[FLINK-28416][table] Add (Async)LookupFunction and providers in replace of (Async)TableFunction as the API for lookup table

[PatrickRen]

What is the purpose of the change

This pull request introduces new interfaces in replace of the original TableFunction and its provider for lookup table, including:

• LookupFunction
• AsyncLookupFunction
• LookupFunctionProvider
• AsyncLookupFunctionProvider

Also mark TableFunctionProvider and AsyncTableFunctionProvider as deprecated.

Brief change log

• Add (Async)LookupFunction interface and provider interfaces
• Mark (Async)TableFunctionProvider as deprecated

Verifying this change

This PR only creates new and marks deprecated interfaces, which does not require test cases.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (JavaDocs)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 337bb99 Azure: SUCCESS

Bot commands

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• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build

[lincoln-lil]

@PatrickRen thanks for your contribution！The pr looks good to me, I've left
some comments here, PTAL.

[PatrickRen]

@lincoln-lil Thanks for the review! I've addressed your comments in the latest commit. Please take a look when you are available.

[lincoln-lil]

Thanks for your updates @PatrickRen
LGTM! +1