// Create signal from samples repeated 100 times

float[] samples = new [] { 0.5f, 0.2f, -0.3f, 1.2f, 1.6f, -1.8f, 0.3f, -0.2f };

var s = new DiscreteSignal(8000, samples).Repeat(100);

var length = s.Length;
var duration = s.Duration;

var echoSignal = s + s.Delay(50);

var marginSignal = s.First(64).Concatenate(s.Last(64));

var repeatMiddle = s[400, 500].Repeat(10);

var mean = s.Samples.Average();
var sigma = s.Samples.Average(x => (x - mean) * (x - mean));

var normSignal = s - mean;
normSignal.Attenuate(sigma);

DiscreteSignal sinusoid = 
    new SineBuilder()
        .SetParameter("frequency", 500.0/*Hz*/)
        .SetParameter("phase", Math.PI / 6)
        .OfLength(1000)
        .SampledAt(44100/*Hz*/)
        .Build();

DiscreteSignal noise = 
    new RedNoiseBuilder()
        .SetParameter("min", -2.5)
        .SetParameter("max", 2.5)
        .OfLength(800)
        .SampledAt(44100)
        .DelayedBy(200)
        .Build();

DiscreteSignal noisy = 
    new SineBuilder()
        .SetParameter("min", -10.0)
        .SetParameter("max", 10.0)
        .SetParameter("freq", 1200.0/*Hz*/)
        .OfLength(1000)
        .SampledAt(44100)
        .SuperimposedWith(noise)
        .Build();

SignalBuilder lfo = 
    new TriangleWaveBuilder()
            .SetParameter("min", 100)
            .SetParameter("max", 1500)
            .SetParameter("frequency", 2.0/*Hz*/)
            .SampledAt(16000/*Hz*/);

//while (...)
{
    var sample = lfo.NextSample();
    //...
}

WaveFile waveContainer;

// load

using (var stream = new FileStream("sample.wav", FileMode.Open))
{
    waveContainer = new WaveFile(stream);
}

DiscreteSignal left = waveContainer[Channels.Left];
DiscreteSignal right = waveContainer[Channels.Right];


// save

var waveFileOut = new WaveFile(left);

using (var stream = new FileStream("saved_mono.wav", FileMode.Create))
{
    waveFileOut.SaveTo(stream);
}

var waveFileStereo = new WaveFile(new [] { left, right });

using (var stream = new FileStream("saved_stereo.wav", FileMode.Create))
{
    waveFileStereo.SaveTo(stream);
}

// Complex FFT transformer:

var fft = new Fft(1024);

// Real FFT transformer (faster):

var rfft = new RealFft(1024);


float[] real = signal.First(1024).Samples;
float[] imag = new float [1024];

// in-place complex FFT
fft.Direct(real, imag);

// ...do something with real and imaginary parts of the spectrum...

// in-place complex IFFT
fft.Inverse(real, imag);

// post-processed FFT:

var magnitudeSpectrum = 
    fft.MagnitudeSpectrum(signal[1000, 2024]);

var powerSpectrum = 
    fft.PowerSpectrum(signal.First(1024), normalize: false);

var logPowerSpectrum = 
    fft.PowerSpectrum(signal.Last(1024))
       .Samples
       .Select(s => Scale.ToDecibel(s))
       .ToArray();


// real FFT transforms real-valued signal to complex-valued spectrum:

rfft.Direct(real, real, imag);   // real -> (real, imag)
rfft.Inverse(real, imag, real);  // (real, imag) -> real

var magnitudeSpectrum = 
    rfft.MagnitudeSpectrum(signal[1000, 2024]);

var powerSpectrum = 
    rfft.PowerSpectrum(signal.First(1024), normalize: false);

// ...

float[] spectrum = new float[1024];

for (var i = start; i < end; i += step)
{
    rfft.MagnitudeSpectrum(signal[i, i + 1024], spectrum);
    // ...
    // do something with spectrum
}

// Short-Time Fourier Transform:

var stft = new Stft(1024, 256, WindowTypes.Hamming);
var timefreq = stft.Direct(signal);
var reconstructed = stft.Inverse(timefreq);

var spectrogram = stft.Spectrogram(signal);

// Cepstral transformer:

var ct = new CepstralTransform(24, fftSize: 512);

// complex cepstrum
ct.Direct(input, output);
// or
var delay = ct.ComplexCepstrum(input, output);

// real cepstrum
ct.RealCepstrum(input, output);

// inverse complex cepstrum
ct.InverseComplexCepstrum(output, input, delay: delay);

var fwt = new Fwt(192, new Wavelet("db5"));

// or
//var fwt = new Fwt(192, new Wavelet(WaveletFamily.Daubechies, 5));

var output = new float[192];
var reconstructed = new float[192];

fwt.Direct(input, output);
fwt.Inverse(output, reconstructed);

// convolution

var conv = Operation.Convolve(signal, kernel);
var xcorr = Operation.CrossCorrelate(signal1, signal2);

// block convolution

var filtered = Operation.BlockConvolve(signal, kernel, 4096, FilteringMethod.OverlapAdd);

// periodogram evaluation

var periodogram = Operation.Welch(signal, 2048, 1024);
var pgram = Operation.LombScargle(x, y, freqs);

// resampling

var resampled = Operation.Resample(signal, 22050);
var interpolated = Operation.Interpolate(signal, 3);
var decimated = Operation.Decimate(signal, 2);
var updown = Operation.ResampleUpDown(signal, 3, 2);

// time scale modification

var stretch = Operation.TimeStretch(signal, 0.7, TsmAlgorithm.Wsola);
var cool = Operation.TimeStretch(signal, 16, TsmAlgorithm.PaulStretch);

// envelope following

var envelope = Operation.Envelope(signal);

// peak / rms normalization

var peakNorm = Operation.NormalizePeak(signal, -3/*dB*/);
var rmsNorm = Operation.NormalizeRms(signal, -3/*dB*/);
var rmsChanged = Operation.ChangeRms(signal, -6/*dB*/);

// rectification

var halfRect = Operation.HalfRectify(signal);
var fullRect = Operation.FullRectify(signal);

// spectral subtraction

var clean = Operation.SpectralSubtract(signal, noise);

// crossfade

var crossfaded = song1.Crossfade(song2, 0.05/*sec*/);

var maFilter = new MovingAverageFilter(7);
var smoothedSignal = maFilter.ApplyTo(signal);

var frequency = 800.0/*Hz*/;
var notchFilter = new BiQuad.NotchFilter(frequency / signal.SamplingRate);
var notchedSignal = notchFilter.ApplyTo(signal);


// filter analysis:

var transferFunction = new TransferFunction(new [] { 1, 0.5, 0.2 }, new [] { 1, -0.8, 0.3 });

var filter = new IirFilter(transferFunction);

// we can also write this:

// var filter = new IirFilter(new [] { 1, 0.5, 0.2 }, new [] { 1, -0.8, 0.3 });
// var transferFunction = filter.Tf;
// ...

// if we simply want to apply filter and don't care much about FDA precision:
// read more in tutorial


var impulseResponse = transferFunction.ImpulseResponse();
var magnitudeResponse = transferFunction.FrequencyResponse().Magnitude;
var phaseResponse = transferFunction.FrequencyResponse().Phase;

var b = transferFunction.Numerator;
var a = transferFunction.Denominator;
var zeros = transferFunction.Zeros;
var poles = transferFunction.Poles;

var gd = transferFunction.GroupDelay();
var pd = transferFunction.PhaseDelay();


// some examples of FIR filter design:

var kernel = DesignFilter.FirWinLp(345, 0.15);
var lpFilter = new FirFilter(kernel);

// HP filter can be obtained from LP with the same cutoff frequency:
var hpFilter = DesignFilter.FirLpToHp(lpFilter);

// design BP filter
var bpFilter = DesignFilter.FirWinBp(123, 0.05, 0.15);

// design equiripple HP filter
var bpFilter = DesignFilter.FirEquirippleHp(123, 0.34, 0.355, 0.05, 0.95);


// sequence of filters:

var cascade = filter * firFilter * notchFilter;
var filtered = cascade.ApplyTo(signal);

// filtering is conceptually equivalent to:

var filtered = filter.ApplyTo(signal);
filtered = firFilter.ApplyTo(filtered);
filtered = notchFilter.ApplyTo(filtered);

// same but with double precision:
var cascadeTf = filter.Tf * firFilter.Tf * notchFilter.Tf;
var cascadeFilter = new IirFilter(cascadeTf);
var filtered = cascadeFilter.ApplyTo(signal);

// parallel combination of filters:

var parallel = filter1 + filter2;
filtered = parallel.ApplyTo(signal);

// same but with double precision:
var parallelTf = filter1.Tf + filter2.Tf;
var parallelFilter = new IirFilter(parallelTf);
var filtered = parallelFilter.ApplyTo(signal);

// audio effects:

var flanger = new FlangerEffect(signal.SamplingRate);
var wahwah = new WahwahEffect(signal.SamplingRate, lfoFrequency: 2/*Hz*/);

var processed = wahwah.ApplyTo(flanger.ApplyTo(signal));
// this will create intermediate copy of the signal


// FilterChain is memory-efficient:

var filters = new FilterChain();
filters.Add(flanger);
filters.Add(wahwah);

processed = filters.ApplyTo(signal);


// Second-Order Sections:

var tf = new Butterworth.BandPassFilter(0.1, 0.16, 7).Tf;

// get array of SOS from TF:
TransferFunction[] sos = DesignFilter.TfToSos(tf);

var sosFilter = new FilterChain(sos);

var y = sosFilter.ApplyTo(x);

// or process samples online:
//    ... outSample = sosFilter.Process(sample);

var outputSample = filter.Process(sample);

float[] output;

...

void NewChunkAvailable(float[] chunk)
{
    filter.Process(chunk, output);
}


// if input chunk shouldn't necessarily be preserved, it can be overwritten:

void NewChunkAvailable(float[] chunk)
{
    filter.Process(chunk, chunk);
}

// Overlap-Add / Overlap-Save

FirFilter filter = new FirFilter(kernel);

var blockConvolver = OlaBlockConvolver.FromFilter(filter, 4096);

// processing loop:
// while new input sample is available
{
    var outputSample = blockConvolver.Process(sample);
}

// or:
// while new input buffer is available
{
    blockConvolver.Process(input, output);
}

var mfccOptions = new MfccOptions
{
    SamplingRate = signal.SamplingRate,
    FeatureCount = 13,
    FrameDuration = 0.032/*sec*/,
    HopDuration = 0.015/*sec*/,
    FilterBankSize = 26,
    PreEmphasis = 0.97,
    //...unspecified parameters will have default values 
};

var mfccExtractor = new MfccExtractor(mfccOptions);
var mfccVectors = mfccExtractor.ComputeFrom(signal);


// serialize current config to JSON file:

using (var config = new FileStream("file.json", FileMode.Create))
{
    config.SaveOptions(mfccOptions);
}


var lpcOptions = new LpcOptions
{
    SamplingRate = signal.SamplingRate,
    LpcOrder = 15
};

var lpcExtractor = new LpcExtractor(lpcOptions);
var lpcVectors = lpcExtractor.ParallelComputeFrom(signal);



var opts = new MultiFeatureOptions
{
    SamplingRate = signal.SamplingRate,
    FeatureList = "centroid, flatness, c1+c2+c3"
};

var spectralExtractor = new SpectralFeaturesExtractor(opts);

opts.FeatureList = "all";
var tdExtractor = new TimeDomainFeaturesExtractor(opts);

var vectors = FeaturePostProcessing.Join(
                  tdExtractor.ParallelComputeFrom(signal), 
                  spectralExtractor.ParallelComputeFrom(signal));

// each vector will contain 1) all time-domain features (energy, rms, entropy, zcr)
//                          2) specified spectral features


// open config from JSON file:

PnccOptions options;
using (var config = new FileStream("file.json", FileMode.Open))
{
    options = config.LoadOptions<PnccOptions>();
}

var pnccExtractor = new PnccExtractor(pnccOptions);
var pnccVectors = pnccExtractor.ComputeFrom(signal, /*from*/1000, /*to*/60000 /*sample*/);
FeaturePostProcessing.NormalizeMean(pnccVectors);


// serialization

using (var csvFile = new FileStream("mfccs.csv", FileMode.Create))
{
    var serializer = new CsvFeatureSerializer(mfccVectors);
    await serializer.SerializeAsync(csvFile);
}

// There are 3 options to perform pre-emphasis filtering:

// 1) Set pre-emphasis coefficient in constructor of a feature extractor
// 2) Apply filter before processing and process filtered signal
// 3) Filter signal in-place and process it

// (...read more in docs...)

// option 1:

var opts = new MfccOptions
{
    SamplingRate = signal.SamplingRate,
    FeatureCount = 13,
    PreEmphasis = 0.95
};
var mfccExtractor = new MfccExtractor(opts);
var mfccVectors = mfccExtractor.ComputeFrom(signal);

// option 2:
// ApplyTo() will create new signal (allocate new memory)

opts.PreEmphasis = 0;
mfccExtractor = new MfccExtractor(opts);
var pre = new PreEmphasisFilter(0.95);
var filtered = pre.ApplyTo(signal);
mfccVectors = mfccExtractor.ComputeFrom(filtered);

// option 3:
// process array or DiscreteSignal samples in-place:

for (var i = 0; i < signal.Length; i++)
{
    signal[i] = pre.Process(signal[i]);
}
// or simply:
// pre.Process(signal.Samples, signal.Samples);

mfccVectors = mfccExtractor.ComputeFrom(signal);

IAudioPlayer player = new MciAudioPlayer();

// play entire file
await player.PlayAsync("temp.wav");

// play file from 16000th sample to 32000th sample
await player.PlayAsync("temp.wav", 16000, 32000);


// ...in some event handler
player.Pause();

// ...in some event handler
player.Resume();

// ...in some event handler
player.Stop();


// recording

IAudioRecorder recorder = new MciAudioRecorder();

// ...in some event handler
recorder.StartRecording(16000);

// ...in some event handler
recorder.StopRecording("temp.wav");