Formatter v2 part 4: Core algorithm

[shenglol]

Closes #7155.

This implements the pretty-printing algorithm described in chapter 2 and 3 of A pretty printer by Philip Wadler (the v1 formatter only implements chapter 1). The new implementation adds new classes under src/Bicep.Core/PrettyPrintV2, and the existing v1 formatter is not removed, since I'm planning to make the v2 formatter an experimental feature for now. I still need to create some follow-up PRs to do the following:

• Add baseline tests for each dataset
• Add an experimental feature config for pretty-printing
• Add pretty-printing related settings to Bicep configs, Bicep VS Code extension configs, and potentially .editorconfig
• Update the VS Code extension to forward pretty-printing related settings to the language server (or use workspace_configuration instead)
• Update BicepDocumentFormattingHandler
• Implement range formatting

Microsoft Reviewers: Open in CodeFlow

[majastrz]