…44707)

In #44635, we observe that occasionally a call to
`view(::SubArray, ::Colon, ...)` dispatches to the
wrong function. The post-inlining IR is in relevant part:

```
│   │ %8   = (isa)(I, Tuple{Colon, UnitRange{Int64}, SubArray{Int64, 2, UnitRange{Int64}, Tuple{Matrix{Int64}}, false}})::Bool
└───│        goto #3 if not %8
2 ──│ %10  = π (I, Tuple{Colon, UnitRange{Int64}, SubArray{Int64, 2, UnitRange{Int64}, Tuple{Matrix{Int64}}, false}})
│   │ @ indices.jl:324 within `to_indices` @ multidimensional.jl:859
│   │┌ @ multidimensional.jl:864 within `uncolon`
│   ││┌ @ indices.jl:351 within `Slice` @ indices.jl:351
│   │││ %11  = %new(Base.Slice{Base.OneTo{Int64}}, %7)::Base.Slice{Base.OneTo{Int64}}
│   │└└
│   │┌ @ essentials.jl:251 within `tail`
│   ││ %12  = Core.getfield(%10, 2)::UnitRange{Int64}
│   ││ %13  = Core.getfield(%10, 3)::SubArray{Int64, 2, UnitRange{Int64}, Tuple{Matrix{Int64}}, false}
│   │└
│   │ @ indices.jl:324 within `to_indices`
└───│        goto #5
    │ @ indices.jl:324 within `to_indices` @ indices.jl:333
    │┌ @ tuple.jl:29 within `getindex`
3 ──││ %15  = Base.getfield(I, 1, true)::Function
│   │└
│   │        invoke Base.to_index(A::SubArray{Int64, 3, Array{Int64, 3}, Tuple{Vector{Int64}, Base.Slice{Base.OneTo{Int64}}, UnitRange{Int64}}, false}, %15::Function)::Union{}
```

Here we expect the `isa` at `%8` to always be [1]. However,
we seemingly observe the result that the branch is not taken
and we instead end up in the fallback `to_index`, which (correctly)
complains that the colon should have been dereferenced to
an index.

After some investigation of the relevant rr trace, what turns out
to happen here is that the va tuple we compute in codegen gets
garbage collected before the call to `emit_isa`, causing a use-after-free
read, which happens to make `emit_isa` think that the isa condition
is impossible, causing it to fold the branch away.

The fix is to simply add the relevant GC root. It's a bit unfortunate that this
wasn't caught by the GC verifier. It would have in principle been capable of doing
so, but it is currently disabled for C++ sources. It would be worth revisiting
this in the future to see if it can't be made to work.

Fixes #44635.

[1] The specialization heuristics decided to widen `Colon` to `Function`,
which doesn't make much sense here, but regardless, it shouldn't
crash.

The `-g1` option for bootstrapping is especially useful to get 
Julia-level
stacktrace in a case when some hard-to-debug error happened inside 
`Core.Compiler`.
Now we can define to enable it locally without modification on Make.inc:
> Make.user
```
BOOTSTRAP_DEBUG_LEVEL=1
```

Now `(du::SSADefUse).uses` field can contain arbitrary "usages" to be eliminated.
This structure might be helpful for implementing array SROA, for example.
Also slightly tweaks the implementation of `ccall` preserve elimination.

Fix #44734.

--threads=auto uses jl_effective_threads to determine the number of threads to use,
so make sure the tests do too, otherwise this test will fail on our new cpu-restricted
runners.

Co-authored-by: Andreas Noack <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Dilum Aluthge <[email protected]>

fixes #44723

Co-authored-by: Takafumi Arakaki <[email protected]>

…#44733)

* [Random] Document `default_rng` and remove references to `GLOBAL_RNG`

* [Random] Remove last references to `GLOBAL_RNG` in `seed!` docstring

While the method does use `GLOBAL_RNG` by default, that's an implementation
detail, and it eventually uses `default_rng()` internally.

Follows up #44708 -- in that PR I missed the most obvious optimization
opportunity, i.e. we can safely eliminate `isdefined` checks when all
fields are defined at allocation site.
This change allows us to eliminate capturing closure constructions when
the body and callsite of capture closure is available within a optimized
frame, e.g.:
```julia
function abmult(r::Int, x0)
    if r < 0
        r = -r
    end
    f = x -> x * r
    return @inline f(x0)
end
```
```diff
diff --git a/_master.jl b/_pr.jl
index ea06d865b75..c38f221090f 100644
--- a/_master.jl
+++ b/_pr.jl
@@ -1,24 +1,19 @@
 julia> @code_typed abmult(-3, 3)
 CodeInfo(
-1 ── %1  = Core.Box::Type{Core.Box}
-│    %2  = %new(%1, r@_2)::Core.Box
-│    %3  = Core.isdefined(%2, :contents)::Bool
-└───       goto #3 if not %3
+1 ──       goto #3 if not true
 2 ──       goto #4
 3 ──       $(Expr(:throw_undef_if_not, :r, false))::Any
-4 ┄─ %7  = (r@_2 < 0)::Any
-└───       goto #9 if not %7
-5 ── %9  = Core.isdefined(%2, :contents)::Bool
-└───       goto #7 if not %9
+4 ┄─ %4  = (r@_2 < 0)::Any
+└───       goto #9 if not %4
+5 ──       goto #7 if not true
 6 ──       goto #8
 7 ──       $(Expr(:throw_undef_if_not, :r, false))::Any
-8 ┄─ %13 = -r@_2::Any
-9 ┄─ %14 = φ (#4 => r@_2, #8 => %13)::Any
-│    %15 = Core.isdefined(%2, :contents)::Bool
-└───       goto #11 if not %15
+8 ┄─ %9  = -r@_2::Any
+9 ┄─ %10 = φ (#4 => r@_2, #8 => %9)::Any
+└───       goto #11 if not true
 10 ─       goto #12
 11 ─       $(Expr(:throw_undef_if_not, :r, false))::Any
-12 ┄ %19 = (x0 * %14)::Any
+12 ┄ %14 = (x0 * %10)::Any
 └───       goto #13
-13 ─       return %19
+13 ─       return %14
 ) => Any
```