Blocks are the fundamental element of the Gutenberg editor. They are the primary way in which plugins and themes can register their own functionality and extend the capabilities of the editor. This document covers the main properties of block registration.
- Type:
Function
Every block starts by registering a new block type definition. The function registerBlockType
takes two arguments, a block name
and a block configuration object.
- Type:
String
The name for a block is a unique string that identifies a block. Names have to be structured as namespace/block-name
, where namespace is the name of your plugin or theme.
// Registering my block with a unique name
registerBlockType( 'my-plugin/book', {} );
Note: A block name can only contain lowercase alphanumeric characters and dashes, and must begin with a letter.
Note: This name is used on the comment delimiters as <!-- wp:my-plugin/book -->
. Those blocks provided by core don't include a namespace when serialized.
- Type:
Object
[{ key: value }
]
A block requires a few properties to be specified before it can be registered successfully. These are defined through a configuration object, which includes the following:
- Type:
String
This is the display title for your block, which can be translated with our translation functions. The block inserter will show this name.
// Our data object
title: __( 'Book' )
- Type:
String
This is a short description for your block, which can be translated with our translation functions. This will be shown in the block inspector.
description: __( 'Block showing a Book card.' )
- Type:
String
[ common | formatting | layout | widgets | embed ]
Blocks are grouped into categories to help users browse and discover them.
The core provided categories are:
- common
- formatting
- layout
- widgets
- embed
// Assigning to the 'widgets' category
category: 'widgets',
Plugins and Themes can also register custom block categories.
- Type:
String
|Object
An icon property should be specified to make it easier to identify a block. These can be any of WordPress' Dashicons, or a custom svg
element.
// Specifying a dashicon for the block
icon: 'book-alt',
// Specifying a custom svg for the block
icon: <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http:https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" /><path d="M19 13H5v-2h14v2z" /></svg>,
Note: Custom SVG icons are automatically wrapped in the wp.components.SVG
component to add accessibility attributes (aria-hidden
, role
, and focusable
).
An object can also be passed as icon, in this case, icon, as specified above, should be included in the src property. Besides src the object can contain background and foreground colors, this colors will appear with the icon when they are applicable e.g.: in the inserter.
icon: {
// Specifying a background color to appear with the icon e.g.: in the inserter.
background: '#7e70af',
// Specifying a color for the icon (optional: if not set, a readable color will be automatically defined)
foreground: '#fff',
// Specifying a dashicon for the block
src: 'book-alt',
} ,
- Type:
Array
Sometimes a block could have aliases that help users discover it while searching. For example, an image
block could also want to be discovered by photo
. You can do so by providing an array of terms (which can be translated). It is only allowed to add as much as three terms per block.
// Make it easier to discover a block with keyword aliases.
// These can be localised so your keywords work across locales.
keywords: [ __( 'image' ), __( 'photo' ), __( 'pics' ) ],
- Type:
Object
Attributes provide the structured data needs of a block. They can exist in different forms when they are serialized, but they are declared together under a common interface.
// Specifying my block attributes
attributes: {
cover: {
type: 'string',
source: 'attribute',
selector: 'img',
attribute: 'src',
},
author: {
source: 'html',
selector: '.book-author',
},
pages: {
type: 'number',
},
},
- See: Attributes.
- Type:
Array
Transforms provide rules for what a block can be transformed from and what it can be transformed to. A block can be transformed from another block, a shortcode, a regular expression, a file or a raw DOM node.
For example, a paragraph block can be transformed into a heading block.
{% codetabs %} {% ES5 %}
transforms: {
from: [
{
type: 'block',
blocks: [ 'core/paragraph' ],
transform: function ( content ) {
return createBlock( 'core/heading', {
content,
} );
},
},
]
},
{% ESNext %}
transforms: {
from: [
{
type: 'block',
blocks: [ 'core/paragraph' ],
transform: ( { content } ) => {
return createBlock( 'core/heading', {
content,
} );
},
},
]
},
{% end %}
An existing shortcode can be transformed into its block counterpart.
{% codetabs %} {% ES5 %}
transforms: {
from: [
{
type: 'shortcode',
// Shortcode tag can also be an array of shortcode aliases
tag: 'caption',
attributes: {
// An attribute can be source from a tag attribute in the shortcode content
url: {
type: 'string',
source: 'attribute',
attribute: 'src',
selector: 'img',
},
// An attribute can be source from the shortcode attributes
align: {
type: 'string',
shortcode: function( named ) {
var align = named.align ? named.align : 'alignnone';
return align.replace( 'align', '' );
},
},
},
},
]
},
{% ESNext %}
transforms: {
from: [
{
type: 'shortcode',
// Shortcode tag can also be an array of shortcode aliases
tag: 'caption',
attributes: {
// An attribute can be source from a tag attribute in the shortcode content
url: {
type: 'string',
source: 'attribute',
attribute: 'src',
selector: 'img',
},
// An attribute can be source from the shortcode attributes
align: {
type: 'string',
shortcode: ( { named: { align = 'alignnone' } } ) => {
return align.replace( 'align', '' );
},
},
},
},
]
},
{% end %}
A block can also be transformed into another block type. For example, a heading block can be transformed into a paragraph block.
{% codetabs %} {% ES5 %}
transforms: {
to: [
{
type: 'block',
blocks: [ 'core/paragraph' ],
transform: function( content ) {
return createBlock( 'core/paragraph', {
content,
} );
},
},
],
},
{% ESNext %}
transforms: {
to: [
{
type: 'block',
blocks: [ 'core/paragraph' ],
transform: ( { content } ) => {
return createBlock( 'core/paragraph', {
content,
} );
},
},
],
},
{% end %}
An optional isMatch
function can be specified on a transform object. This provides an opportunity to perform additional checks on whether a transform should be possible. Returning false
from this function will prevent the transform from being displayed as an option to the user.
{% codetabs %} {% ES5 %}
transforms: {
to: [
{
type: 'block',
blocks: [ 'core/paragraph' ],
isMatch: function( attribute ) {
return attributes.isText;
},
transform: function( content ) {
return createBlock( 'core/paragraph', {
content,
} );
},
},
],
},
{% ESNext %}
transforms: {
to: [
{
type: 'block',
blocks: [ 'core/paragraph' ],
isMatch: ( { isText } ) => isText,
transform: ( { content } ) => {
return createBlock( 'core/paragraph', {
content,
} );
},
},
],
},
{% end %}
To control the priority with which a transform is applied, define a priority
numeric property on your transform object, where a lower value will take precedence over higher values. This behaves much like a WordPress hook. Like hooks, the default priority is 10
when not otherwise set.
A file can be dropped into the editor and converted into a block with a matching transform.
{% codetabs %} {% ES5 %}
transforms: {
from: [
{
type: 'files',
isMatch: function ( files ) {
return files.length === 1;
},
// We define a lower priority (higher number) than the default of 10. This
// ensures that the File block is only created as a fallback.
priority: 15,
transform: function( files ) {
var file = files[ 0 ];
var blobURL = createBlobURL( file );
// File will be uploaded in componentDidMount()
return createBlock( 'core/file', {
href: blobURL,
fileName: file.name,
textLinkHref: blobURL,
} );
},
},
]
}
{% ESNext %}
transforms: {
from: [
{
type: 'files',
isMatch: ( files ) => files.length === 1,
// We define a lower priority (higher number) than the default of 10. This
// ensures that the File block is only created as a fallback.
priority: 15,
transform: ( files ) => {
const file = files[ 0 ];
const blobURL = createBlobURL( file );
// File will be uploaded in componentDidMount()
return createBlock( 'core/file', {
href: blobURL,
fileName: file.name,
textLinkHref: blobURL,
} );
},
},
]
}
{% end %}
- Type:
Array
Blocks are able to be inserted into blocks that use InnerBlocks
as nested content. Sometimes it is useful to restrict a block so that it is only available as a nested block. For example, you might want to allow an 'Add to Cart' block to only be available within a 'Product' block.
Setting parent
lets a block require that it is only available when nested within the specified blocks.
// Only allow this block when it is nested in a Columns block
parent: [ 'core/columns' ],
- Type:
Object
Optional block extended support features. The following options are supported:
align
(defaultfalse
): This property adds block controls which allow to change block's alignment. Important: It doesn't work with dynamic blocks yet.
// Add the support for block's alignment (left, center, right, wide, full).
align: true,
// Pick which alignment options to display.
align: [ 'left', 'right', 'full' ],
When supports align is used the block attributes definition is extended to include an align attribute with a string type. By default, no alignment is assigned to the block. The block can apply a default alignment by specifying its own align attribute with a default e.g.:
attributes: {
...
align: {
type: 'string',
default: 'right'
},
...
}
alignWide
(defaulttrue
): This property allows to enable wide alignment for your theme. To disable this behavior for a single block, set this flag tofalse
.
// Remove the support for wide alignment.
alignWide: false,
anchor
(defaultfalse
): Anchors let you link directly to a specific block on a page. This property adds a field to define an id for the block and a button to copy the direct link.
// Add the support for an anchor link.
anchor: true,
customClassName
(defaulttrue
): This property adds a field to define a custom className for the block's wrapper.
// Remove the support for the custom className.
customClassName: false,
className
(defaulttrue
): By default, Gutenberg adds a class with the form.wp-block-your-block-name
to the root element of your saved markup. This helps having a consistent mechanism for styling blocks that themes and plugins can rely on. If for whatever reason a class is not desired on the markup, this functionality can be disabled.
// Remove the support for the generated className.
className: false,
html
(defaulttrue
): By default, Gutenberg will allow a block's markup to be edited individually. To disable this behavior, sethtml
tofalse
.
// Remove support for an HTML mode.
html: false,
inserter
(defaulttrue
): By default, all blocks will appear in the Gutenberg inserter. To hide a block so that it can only be inserted programatically, setinserter
tofalse
.
// Hide this block from the inserter.
inserter: false,
multiple
(defaulttrue
): A non-multiple block can be inserted into each post, one time only. For example, the built-in 'More' block cannot be inserted again if it already exists in the post being edited. A non-multiple block's icon is automatically dimmed (unclickable) to prevent multiple instances.
// Use the block just once per post
multiple: false,
The edit
and save
functions define the editor interface with which a user would interact, and the markup to be serialized back when a post is saved. They are the heart of how a block operates, so they are covered separately.
Some block supports — for example, anchor
or className
— apply their attributes by adding additional props on the element returned by save
. This will work automatically for default HTML tag elements (div
, etc). However, if the return value of your save
is a custom component element, you will need to ensure that your custom component handles these props in order for the attributes to be persisted.