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Location-Sensitive Visual Recognition with Cross-IOU Loss

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The trained models are temporarily unavailable, but you can train the code using reasonable computational resource.

by Kaiwen Duan, Lingxi Xie, Honggang Qi, Song Bai, Qingming Huang and Qi Tian

The code to train and evaluate the proposed LSNet is available here. For more technical details, please refer to our arXiv paper.

The location-sensitive visual recognition tasks, including object detection, instance segmentation, and human pose estimation, can be formulated into localizing an anchor point (in red) and a set of landmarks (in green). Our work aims to offer a unified framework for these tasks.

Abstract

Object detection, instance segmentation, and pose estimation are popular visual recognition tasks which require localizing the object by internal or boundary landmarks. This paper summarizes these tasks as location-sensitive visual recognition and proposes a unified solution named location-sensitive network (LSNet). Based on a deep neural network as the backbone, LSNet predicts an anchor point and a set of landmarks which together define the shape of the target object. The key to optimizing the LSNet lies in the ability of fitting various scales, for which we design a novel loss function named cross-IOU loss that computes the cross-IOU of each anchor-landmark pair to approximate the global IOU between the prediction and groundtruth. The flexibly located and accurately predicted landmarks also enable LSNet to incorporate richer contextual information for visual recognition. Evaluated on the MSCOCO dataset, LSNet set the new state-of-the-art accuracy for anchor-free object detection (a 53.5% box AP) and instance segmentation (a 40.2% mask AP), and shows promising performance in detecting multi-scale human poses.

If you encounter any problems in using our code, please contact Kaiwen Duan: [email protected]

Bbox AP(%) on COCO test-dev

Method Backbone epoch MStrain AP AP50 AP75 APS APM APL
Anchor-based:
Libra R-CNN X-101-64x4d 12 N 43.0 64.0 47.0 25.3 45.6 54.6
AB+FSAF* X-101-64x4d 18 Y 44.6 65.2 48.6 29.7 47.1 54.6
FreeAnchor* X-101-32x8d 24 Y 47.3 66.3 51.5 30.6 50.4 59.0
GFLV1* X-101-32x8d 24 Y 48.2 67.4 52.6 29.2 51.7 60.2
ATSS* X-101-64x4d-DCN 24 Y 50.7 68.9 56.3 33.2 52.9 62.4
PAA* X-101-64x4d-DCN 24 Y 51.4 69.7 57.0 34.0 53.8 64.0
GFLV2* R2-101-DCN 24 Y 53.3 70.9 59.2 35.7 56.1 65.6
YOLOv4-P7* CSP-P7 450 Y 56.0 73.3 61.2 38.9 60.0 68.6
Anchor-free:
ExtremeNet* HG-104 200 Y 43.2 59.8 46.4 24.1 46.0 57.1
RepPointsV1* R-101-DCN 24 Y 46.5 67.4 50.9 30.3 49.7 57.1
SAPD X-101-64x4d-DCN 24 Y 47.4 67.4 51.1 28.1 50.3 61.5
CornerNet* HG-104 200 Y 42.1 57.8 45.3 20.8 44.8 56.7
DETR R-101 500 Y 44.9 64.7 47.7 23.7 49.5 62.3
CenterNet* HG-104 190 Y 47.0 64.5 50.7 28.9 49.9 58.9
CPNDet* HG-104 100 Y 49.2 67.4 53.7 31.0 51.9 62.4
BorderDet* X-101-64x4d-DCN 24 Y 50.3 68.9 55.2 32.8 52.8 62.3
FCOS-BiFPN X-101-32x8-DCN 24 Y 50.4 68.9 55.0 33.2 53.0 62.7
RepPointsV2* X-101-64x4d-DCN 24 Y 52.1 70.1 57.5 34.5 54.6 63.6
LSNet R-50 24 Y 44.8 64.1 48.8 26.6 47.7 55.7
LSNet X-101-64x4d 24 Y 48.2 67.6 52.6 29.6 51.3 60.5
LSNet X-101-64x4d-DCN 24 Y 49.6 69.0 54.1 30.3 52.8 62.8
LSNet-CPV X-101-64x4d-DCN 24 Y 50.4 69.4 54.5 31.0 53.3 64.0
LSNet-CPV R2-101-DCN 24 Y 51.1 70.3 55.2 31.2 54.3 65.0
LSNet-CPV* R2-101-DCN 24 Y 53.5 71.1 59.2 35.2 56.4 65.8

A comparison between LSNet and the sate-of-the-art methods in object detection on the MS-COCO test-dev set. LSNet surpasses all competitors in the anchor-free group. The abbreviations are: ‘R’ – ResNet, ‘X’ – ResNeXt, ‘HG’ – Hourglass network, ‘R2’ – Res2Net, ‘CPV’ – corner point verification, ‘MStrain’ – multi-scale training, * – multi-scale testing.

Segm AP(%) on COCO test-dev

Method Backbone epoch AP AP50 AP75 APS APM APL
Pixel-based:
YOLACT R-101 48 31.2 50.6 32.8 12.1 33.3 47.1
TensorMask R-101 72 37.1 59.3 39.4 17.1 39.1 51.6
Mask R-CNN X-101-32x4d 12 37.1 60.0 39.4 16.9 39.9 53.5
HTC X-101-64x4d 20 41.2 63.9 44.7 22.8 43.9 54.6
DetectoRS* X-101-64x4d 40 48.5 72.0 53.3 31.6 50.9 61.5
Contour-based:
ExtremeNet HG-104 100 18.9 44.5 13.7 10.4 20.4 28.3
DeepSnake DLA-34 120 30.3 - - - - -
PolarMask X-101-64x4d-DCN 24 36.2 59.4 37.7 17.8 37.7 51.5
LSNet X-101-64x4d-DCN 30 37.6 64.0 38.3 22.1 39.9 49.1
LSNet R2-101-DCN 30 38.0 64.6 39.0 22.4 40.6 49.2
LSNet* X-101-64x4d-DCN 30 39.7 65.5 41.3 25.5 41.3 50.4
LSNet* R2-101-DCN 30 40.2 66.2 42.1 25.8 42.2 51.0

Comparison of LSNet to the sate-of-the-art methods in instance segmentation task on the COCO test-dev set. Our LSNet achieves the state-of-the-art accuracy for contour-based instance segmentation. ‘R’ - ResNet, ‘X’ - ResNeXt, ‘HG’ - Hourglass, ‘R2’ - Res2Net, * - multi-scale testing.

Keypoints AP(%) on COCO test-dev

Method Backbone epoch AP AP50 AP75 APM APL
Heatmap-based:
CenterNet-jd DLA-34 320 57.9 84.7 63.1 52.5 67.4
OpenPose VGG-19 - 61.8 84.9 67.5 58.0 70.4
Pose-AE HG 300 62.8 84.6 69.2 57.5 70.6
CenterNet-jd HG104 150 63.0 86.8 69.6 58.9 70.4
Mask R-CNN R-50 28 63.1 87.3 68.7 57.8 71.4
PersonLab R-152 >1000 66.5 85.5 71.3 62.3 70.0
HRNet HRNet-W32 210 74.9 92.5 82.8 71.3 80.9
Regression-based:
CenterNet-reg DLA-34 320 51.7 81.4 55.2 44.6 63.0
CenterNet-reg HG-104 150 55.0 83.5 59.7 49.4 64.0
LSNet w/ obj-box X-101-64x4d-DCN 60 55.7 81.3 61.0 52.9 60.5
LSNet w/ kps-box X-101-64x4d-DCN 20 59.0 83.6 65.2 53.3 67.9

Comparison of LSNet to the sate-of-the-art methods in pose estimation task on the COCO test-dev set. LSNet predict the keypoints by regression. ‘obj-box’ and ‘kps-box’ denote the object bounding boxes and the keypoint-boxes, respectively. For LSNet w/ kps-box, we fine-tune the model from the LSNet w/ kps-box for another 20 epochs.

Visualization

Some location-sensitive visual recognition results on the MS-COCO validation set.

We compared with the CenterNet to show that our LSNet w/ ‘obj-box’ tends to predict more human pose of small scales, which are not annotated on the dataset. Only pose results with scores higher than 0:3 are shown for both methods.

Left: LSNet uses the object bounding boxes to assign training samples. Right: LSNet uses the keypoint-boxes to assign training samples. Although LSNet with keypoint-boxes enjoys higher AP score, its ability of perceiving multi-scale human instances is weakened.

Preparation

The master branch works with PyTorch 1.5.0

The dataset directory should be like this:

├── data
│   ├── coco
│   │   ├── annotations
│   │   ├── images
            ├── train2017
            ├── val2017
            ├── test2017

Generate extreme point annotation from segmentation:

  • cd code/tools
  • python gen_coco_lsvr.py
  • cd ..

Installation

1. Installing cocoapi
  • cd cocoapi/pycocotools
  • python setup.py develop
  • cd ../..
2. Installing mmcv
  • cd mmcv
  • pip install -e.
  • cd ..
3. Installing mmdet
  • python setup.py develop

Training and Evaluation

Our LSNet is based on mmdetection. Please check with existing dataset for Training and Evaluation.