Implementation of DALL-E 2, OpenAI's updated text-to-image synthesis neural network, in Pytorch.
Yannic Kilcher summary | AssemblyAI explainer
The main novelty seems to be an extra layer of indirection with the prior network (whether it is an autoregressive transformer or a diffusion network), which predicts an image embedding based on the text embedding from CLIP. Specifically, this repository will only build out the diffusion prior network, as it is the best performing variant (but which incidentally involves a causal transformer as the denoising network 😂)
This model is SOTA for text-to-image for now.
Please join if you are interested in helping out with the replication
There was enough interest for a Jax version. I will also eventually extend this to text to video, once the repository is in a good place.
$ pip install dalle2-pytorchTo train DALLE-2 is a 3 step process, with the training of CLIP being the most important
To train CLIP, you can either use x-clip package, or join the LAION discord, where a lot of replication efforts are already underway.
This repository will demonstrate integration with x-clip for starters
import torch
from dalle2_pytorch import CLIP
clip = CLIP(
dim_text = 512,
dim_image = 512,
dim_latent = 512,
num_text_tokens = 49408,
text_enc_depth = 1,
text_seq_len = 256,
text_heads = 8,
visual_enc_depth = 1,
visual_image_size = 256,
visual_patch_size = 32,
visual_heads = 8,
use_all_token_embeds = True, # whether to use fine-grained contrastive learning (FILIP)
decoupled_contrastive_learning = True, # use decoupled contrastive learning (DCL) objective function, removing positive pairs from the denominator of the InfoNCE loss (CLOOB + DCL)
extra_latent_projection = True, # whether to use separate projections for text-to-image vs image-to-text comparisons (CLOOB)
use_visual_ssl = True, # whether to do self supervised learning on iages
visual_ssl_type = 'simclr', # can be either 'simclr' or 'simsiam', depending on using DeCLIP or SLIP
use_mlm = False, # use masked language learning (MLM) on text (DeCLIP)
text_ssl_loss_weight = 0.05, # weight for text MLM loss
image_ssl_loss_weight = 0.05 # weight for image self-supervised learning loss
).cuda()
# mock data
text = torch.randint(0, 49408, (4, 256)).cuda()
images = torch.randn(4, 3, 256, 256).cuda()
# train
loss = clip(
text,
images,
return_loss = True # needs to be set to True to return contrastive loss
)
loss.backward()
# do the above with as many texts and images as possible in a loopThen, you will need to train the decoder, which learns to generate images based on the image embedding coming from the trained CLIP above
import torch
from dalle2_pytorch import Unet, Decoder, CLIP
# trained clip from step 1
clip = CLIP(
dim_text = 512,
dim_image = 512,
dim_latent = 512,
num_text_tokens = 49408,
text_enc_depth = 1,
text_seq_len = 256,
text_heads = 8,
visual_enc_depth = 1,
visual_image_size = 256,
visual_patch_size = 32,
visual_heads = 8
).cuda()
# unet for the decoder
unet = Unet(
dim = 128,
image_embed_dim = 512,
cond_dim = 128,
channels = 3,
dim_mults=(1, 2, 4, 8)
).cuda()
# decoder, which contains the unet and clip
decoder = Decoder(
unet = unet,
clip = clip,
timesteps = 100,
cond_drop_prob = 0.2
).cuda()
# mock images (get a lot of this)
images = torch.randn(4, 3, 256, 256).cuda()
# feed images into decoder
loss = decoder(images)
loss.backward()
# do the above for many many many many steps
# then it will learn to generate images based on the CLIP image embeddingsFinally, the main contribution of the paper. The repository offers the diffusion prior network. It takes the CLIP text embeddings and tries to generate the CLIP image embeddings. Again, you will need the trained CLIP from the first step
import torch
from dalle2_pytorch import DiffusionPriorNetwork, DiffusionPrior, CLIP
# get trained CLIP from step one
clip = CLIP(
dim_text = 512,
dim_image = 512,
dim_latent = 512,
num_text_tokens = 49408,
text_enc_depth = 6,
text_seq_len = 256,
text_heads = 8,
visual_enc_depth = 6,
visual_image_size = 256,
visual_patch_size = 32,
visual_heads = 8,
).cuda()
# setup prior network, which contains an autoregressive transformer
prior_network = DiffusionPriorNetwork(
dim = 512,
depth = 6,
dim_head = 64,
heads = 8
).cuda()
# diffusion prior network, which contains the CLIP and network (with transformer) above
diffusion_prior = DiffusionPrior(
net = prior_network,
clip = clip,
timesteps = 100,
cond_drop_prob = 0.2
).cuda()
# mock data
text = torch.randint(0, 49408, (4, 256)).cuda()
images = torch.randn(4, 3, 256, 256).cuda()
# feed text and images into diffusion prior network
loss = diffusion_prior(text, images)
loss.backward()
# do the above for many many many steps
# now the diffusion prior can generate image embeddings from the text embeddingsIn the paper, they actually used a recently discovered technique, from Jonathan Ho himself (original author of DDPMs, the core technique used in DALL-E v2) for high resolution image synthesis.
This can easily be used within this framework as so
import torch
from dalle2_pytorch import Unet, Decoder, CLIP
# trained clip from step 1
clip = CLIP(
dim_text = 512,
dim_image = 512,
dim_latent = 512,
num_text_tokens = 49408,
text_enc_depth = 6,
text_seq_len = 256,
text_heads = 8,
visual_enc_depth = 6,
visual_image_size = 256,
visual_patch_size = 32,
visual_heads = 8
).cuda()
# 2 unets for the decoder (a la cascading DDPM)
unet1 = Unet(
dim = 32,
image_embed_dim = 512,
cond_dim = 128,
channels = 3,
dim_mults = (1, 2, 4, 8)
).cuda()
unet2 = Unet(
dim = 32,
image_embed_dim = 512,
cond_dim = 128,
channels = 3,
dim_mults = (1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
).cuda()
# decoder, which contains the unet(s) and clip
decoder = Decoder(
clip = clip,
unet = (unet1, unet2), # insert both unets in order of low resolution to highest resolution (you can have as many stages as you want here)
image_sizes = (256, 512), # resolutions, 256 for first unet, 512 for second. these must be unique and in ascending order (matches with the unets passed in)
timesteps = 1000,
cond_drop_prob = 0.2
).cuda()
# mock images (get a lot of this)
images = torch.randn(4, 3, 512, 512).cuda()
# feed images into decoder, specifying which unet you want to train
# each unet can be trained separately, which is one of the benefits of the cascading DDPM scheme
loss = decoder(images, unet_number = 1)
loss.backward()
loss = decoder(images, unet_number = 2)
loss.backward()
# do the above for many steps for both unetsFinally, to generate the DALL-E2 images from text. Insert the trained DiffusionPrior as well as the Decoder (which wraps CLIP, the causal transformer, and unet(s))
from dalle2_pytorch import DALLE2
dalle2 = DALLE2(
prior = diffusion_prior,
decoder = decoder
)
# send the text as a string if you want to use the simple tokenizer from DALLE v1
# or you can do it as token ids, if you have your own tokenizer
texts = ['glistening morning dew on a flower petal']
images = dalle2(texts) # (1, 3, 256, 256)That's it!
Let's see the whole script below
import torch
from dalle2_pytorch import DALLE2, DiffusionPriorNetwork, DiffusionPrior, Unet, Decoder, CLIP
clip = CLIP(
dim_text = 512,
dim_image = 512,
dim_latent = 512,
num_text_tokens = 49408,
text_enc_depth = 6,
text_seq_len = 256,
text_heads = 8,
visual_enc_depth = 6,
visual_image_size = 256,
visual_patch_size = 32,
visual_heads = 8
).cuda()
# mock data
text = torch.randint(0, 49408, (4, 256)).cuda()
images = torch.randn(4, 3, 256, 256).cuda()
# train
loss = clip(
text,
images,
return_loss = True
)
loss.backward()
# do above for many steps ...
# prior networks (with transformer)
prior_network = DiffusionPriorNetwork(
dim = 512,
depth = 6,
dim_head = 64,
heads = 8
).cuda()
diffusion_prior = DiffusionPrior(
net = prior_network,
clip = clip,
timesteps = 100,
cond_drop_prob = 0.2
).cuda()
loss = diffusion_prior(text, images)
loss.backward()
# do above for many steps ...
# decoder (with unet)
unet1 = Unet(
dim = 128,
image_embed_dim = 512,
cond_dim = 128,
channels = 3,
dim_mults=(1, 2, 4, 8)
).cuda()
unet2 = Unet(
dim = 16,
image_embed_dim = 512,
cond_dim = 128,
channels = 3,
dim_mults = (1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
).cuda()
decoder = Decoder(
unet = (unet1, unet2),
image_sizes = (128, 256),
clip = clip,
timesteps = 100,
cond_drop_prob = 0.2
).cuda()
for unet_number in (1, 2):
loss = decoder(images, unet_number = unet_number) # this can optionally be decoder(images, text) if you wish to condition on the text encodings as well, though it was hinted in the paper it didn't do much
loss.backward()
# do above for many steps
dalle2 = DALLE2(
prior = diffusion_prior,
decoder = decoder
)
images = dalle2(
['cute puppy chasing after a squirrel'],
cond_scale = 2. # classifier free guidance strength (> 1 would strengthen the condition)
)
# save your image (in this example, of size 256x256)Everything in this readme should run without error
You can also train the decoder on images of greater than the size (say 512x512) at which CLIP was trained (256x256). The images will be resized to CLIP image resolution for the image embeddings
For the layperson, no worries, training will all be automated into a CLI tool, at least for small scale training.
This repository decides to take the next step and offer DALL-E2 combined with latent diffusion, from Rombach et al.
You can use it as follows. Latent diffusion can be limited to just the first U-Net in the cascade, or to any number you wish.
import torch
from dalle2_pytorch import Unet, Decoder, CLIP, VQGanVAE
# trained clip from step 1
clip = CLIP(
dim_text = 512,
dim_image = 512,
dim_latent = 512,
num_text_tokens = 49408,
text_enc_depth = 1,
text_seq_len = 256,
text_heads = 8,
visual_enc_depth = 1,
visual_image_size = 256,
visual_patch_size = 32,
visual_heads = 8
)
# 3 unets for the decoder (a la cascading DDPM)
# first two unets are doing latent diffusion
# vqgan-vae must be trained before hand
vae1 = VQGanVAE(
dim = 32,
image_size = 256,
layers = 3,
layer_mults = (1, 2, 4)
)
vae2 = VQGanVAE(
dim = 32,
image_size = 512,
layers = 3,
layer_mults = (1, 2, 4)
)
unet1 = Unet(
dim = 32,
image_embed_dim = 512,
cond_dim = 128,
channels = 3,
sparse_attn = True,
sparse_attn_window = 2,
dim_mults = (1, 2, 4, 8)
)
unet2 = Unet(
dim = 32,
image_embed_dim = 512,
channels = 3,
dim_mults = (1, 2, 4, 8, 16),
cond_on_image_embeds = True,
cond_on_text_encodings = False
)
unet3 = Unet(
dim = 32,
image_embed_dim = 512,
channels = 3,
dim_mults = (1, 2, 4, 8, 16),
cond_on_image_embeds = True,
cond_on_text_encodings = False,
attend_at_middle = False
)
# decoder, which contains the unet(s) and clip
decoder = Decoder(
clip = clip,
vae = (vae1, vae2), # latent diffusion for unet1 (vae1) and unet2 (vae2), but not for the last unet3
unet = (unet1, unet2, unet3), # insert unets in order of low resolution to highest resolution (you can have as many stages as you want here)
image_sizes = (256, 512, 1024), # resolutions, 256 for first unet, 512 for second, 1024 for third
timesteps = 100,
cond_drop_prob = 0.2
).cuda()
# mock images (get a lot of this)
images = torch.randn(1, 3, 1024, 1024).cuda()
# feed images into decoder, specifying which unet you want to train
# each unet can be trained separately, which is one of the benefits of the cascading DDPM scheme
with decoder.one_unet_in_gpu(1):
loss = decoder(images, unet_number = 1)
loss.backward()
with decoder.one_unet_in_gpu(2):
loss = decoder(images, unet_number = 2)
loss.backward()
with decoder.one_unet_in_gpu(3):
loss = decoder(images, unet_number = 3)
loss.backward()
# do the above for many steps for both unets
# then it will learn to generate images based on the CLIP image embeddings
# chaining the unets from lowest resolution to highest resolution (thus cascading)
mock_image_embed = torch.randn(1, 512).cuda()
images = decoder.sample(mock_image_embed) # (1, 3, 1024, 1024)Offer training wrappers
$ dream 'sharing a sunset at the summit of mount everest with my dog'Once built, images will be saved to the same directory the command is invoked
- finish off gaussian diffusion class for latent embedding - allow for prediction of epsilon
- add what was proposed in the paper, where DDPM objective for image latent embedding predicts x0 directly (reread vq-diffusion paper and get caught up on that line of work)
- make sure it works end to end to produce an output tensor, taking a single gradient step
- augment unet so that it can also be conditioned on text encodings (although in paper they hinted this didn't make much a difference)
- figure out all the current bag of tricks needed to make DDPMs great (starting with the blur trick mentioned in paper)
- build the cascading ddpm by having Decoder class manage multiple unets at different resolutions
- add efficient attention in unet
- be able to finely customize what to condition on (text, image embed) for specific unet in the cascade (super resolution ddpms near the end may not need too much conditioning)
- offload unets not being trained on to CPU for memory efficiency (for training each resolution unets separately)
- build out latent diffusion architecture, with the vq-reg variant (vqgan-vae), make it completely optional and compatible with cascading ddpms
- for decoder, allow ability to customize objective (predict epsilon vs x0), in case latent diffusion does better with prediction of x0
- spend one day cleaning up tech debt in decoder
- become an expert with unets, cleanup unet code, make it fully configurable, port all learnings over to https://github.com/lucidrains/x-unet
- copy the cascading ddpm code to a separate repo (perhaps https://github.com/lucidrains/denoising-diffusion-pytorch) as the main contribution of dalle2 really is just the prior network
- transcribe code to Jax, which lowers the activation energy for distributed training, given access to TPUs
- train on a toy task, offer in colab
- extend diffusion head to use diffusion-gan (potentially using lightweight-gan) to speed up inference
- bring in tools to train vqgan-vae
- bring in vit-vqgan https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.04627 for the latent diffusion
- experiment with https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11435 as upsampler, test in https://github.com/lucidrains/lightweight-gan first
@misc{ramesh2022,
title = {Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents},
author = {Aditya Ramesh et al},
year = {2022}
}@misc{crowson2022,
author = {Katherine Crowson},
url = {https://twitter.com/rivershavewings}
}@misc{rombach2021highresolution,
title = {High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models},
author = {Robin Rombach and Andreas Blattmann and Dominik Lorenz and Patrick Esser and Björn Ommer},
year = {2021},
eprint = {2112.10752},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
primaryClass = {cs.CV}
}@inproceedings{Liu2022ACF,
title = {A ConvNet for the 2020https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11435s},
author = {Zhuang Liu and Hanzi Mao and Chaozheng Wu and Christoph Feichtenhofer and Trevor Darrell and Saining Xie},
year = {2022}
}@inproceedings{Tu2022MaxViTMV,
title = {MaxViT: Multi-Axis Vision Transformer},
author = {Zhe-Wei Tu and Hossein Talebi and Han Zhang and Feng Yang and Peyman Milanfar and Alan Conrad Bovik and Yinxiao Li},
year = {2022}
}@article{Arar2021LearnedQF,
title = {Learned Queries for Efficient Local Attention},
author = {Moab Arar and Ariel Shamir and Amit H. Bermano},
journal = {ArXiv},
year = {2021},
volume = {abs/2112.11435}
}Creating noise from data is easy; creating data from noise is generative modeling. - Yang Song's paper