feat: update physical table schema on alter logical tables

[fengjiachun]

I hereby agree to the terms of the GreptimeDB CLA.

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

What's changed and what's your intention?

• Update the physical table schema when altering logical tables;
• Invalidate the cache in frontend when schema changed;
• Let the alter logical table from sql console go into the new alter procedure;
• Add sqlness test of alter logical tables.

Checklist

• I have written the necessary rustdoc comments.
• I have added the necessary unit tests and integration tests.
• This PR does not require documentation updates.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 50.45455% with 109 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 84.81%. Comparing base (7456515) to head (a700c2c).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3585      +/-   ##
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- Coverage   85.19%   84.81%   -0.39%     
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  Files         924      926       +2     
  Lines      153492   153645     +153     
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- Hits       130773   130318     -455     
- Misses      22719    23327     +608     

[waynexia]

LGTM

[fengjiachun]

@evenyag PTAL

[evenyag]

Rest LGTM