • INReservation, INGetReservationDetailsIntent and INGetReservationDetailsIntentResponse to donate reservation information to the system
  • NSUserActivity is used to handle app launches from Siri suggestion throughout the iOS system
    • can be used to provide web-based flow if app is not installed > NSUserActivity.webpageURL
  • Shortcut appears on the lockscreen and in the search UI when specified parameters match (user is at specified location, time of the event is close, …). On tap it launches the app.
  • Reservation Details are automatically synced across the users devices using end-to-end encryption
  • Donating Reservations
    • If you don't have the coordinate provide 0, 0. Siri will only use the postal address.
    • Make sure to set the correct time zone of the event location for the event
    • If no end time is available - set it nil
    • In case of multiple INReservation items:
      • provide itemReference which must be unique for each reservation
      • can be structured as you want, e.g. reservation number combined with flight number
    • Donation should be done
      • in-app when the reservation is created
      • always when reservation viewed because it might have changed
      • from the background when the app is closed and the reservation changed
    • Donate should not be done
      • explicitly via UI elements
    • If reservation is cancelled, donate the reservation with reservationStatus set to .cancelled

Modern Swift API Design

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/415

  • Clarity at point of use is the most important goal as an API designer
  • No prefixes in Swift-only frameworks
  • Prefer Structs over Classes - Use classes only when
    • reference counting or deinitialization is needed
    • the value is shared
  • Use private backing variables and additionally a computed property for reference types if you need to copy them
  • Only manually copy reference types if isKnownUniquelyReferenced returns false.
  • Don't start off with protocols rather start with concrete types • discover the need for generic code • try to use existing protocols • consider generics over protocols. This will also decrease binary size and increase compile time.
  • Get familiar with SIMD types which are perfectly suited for geometric calculations
  • Dynamic Member Lookup to define a single subscript operation that exposes multiple properties on a type
    • attribute type by @dynamicMemberLookup
    • requires implementing subscript that takes a KeyPath or ReferenceWritableKeyPath
    • any property is automatically exposed as computed property
  • Property Wrappers offer code reuse out of computed properties by using Generics.
    • Describe the policy behind your data access
    • Eliminate boilerplate & get more expressive UIs
    • add the attribute @propertyWrapper to your generic type (requires implementing public var value: Value )
    • Use Your Property Wrapper by defining a property this way: @YourPropertyWrapperType var name: String which will internally expand to a private backing property as well as a computed property that uses the implementation of your generic type.
    • @UserDefault(key: "BOOSTER_IGNITED", defaultValue: false) static var isBoosterIgnited: Bool
    • @ThreadSpecific var localPool: MemoryPool
    • @Option(shorthand: "m", documentation: "Minimum Value", defaultValue: 0) var minimum: Int
    • Examples from SwiftUI are @State, @Binding
  • Use protocols for code reuse not for classification

Core NFC Enhancements

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/715

  • Support for reading Passports, interacting with smart cards from iPhone 7 ++
  • NFCTagReaderSession allows to scan native tags like ISO14443, ISO15693, ISO18092
  • NFCNDEFReaderSession supports discovery of NDEF tag objects and read/write operations for those
  • Workflow to Use NFC
    • Enable Xcode Capability
    • Use one of the sessions described above
    • receive tags in discovery callbacks
    • connect to tag
    • perform operations
    • invalidate session
  • Native Tag Reading supports ISO7816
    • info.plist must contain a list of ApplicationIdentifiers (AID)
    • detect-tag callback invoked when tag is ISO7816 and AID is contains in info.plist
  • Native Tag Reading supports also MIFARE, ISO15693, FeliCa (from Sony - heavily used by transit and payment systems in Japan)
  • Watch technical session video for implementation details to all supported Native Tag Reading

Testing in Xcode

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/413

  • Testing Pyramid Refresher
    • Unit Tests as foundation help to test a single piece of code - write many
    • Integration Tests validate larger section of code (clusters of classes). Verify that different parts behave correctly together. You need less of these than unit tests.
    • UI Tests observe the user-facing behavior of your app. Requires more maintenance, run slow. You need the least ones
  • XCTUnwrap is equivalent to: assert not nil; guard let <condition> else throw
  • XCTAssertEqual gains an accuracy argument for comparing double values
  • XCTAssertThrowsError has a closure to evaluate the thrown error. Ideal to write negative test cases.
  • UITests property isHittable ensures that an element exists, is on the screen and you can interact with it
  • Test Plans
    • allow running tests more than once with different settings
    • defines all testing variants in one place
    • can be shared between multiple schemes
    • supported in Xcode and xcodebuild for CI Xcode Server
  • Test Plans let you specify the following by using Configurations
    • language, region, user location, automatic screenshots, localization screenshots, execution order, code coverage, sanitizers, API checking, memory management options, arguments and environment variables
  • Test Configuration represents a single run of your tests with certain set of options
  • Shared Settings are inherited by all test configurations
  • Localization Screenshots for preserving all screenshots from all runs with different localizations
  • Example Configurations With Different Focus Are No Problem Anymore: Memory Checking (Address Sanitizer + Zombie Objects), Concurrency (Thread Sanitizer, Undefined behavior Sanitizer, Random Order), Extra Diagnostics (ENABLE_LOGGING=1, Keep Attachments)
  • Xcode Server is finally usable to share test configuration between different bots. The ideal (and free) solution to test a white-labelled app with lots of targets
  • Result Bundles
    • 4 times smaller due to optimized file format
    • viewable in Xcode
    • programmatically accessible via xcresulttool
    • used to get code coverage diff via xccov diff --json Before.xcresult After.xcresult

Advances in Networking, Part 1

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/712

  • Low Data Mode enables configuration per wi-fi and cellular network how expensive the connection is
    • delays discretionary tasks
    • disables background app refresh
    • apps have to adopt to it by reduce image quality (symbols vs. images), reduce prefetching, synchronize less often, mark background tasks as discretionary, disable auto-play, don't block user-initiated work
    • first try expensive prefetch by allowConstrainedNetworkAccess = false. On failure error.networkUnavailableReason == .constrained try low data alternative
    • URLSession.allowExpensiveNetworkAccess
    • never check for connection type rather check if the connection is expensive or constrained
  • DataTaskPublisher uses Combine framework in URLSession. Useful to achieve the following in asynchronous networking:
    • get rid of capturing self in completion handlers
    • avoid duplicate network code like checking for status code
    • achieve retry operation in just one line - since network operations are expensive: low retry count
    • Pretty nice example of generic low-data-mode adaptivePublisher at minute 26:07
  • WebSocket
    • Advantages
      • bi-directional connection over TLS/TCP connection
      • works with firewalls / CDNs
      • proxy support
    • URLWebSocketTask is exciting simple! Example at 31:32
      • NWConnection / NWListener offers client/server support for partial or complete WebSocket messages
  • Mobility Improvements never turn off Wi-Fi anymore when walking off home with slowly fading connection
    • Improved Wi-Fi Assit: Cross-Layer Mobility Detection from all Frameworks (Network.framework, URLSession, Wi-Fi, Cellular)
    • Apps can adopt Multipath Transport which requires the server to do so too
    • High-Level APIs URLSession / Network gain benefits from improvements

Advances in Networking, Part 2

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/713

  • Bonjour available on EVERY native platform
    • powers wide-area service discovery
    • native browser support in Network framework via NWBrowser (discover)
    • NWListener provides advertising support
    • NWConnection handles the connection
  • Building Framing Protocols
    • Developers can write their own framing protocol that runs in the same networking thread as TCP
    • encapsulate or encode application messages
    • used to write common code across TCP/UDP transports
  • Collecting Metrics more metrics for URLSession and newly created ones for Network
  • Optimistic DNS enabled by default and improves performance for answers with short time-to-live
  • Request and Response Metrics extended
    • byte counts, packet counts, round-trip-times
    • start and end reports to correspond to application activity
    • multiple reports simultaneously
    • per-path breakdown for multi-path protocols
  • iPad Apps For Mac opt-in to allow incoming connections - outgoing on by default
  • CNCopyCurrentNetworkInfo needs capability Access Wi Fi Information & must meet at least 1 of:
    • permission to location
    • VPN enabled
    • if app is hotspot configurator it can access the info for networks it configured
  • Never switch on the current network device but rather do:
    • allowsExpensiveNetworkAccess = false
    • waitsForConnectivity = true
    • taskIsWaitingForConnectivity delegate is called where you can switch to cellular data
  • Deprecations
    • PAC files for schemes file:https:// and ftp:https://
    • SPDY replaced by HTTP/2
    • Secure transport doesn't support TLS 1.3 / Use URLSession / Network.framework instead

Getting Started with Xcode

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/404

  • 1h presentation about all the power Xcode offers
  • You learn about all the UI elements and functionality of Xcode
    • how to compile
    • fix issues in SwiftUI
    • add capabilities
    • create Swift Packages
    • how to add dependencies via Swift Package Manager
    • unit testing
    • target memberships
    • running and debugging
    • documentation
    • and many more...
  • It is perfectly suited for new developers that have never worked with Xcode, but also for experienced ones to get to know the new UI of Xcode 11

Modernizing Your UI for iOS 13

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/224

  • Deprecation of LaunchImages use Launch Storyboards instead
  • New App Store Requirement Any app linking to iOS 13 must ensure correct layout at any size
  • Split Screen Multitasking is required for iPad Apps
  • UINavigationBarAppearance customize .standardAppearance (iPhone portrait), .compactAppearance (iPhone landscape), .scrollEdgeAppearance (if attached to scrollView and scrolled to top, bar uses this one)
    • settable per navigationItem so customization per view controller possible (including color, transparency, …) let appearance = navigationBar.standardAppearance.copy() /* configuration */ navigationItem.standardAppearance = appearance
  • UIBarButtonAppearance, UIToolBarAppearance
  • UITabBarAppearance customize .stackedLayoutAppearance (text below icon), .inlineLayoutAppearance (text right to icon; iPads), .compactInlineLayoutAppearance (text right to icon; landscape; smaller phones)
  • UIModalPresentationStyle.[automatic | formSheet | pageSheet] are able to stack behind each other
    • .automatic is the new default; gets resolved at presentation time
    • get the old behavior by viewController.modalPresentationStyle = .fullScreen
    • sheets get gesture recognizer added automatically to support pull-to-dismiss - opt-out possible (see link in description for example project)
    • Appearance Callbacks Not Called for .PageSheet and .FormSheet on presentingViewController: viewWillAppear, viewDisappear, viewWillDisappear, viewDidDisappear
  • Search UI
    • offers possibility to hide cancel button and scope control
    • expose UISearchTextField on UISearchBar so customization becomes possible
    • Search Tokens that represent complex searches
      • are copy&pastable and support drag&drop
      • can be created by user/developer from selected text in UISearchTextField
  • UITextInteraction the new & easy way to control selection UI
  • Multi Selection in Table-/Collection Views simply by Two-Finger-Swipe
    • opt-in by implementing only 1 new delegate method for Tables and Collections
  • New Editing Gestures
    • pinch 3 fingers in: copy selected text
    • pinch 3 fingers out paste copied text
    • 3 finger tap || 3 finger swipe back undo
    • 3 finger swipe forward redo
    • opt out by responder.editingInteractionConfiguration = .none
  • UIContextMenuInteraction context menus with rich preview, nested menus, in-line sections
    • transform to context menus on macOS
    • UIMenu & UIInteraction provide hierarchical menu construction system
    • adopt by view.addInteraction(UIContextMenuInteraction(delegate: self))
    • customize how view and menu will be presented: UITargetedPreview & UITargetedDragPreview
    • convenience delegate methods for context menus on UITableView & UICollectionView
    • UIViewControllerPreviewing (peek & pop) is deprecated for sake of this new API
    • replace long-press driven behavior/menus by this new API

What's New in Safari

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/515

  • Desktop-class website browsing
  • Legacy Safari Extension Support dropped for sake of Content Blockers, Share Extensions, Safari App Extensions
  • Safari Extensions
    • deliver bundles with app OR after notarization via web site
    • Get the visible content of the web page (screenshot)
    • show and dismiss popovers
    • delegate informs about navigating/redirect to new site
  • Content Blocker
    • associate content blocker with Safari Extension to get notified when content is blocked
  • Universal Links for macOS so ordinary https links open app if installed

What's New in Safari Extensions

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/720

  • Distributable via
    • App on App Store (show up immediately in Safari)
    • App on your web site after running through the notarization service (show up in Safari after first launch of the app)
  • Unsigned Extensions must be allowed each time Safari is run from the Developer menu
  • ContentBlocker can now tell Safari App Extensions bout its activity
  • Page Navigation Delegate informs about navigating/redirect to new site
  • Adopting ContentBlocker and PageNavigation extensions allows
    • replacing arbitrary content on websites
    • updating toolbar icon badge, e.g. with content items blocked count
    • blocking certain content from web sites you browse on
  • Screenshots of web sites are now possible
  • Tab, Window, Page management
    • Get base URI from native code without injection of script
    • Directly navigate to certain tabs without scripting from the extension
    • All open tabs and windows are visible from an extension
  • Popovers can be shown/dismissed programmatically
  • Communication between App and Extension
    • Possible by NSXPCConnection (extension and app must be part of the same app group)
    • Share data by using UserDefaults(suiteName:)
    • Sending messages from app >>> extension: SFSafariApplication.dispatchMessage
    • Receive message in extension by implementing SFSafariExtensionHandling.messageReceivedFromContainingApp (Possible also when safari is not running - launched eventually)

Designing Audio-Haptic Experiences

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/810

  • Core Haptics allows to use taptic engine fully in iPhone
  • Developers can change the Haptic Intensity and the Haptic Sharpness
  • 3 Guiding principles: Causality, Harmony, Utility
  • Causality means that haptic feedback and the event causing it must match our expectations
  • Harmony means how sound/haptic/visuals work together
  • Utility add audio/haptics that provide clear value to your UX
  • Work with Primitives Transient (short) and Continuous (long)
    • both can be modulated by haptic intensity/sharpness which work different with the 2 primitives
  • use transient building blocks for sharp, crisp and short sounds
  • use continuous primitives for smooth, extended sounds

Introducing Core Haptics

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/520

  • Event based audio-/haptic rendering API - a synthesizer
  • same feel on iPhone 8, 8 Plus, X, XS, XR, XS Max
  • Not a replacement for UIFeedbackGenerator! Continue using it for impact, selection and notification
  • Use Core Haptics for custom haptics and audio patterns
  • Content Classes: CHHapticPattern, CHHapticEvengt, CHHapticParameter
  • Playback Classes: CHHapticEngine, CHHapticPatternPlayer, CHHapticAdvancedPatternPlayer
  • Haptics can be coded inside the app or delivered as AHAP (Apple Haptic Audio Pattern) resource file
    • AHAP describes pattern as text
    • schema for JSON
    • Can use Swift Codable
    • Separate content from code
  • Read more at the updated Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) for haptics

Expanding the Sensory Experience with Core Haptics

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/223

Cryptography and Your Apps

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/709

  • Cryptography is hard to get right don't do it yourself unless you are an cryptography expert
  • Use Data Protection to protect your data on the device: try data.write(to: fileURL, options: .completeFileProtection) if you don't do so yet
  • Use Keychain for Credentials and Keys. Never write them to the UserDefaults!
  • Apple Watch can now be used to authenticate operations done on macOS
  • Use CloudKit to share data across devices/users by encrypting assets in private CK DB
  • Use TLS 1.3 (Transport Layer Security) to ensure a secure network connection. Usage is ensured by using Network.framework or URLSession
  • Use SecTrust to verify remote parties.
  • Adopt CryptoKit
    • AES encryption inn just one line
    • strongly typed interfaces
    • memory management
    • equatable conformances
    • generics
    • Hash Functions (SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512), Symmetric Key Cryptography (HMAC, AES-GCM), Public-Key Cryptography (Curve25519: P-256, P-384, P-512), Insecure Module (MD5, SHA1)
  • Using a signature to authorize an operation: try P256.Signing.PrivateKey()
  • Constrain key usage by generating them with the SecureEnclave, e.g. only usable when unlocked try SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey(accessControl:)
  • Customizing Authentication Context with LAContext: try SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey(accessControl:authenticationContext:)
  • Performant through usage of CoreCrypto, hand-tuned assembly code and usage of the A12 Bionic

All About Notarization

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/703

  • I highly recommend watching this session if you ever run into any problems regarding notarization since this is a complex topic and this video is packed of useful examples
  • Notarization identifies and blocks malicious software prior to distribution. It is NOT an App Review!
  • comes on top of your Developer ID - no new registration
  • Notary Service performs automated security checks
  • Process Local Development > Distribution Signing > Notarization Attachment > Distribution via Website
  • On App Download the Notarization attached to your app is checked by Notarization Service. Gatekeeper permits/denies installation.
  • Benefits
    • prevents the developer from shipping a malicious dependency
    • apps with the hardened runtime are more secure by default
    • users are ore likely to try and download new software
    • audit trail of software notarized by your Developer ID account
  • Software signed on or after June 1, 2019 must adopt
    • complete and correct signing
    • the hardened runtime
  • Complete and Correct Signing involves
    • signing everything (Bundles, Mach-Os, Installer packages) with your Developer ID Application Certificate and include a secure timestamp
    • Executables must opt-in the hardened runtime
    • Sign Installer Packages with Your Developer ID Installer Certificate
    • Sign Disk images with Application Certificate and include secure timestamp
    • Enable Xcode Automatic Codesigning - it does it for you
  • Hardened Runtime extends macOS system integrity protection features to your apps
    • Runtime code signing enforcement
      • configurable via entitlements
      • Adopt via codesign --sign "Developer ID" --timestamp --options runtime My.app
      • Verify via codesign --display --verbose=2 My.app and make sure runtime is printed next to flags
      • Look into 12:04 for detailed description
      • Look into 12:41 if your app crashes because you use JIT
      • Look into 13:54 if your app crashes because you patch system frameworks - don't do this
      • If your app crashes on auto-update: create a new file when you update a signed file
    • Library Validation
      • protects your app from code injection and dylibs hijacking
      • prevents loading unsigned or adhoc-signed code
      • Detailed solutions for common issues can be fount at 16:00, e.g. App loads plugins from other devs in-process,
    • DYLD Variable Environment Protection
      • can inject libs and modify framework and lib search path - useful for testing
      • Blocks DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH, DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES, DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH by default
      • Don't use DYLD environment variables when shipping to customers
      • You can use com.apple.security.get-task-allow entitlement during debug build
    • Debugging Protection
      • disables debugging hardened processes by default
      • You can use com.apple.security.get-task-allow entitlement during debug build to get around this - Xcode does it automatically
    • Protected Resource Access
      • App needs to declare its intent to access protected resources, e.g. location, photos, contacts, ...
      • settable via entitlements - see 20:46
    • Use only entitlements really needed
    • Set those entitlements only for processes that need them
    • Set resource-access entitlements only on main bundle; get inherited by other bundles
  • Notarization can be done easily via the Archive menu from within Xcode
  • xcrun altool --notarize-app ... to submit an app via command line and check via xcrun altool --notarization-info <request_id_from_submission> … for the current status
  • Use xcrun altool --notarization-history … to get on overview of all the software submitted on your account

Introducing Multi-Camera Capture for iOS

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/249

  • Supported on iPhone XS, XS Max, XR, iPad Pro 3rd Gen
  • AVCaptureMultiCamSession
    • Multiple AVCaptureDeiceInputs, AVCaptureDeiceOutputs of the same type, AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayers
    • Don't use implicit connection forming but use addInputWithNoConnections, addOutputWithNoConnections or AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer.setSessionWithNoConnection
  • AVCaptureSession is still the way to got for single cam session
    • Simultaneous photo shooting, movie recording, barcode scanning, etc.
  • Limitiations
    • only one input per camera in a session
    • connecting one camera to multiple video data outouts is not possible
    • no presets supported on session since different cams might run with different qualities
    • multi-cam session has hardwareCost reporting. Session runnable when 0 <= cost <= 1
    • lower cost by lower resolution, choose binned format, deviceInput.videoMinFrameDurationOverride = CMTimeMake(1, 30) to set max framrate override /* 30 FPS */
    • lower system pressure like temperature, power demands, infrared projector temperature by
      • lowering frame rates, throttle GPU/CPU processing code, disable one camera
    • run indefinitely with multiSession.systemPressureCost < 1.0; device shutdown with cost > 3.0
    • iOS can run only one session at a time (with mutli cams though)
  • Virtual Camera is the new name wor software cameras like True-Tone- or Dual-Camera
  • device.isVirtualDevice - get its physical devices by device.constituentDevices for e.g. synchronized camera streaming
  • AVCaptureDataOutputSynchronizer ensures you get two outputs in one callback
  • virtual devices have secret ports so you can get 2 streams - you need to explicitly query them
  • Dual Camera Hography Aids
    • CameraIntrinsics (Optical center / focal length) and CameraExtrinsics (rotation matrix / translation vector for both wide- and tele cameras)
  • Multi-Microphone capture
    • By default front cam uses front mic and back cam uses back mic
    • actually front mic and back mic are a lie since different devices have multiple mics but not explicitly fron/back ones. This is achieved by Microphone Beam Forming - done automatically by CoreAudio micInput.ports(for: .audio, sourceDeviceType: micDevice.deviceType, sourceDevicePosition: .front).first
    • Beam forming only works with built-in mics
    • audio can be arbitrarily configured by creating custom AVAudioSession

What's New in iOS Design

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/808

  • Dark Mode
    • all apps should support Dark Mode
    • adopt iOS design system to maintain familarity, provide platform consistency, convey clear information hierarchy
    • always use semantic colors like backgroundColor, highlightColor, ... instead of red, green, ...
    • color hierarchy: Title > Subtitle > Placeholder > Disabled Text
    • color hierarchy naming: background, secondaryBackground, tertiaryBackground, quaternaryBackground, ...
    • don't just use color inversion between light/dark mode
    • avoid alpha values since it might look broken when different colors overlap
    • check colors with online contrast calculator should give 4.5...1 or higher
    • layered interfaces should use drop shadow in light / elevated bg color in dark mode
    • all controls are drawn with semantic colors - perfectly blend between light/dark
  • Card Style modal presentation style
    • default - opt-out by viewController.modalPresentationStyle = .fullScreen
    • pull-down to dismiss (can be prevented when there is a mandatory decision in the modal)
    • Modals are for switching modes. Don't use them because you like the animation
  • Contextual Menus
    • activate by tap & hold
    • puts the focus on actions not on the preview (like peek & pop)
    • available on any device since it doesn't rely on force touch
    • consist on a list of actions and an optional previews
    • all actions should be available somewhere else in the UI. Don't rely on the fact that users discover your menu.

Implementing Dark Mode on iOS

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/214

  • Use Semantic Colors from now on! They are actually color independent. Name stays the same in light/dark mode.
  • Color can have different appearances light/dark
  • Asset Catalog lets you easily customize colors and imagesfor light/dark
  • New Set of Dynamic Colors automatically switch between light/dark versions
  • New Materials are more than colors. Can include blur effect.
  • Auto-Updating Materials by UIBlurEffect(style: .systemThinMaterial) and UIVibrancyEffect(blurEffect: blur, style: .secondaryLabel)
  • Static Color by dynamicColor.resolvedColor(with: traitCollection)
  • Initilize Dynamic UIColor by UIColor(dynamicProvider: (UITraitCollection) -> UIColor) and switch traitCollection.userInterfaceStyle {}
  • CALayer won't understand dynamic colors - you need to do this manually
  • Create Dynamic Images with UIImageAsset.registerImage:withTraitCollection
  • Check for Changes In Trait Collection with override func traitCollectionDidChange(_:) use traitCollection.hasDifferentColorAppearance(comparedTo: previousTraitCollection)
  • Traits predicted during Initialization traitCollectionDidChange(_:) only called for changes
  • Debugging with launch argument UITraitCollectionChangeLoggingEnabled=YES
  • Override Specific UI by UIViewController./UIView.overrideUserInterfaceStyle: UserInterfaceStyle
  • Complete App [light|dark] with Info.plist.UIUserInterfaceStyle=[Light|Dark]
  • var overrideTraitCollection: UITraitCollection? on UIPresentationController
  • func setOverrideTraitCollection(_: UITraitCollection?, forChild: UIViewController) on UIViewController
  • UIStatusBarStyle.[default(automatic)|light|dark]
  • UIActivityIndicatorView styles deprecated Use .style = [.medium|.large] and .color.
  • Use NSAttributedString always with dynamic .foregroundColor to have the auto-switching effect
  • iOS/tvOS apps built using iOS/tvOS 13 SDK supposed to support Dark Mode

What's New in Universal Links

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/717

  • macOS 10.15 supports Universal Links with AppKit / UIKit
  • Securely associated between your app & website
  • recommended over custom URL schemes
  • Webserver Config
    • HTTPS certificate mandatory. Custom root certificates not supported
    • Add the file at https://yourDomain.com/.well-known/apple-app-site-association
    • URLs and pattern matching are ASCII
  • App Config
    • add Associated Domains capability and add applinks:www.example.com entries (patterns possible - specific subdomains prioritized)
    • userActivity.activityType == NSUserActivityTypeBrowsingWeb in func application(_ application: UIApplication, continue userActivity: NSUserActivity, ...) indicates Universal Link
    • get URL components URLComponents(url: userActivity.webpageURL, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true)
  • For macOS Apps
    • app must be on local volume
    • App Store distribution recommended
    • Developer ID signed apps must be launched first

Advances in Speech Recognition

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/256

  • Support for macOS with 50+ languages which requires privacy approval from the user and Siri to be enabled.

  • On-device speech recognition, speech is private, stays on-device, network connection not required and no cellular data consumed. To utillise on-device learning set requiresOnDeviceRecognition on SFSpeechRecognitionRequest to true.

  • On-device limitations with lower accuracy than the server and reduced set of available languages (English, Spanish, Italian, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Turkish and Chinese).

  • On-device support includes devices with an A9 chip and above and all mac devices.

  • Server accuracy is higher in comparison to on-device recognition but is limited to 1 minute max audio duration with a limited number of requests per day.

  • Results from Transcription include alternative interpretations, confidence level and timing information. New parameters include speaking rate, average pause duration and voice analytics.

  • Voice Analytics Features include:

    • Jitter – Measures variation in pitch
    • Shimmer – Measures variations in amplitude
    • Pitch – Measures frequency characteristics of voice
    • Voicing – Identifies voiced regions in speech

Optimizing App Launch

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/423

  • Cold Launch (slow) > Warm Launch (medium) > Resume (fastest)
  • iOS13 caches runtime dependencies to improve warm launch
  • Measure LaunchTime in clean environment
    • Reboot and let system settle 2-3 min
    • Enable airplane mode or mock network
    • Log out from iCloud
    • Use release build of your app
    • Measure warm launches
  • Improve Launch
    • Target for startup time ~400ms
    • Defer work unrelated to first frame
    • Move blocking work off main thread
    • Reduce memory usage
    • Choose the right quality of service for tasks
    • Optimize algorithms & data structures
    • Cache resources and computations
    • Flatten View Hierarchies
    • Reduce Autolayout Constraint Count
    • Initialize your view controllers in scene:willConnectToSession:options: when adopted UISceneDelegate
    • Minimize work in UIApplication/UIApplicationDelegate subclass or move it to another thread
    • Avoid linking unused frameworks and Dynamic Library Loading during launch
    • Hard-link all your dependencies
    • Expose dedicated init API in frameworks
    • Reduce impact to launch by avoiding +[Class load]
    • Use +[Class initialize] to lazily conduct static init
  • New App Launch Template of instruments to measure launch time
    • Select profile scheme (long press button) to install release-mode app
    • Hitting the record button in instruments launches your app
    • Allows you to analyze each pase of app launch (finds problems with static class initializers, blocking code in app delegate)
  • Use XCTest performance tests to measure app launch time regularly. measure(metrics: [XCTOSSignpostMetric.applicationLaunch], options:block:)
  • Monitor Customer Launches in Xcode Organizer
  • Custom power/performance metrics by adopting MetricKit

Accessibility Inspector

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/257

  • Helps find and fix accessibility issues
  • Open via Xcode > Open Developer Tool > Accessibility Inspector and run an audit to find possible issues
  • AccessibilityLabel should be set to meaningful and localized string
  • Contrast Debugging useful if ratio between foreground & background is not sufficient
  • Open Color Contrast Calculator in Accessibility Inspector via Window > Show Color Contrast Calculator

Visual Design and Accessibility

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/244

  • Dynamic Type
    • make as much text as possible dynamic
    • use as much of the screen width as possible
    • don't truncate text
    • scale glyphs (icons/images) next to your text with your text
    • iOS provides 11 text styles
    • custom font support made easier in iOS 11
  • Reduce Motion
    • adapt animations if UIAccessibility.isReduceMotionEnabled == true (there is a notification too)
    • consider disabling autoplaying videos if UIAccessibility.isVideoAutoplayEnabled == false (there is a notification too)
  • Differentiate Without Color is new in iOS13
    • do not rely on color alone
    • add additional indicators (icons) where color is the only way to convey information if UIAccessibility.shouldDifferentiateWithoutColor == true (there is a notification too)

HLS Authoring for AirPlay 2 Video

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/507

  • AirPlay directly built into TVs
  • Video Requirements
    • sync variants
    • avoid changes at discontinuities
    • full range of variants for each codec
    • 10% partial encryption
    • provide compatible format: HDR content with only HDR formats, WebVTT for subtitles, use recommended MIME types
  • Cahnges to Validation
    • HLS validation by mediastreamvalidator & hlsreport.py
    • always use both validation tools
    • HLSReport now checks all rule-sets by default

AUv3 Extensions User Presets

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/509

  • Presets fine-tunes set of parameter values
  • Capture Snapshot of state of Audio Unit's parameters
  • Loading preset restores Audio Unit to same state
  • AUAudioUnit.factoryPresets built into the unit by manufacturer. Immutable.
  • AUAudioUnit.userPresets are new and are created by user. Mutable. Unit exposes them to all host applications.
  • supportsUserPreset: Bool used to verify support by the host
  • saveUserPreset(_:) & deleteUserPreset(_:)
  • presetState(for:) throws -> [String : Any] to get state.
  • isLoadedInProcess: Bool is a macOS only feature
  • Methods above have default implementations. Can be overridden.

Game Center Player Identifiers

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc19/615

  • GKLocalPlayer represents authenticated player. Has persistent teamPlayerID & gamePlayerID
  • GKPlayer provides info about other players. Uses scoped IDs
  • Scoped IDs teamplayerID and gamePlayerID
    • properties on GKPlayer
    • increase player privacy
    • replace the playerID (has been deprecated) with scoped IDs (save game data / backend)
    • perform conversion after next authentication
    • teamPlayerID scoped to development team
    • gamePlayerID scoped to game
  • loadPlayersForIdentifiers:withCompletionHandler:

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