runqlat

README.md

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ Tools:
 - tools/[offwaketime](tools/offwaketime.py): Summarize blocked time by kernel off-CPU stack and waker stack. [Examples](tools/offwaketime_example.txt).
 - tools/[opensnoop](tools/opensnoop.py): Trace open() syscalls. [Examples](tools/opensnoop_example.txt).
 - tools/[pidpersec](tools/pidpersec.py): Count new processes (via fork). [Examples](tools/pidpersec_example.txt).
+- tools/[runqlat](tools/runqlat.py): Run queue (scheduler) latency as a histogram. [Examples](tools/runqlat_example.txt).
 - tools/[softirqs](tools/softirqs.py): Measure soft IRQ (soft interrupt) event time. [Examples](tools/softirqs_example.txt).
 - tools/[stackcount](tools/stackcount.py): Count kernel function calls and their stack traces. [Examples](tools/stackcount_example.txt).
 - tools/[stacksnoop](tools/stacksnoop.py): Trace a kernel function and print all kernel stack traces. [Examples](tools/stacksnoop_example.txt).

man/man8/runqlat.8

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+.TH runqlat 8 "2016-02-07" "USER COMMANDS"
+.SH NAME
+runqlat \- Run queue (scheduler) latency as a histogram.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B runqlat [\-h] [\-T] [\-m] [\-P] [\-p PID] [interval] [count]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This measures the time a task spends waiting on a run queue (or equivalent
+scheduler data structure) for a turn on-CPU, and shows this time as a
+histogram. This time should be small, but a task may need to wait its turn due
+to CPU load. The higher the CPU load, the longer a task will generally need to
+wait its turn.
+
+This tool measures two types of run queue latency:
+
+1. The time from a task being enqueued on a run queue to its context switch
+and execution. This traces enqueue_task_*() -> finish_task_switch(),
+and instruments the run queue latency after a voluntary context switch.
+
+2. The time from when a task was involuntary context switched and still
+in the runnable state, to when it next executed. This is instrumented
+from finish_task_switch() alone.
+
+This tool uses in-kernel eBPF maps for storing timestamps and the histogram,
+for efficiency. Despite this, the overhead of this tool may become significant
+for some workloads: see the OVERHEAD section.
+
+This works by tracing various kernel scheduler functions using dynamic tracing,
+and will need updating to match any changes to these functions.
+
+Since this uses BPF, only the root user can use this tool.
+.SH REQUIREMENTS
+CONFIG_BPF and bcc.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+\-h
+Print usage message.
+.TP
+\-T
+Include timestamps on output.
+.TP
+\-m
+Output histogram in milliseconds.
+.TP
+\-P
+Print a histogram for each PID.
+.TP
+\-p PID
+Only show this PID (filtered in kernel for efficiency).
+.TP
+interval
+Output interval, in seconds.
+.TP
+count
+Number of outputs.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP
+Summarize run queue latency as a histogram:
+#
+.B runqlat
+.TP
+Print 1 second summaries, 10 times:
+#
+.B runqlat 1 10
+.TP
+Print 1 second summaries, using milliseconds as units for the histogram, and include timestamps on output:
+#
+.B runqlat \-mT 1
+.TP
+Trace PID 186 only, 1 second summaries:
+#
+.B runqlat -P 185 1
+.SH FIELDS
+.TP
+usecs
+Microsecond range
+.TP
+mecs
+Millisecond range
+.TP
+count
+How many times a task event fell into this range
+.TP
+distribution
+An ASCII bar chart to visualize the distribution (count column)
+.SH OVERHEAD
+This traces scheduler functions, which can become very frequent. While eBPF
+has very low overhead, and this tool uses in-kernel maps for efficiency, the
+frequency of scheduler events for some workloads may be high enough that the
+overhead of this tool becomes significant. Measure in a lab environment
+to quantify the overhead before use.
+.SH SOURCE
+This is from bcc.
+.IP
+https://github.com/iovisor/bcc
+.PP
+Also look in the bcc distribution for a companion _examples.txt file containing
+example usage, output, and commentary for this tool.
+.SH OS
+Linux
+.SH STABILITY
+Unstable - in development.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Brendan Gregg
+.SH SEE ALSO
+pidstat(1)

tools/runqlat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+# @lint-avoid-python-3-compatibility-imports
+#
+# runqlat Run queue (scheduler) latency as a histogram.
+# For Linux, uses BCC, eBPF.
+#
+# USAGE: runqlat [-h] [-T] [-m] [-P] [-p PID] [interval] [count]
+#
+# This measures the time a task spends waiting on a run queue for a turn
+# on-CPU, and shows this time as a histogram. This time should be small, but a
+# task may need to wait its turn due to CPU load.
+#
+# This measures two types of run queue latency:
+# 1. The time from a task being enqueued on a run queue to its context switch
+# and execution. This traces enqueue_task_*() -> finish_task_switch(),
+# and instruments the run queue latency after a voluntary context switch.
+# 2. The time from when a task was involuntary context switched and still
+# in the runnable state, to when it next executed. This is instrumented
+# from finish_task_switch() alone.
+#
+# Copyright 2016 Netflix, Inc.
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")
+#
+# 07-Feb-2016 Brendan Gregg Created this.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+from bcc import BPF
+from time import sleep, strftime
+import argparse
+
+# arguments
+examples = """examples:
+ ./runqlat # summarize run queue latency as a histogram
+ ./runqlat 1 10 # print 1 second summaries, 10 times
+ ./runqlat -mT 1 # 1s summaries, milliseconds, and timestamps
+ ./runqlat -P # show each PID separately
+ ./runqlat -p 185 # trace PID 185 only
+"""
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+ description="Summarize run queue (schedular) latency as a histogram",
+ formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+ epilog=examples)
+parser.add_argument("-T", "--timestamp", action="store_true",
+ help="include timestamp on output")
+parser.add_argument("-m", "--milliseconds", action="store_true",
+ help="millisecond histogram")
+parser.add_argument("-P", "--pids", action="store_true",
+ help="print a histogram per process ID")
+parser.add_argument("-p", "--pid",
+ help="trace this PID only")
+parser.add_argument("interval", nargs="?", default=99999999,
+ help="output interval, in seconds")
+parser.add_argument("count", nargs="?", default=99999999,
+ help="number of outputs")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+countdown = int(args.count)
+debug = 0
+
+# define BPF program
+bpf_text = """
+#include <uapi/linux/ptrace.h>
+#include "kernel/sched/sched.h"
+
+typedef struct pid_key {
+ u64 pid; // work around
+ u64 slot;
+} pid_key_t;
+BPF_HASH(start, u32);
+STORAGE
+
+// record enqueue timestamp
+int trace_enqueue(struct pt_regs *ctx, struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p,
+ int flags)
+{
+ u32 pid = p->pid;
+ if (FILTER)
+ return 0;
+ u64 ts = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
+ start.update(&pid, &ts);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+// calculate latency
+int trace_run(struct pt_regs *ctx, struct task_struct *prev)
+{
+ u32 pid;
+
+ // ivcsw: treat like an enqueue event and store timestamp
+ if (prev->state == TASK_RUNNING) {
+ pid = prev->pid;
+ if (!(FILTER)) {
+ u64 ts = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
+ start.update(&pid, &ts);
+ }
+ }
+
+ pid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+ if (FILTER)
+ return 0;
+ u64 *tsp, delta;
+
+ // fetch timestamp and calculate delta
+ tsp = start.lookup(&pid);
+ if (tsp == 0) {
+ return 0; // missed enqueue
+ }
+ delta = bpf_ktime_get_ns() - *tsp;
+ FACTOR
+
+ // store as histogram
+ STORE
+
+ start.delete(&pid);
+ return 0;
+}
+"""
+
+# code substitutions
+if args.pid:
+ bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER', 'pid != %s' % args.pid)
+else:
+ bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER', '0')
+if args.milliseconds:
+ bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FACTOR', 'delta /= 1000000;')
+ label = "msecs"
+else:
+ bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FACTOR', 'delta /= 1000;')
+ label = "usecs"
+if args.pids:
+ bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('STORAGE',
+ 'BPF_HISTOGRAM(dist, pid_key_t);')
+ bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('STORE',
+ 'pid_key_t key = {.pid = pid, .slot = bpf_log2l(delta)}; ' +
+ 'dist.increment(key);')
+else:
+ bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('STORAGE', 'BPF_HISTOGRAM(dist);')
+ bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('STORE',
+ 'dist.increment(bpf_log2l(delta));')
+if debug:
+ print(bpf_text)
+
+# load BPF program
+b = BPF(text=bpf_text)
+b.attach_kprobe(event_re="enqueue_task_*", fn_name="trace_enqueue")
+b.attach_kprobe(event="finish_task_switch", fn_name="trace_run")
+
+print("Tracing run queue latency... Hit Ctrl-C to end.")
+
+# output
+exiting = 0 if args.interval else 1
+dist = b.get_table("dist")
+while (1):
+ try:
+ sleep(int(args.interval))
+ except KeyboardInterrupt:
+ exiting = 1
+
+ print()
+ if args.timestamp:
+ print("%-8s\n" % strftime("%H:%M:%S"), end="")
+
+ dist.print_log2_hist(label, "pid", section_print_fn=int)
+ dist.clear()
+
+ countdown -= 1
+ if exiting or countdown == 0:
+ exit()