Slightly rework error handling

[maleadt]

• simplify some of the custom error detection routines, now just always retrying API calls if they hit alloc_fail|init_fail|internal
• in already expensive call chains, use try/catch to preserve the failing API call
• simplify retry_reclaim a bit, halving the overhead it imposes
• add launch failure diagnostics

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 26 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (d4b766b) 71.36% compared to head (41dcc90) 71.32%.
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Files	Patch %	Lines
lib/cudadrv/module/linker.jl	61.90%	8 Missing ⚠️
lib/cublas/wrappers.jl	25.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
src/pool.jl	81.81%	6 Missing ⚠️
lib/cudadrv/execution.jl	82.60%	4 Missing ⚠️
lib/cudadrv/module.jl	88.23%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2245      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   71.36%   71.32%   -0.05%     
==========================================
  Files         156      155       -1     
  Lines       14820    14837      +17     
==========================================
+ Hits        10577    10582       +5     
- Misses       4243     4255      +12     

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