MEMO Number SRS-Final-F21 DATE: 29 November 2021

TO: EFC LaBerge

FROM: Faheel Kamran, Alina Momin, Ben Yamada, Tracy Yan

SUBJECT: System Requirements Specification Final

The purpose of this document is to provide requirements for a Self Organizing Drone Display (SODD) system. The scope of this document includes system overview requirements to be designed by the team, functional requirements that the SODD system must satisfy, and tests that will verify the system is functioning according to the requirements.

Drone displays differ from fireworks in that drones are reusable and do not produce air or noise pollution. They offer a viable alternative in any situation where fireworks would be used.

The SODD system has two types of subsystems, the Base Station Subsystem and the Individual Drone Subsystems. The Base Station Subsystem consists of a processing system, the software program, the controller, and the communication devices. Each drone is also a subsystem and consists of the drone itself, the mounting frame, and the lighting equipment. Each subsystem will be powered by their own battery. External to the SODD system is the user, who uses the controller to control the system, the battery chargers, to power the batteries for both the Base Station and the drones, the environment which impacts the flight of the drones, and the programming interface for the system, which will determine the functionality of the Base Station Subsystem and the Individual Drone Subsystems. Figure 1 shows the SODD system boundary diagram (SBD), which illustrates the SODD system, its subsystems, and the external inputs to the system.

Figure 1: System Boundary Diagram

The SODD system has four operational scenarios for the drone constellation. The first is a self-testing stage, during which the system tests if the communications between drones and between the drones and the controller are online. In the second scenario, the user enters a flight pattern for the drones to execute for a show, and in the third, the user enters a lighting pattern for the LEDs to follow. Finally, the fourth scenario has the system conduct a light show run on user input following the flight and lighting patterns entered into the system. Figure 2 shows the SODD mission scenario diagram (MSD).

Figure 2: Mission Scenario Diagram

Figure 3, below, shows the SODD data flow diagram (DFD) and how the inputs and signals are used within the system. The user presses the ON/OFF button to turn on the system.

Once the user presses the TEST button, the central station (Hub) communication module begins a self-test and transmits a wake-up signal to the drones. At the end of the self-test, a system ready signal is transmitted to the Processing system.

The drone LEDs light up green after receiving the wake-up signal to signal their readiness. A Drone Ready signal is then transmitted to the Hub communication module responsible for transmitting the control signals.

The user enters an input into a software simulation to generate flight data and LED control data for a desired routine. This is sent to the central hub for processing and conversion into flight and LED commands. The system sends these commands to the Hub communication modules, which will transmit the drone control signals to the drones when the user presses the BEGIN button.

The drones will then execute the routine based on the control signals. The drones will send drone location signals to other drones to prevent drone collisions as well as to the Hub communication modules to track the drones.

Figure 3: Data Flow Diagram

The SODD team will be held to the highest standards of ethical conduct by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) during the design, development, prototyping and demonstration of the project.

FAA Drone Guidelines, USC 44809 and Chapter 447 of Title 49 United States Code will be enforced during flight, navigation and operation of the drones.

Drone-to-Controller Communications will use Bluetooth V2.0+EDR, Bluetooth SPP: ETSI 07.10. RFCOMM.

Controller-Station Communications will use USB 2.0 Cable A/B specifications standard.

No referenced documents have been referred to at this time.

The SODD system will be designed based on North American standards for power, voltages and AC frequencies. For global use, adapters and different chargers will need to be considered for operation.

There is less noise and light pollution from drones than fireworks. However, these pollutants may still be present. The reduced ecological footprint from the reusability of drones is the primary reason it is considered a viable alternative.

When compared to firework shows, creating drone shows will reduce the recurring fixed costs, since the drones can be reused. However, initial investment costs could be higher as it includes purchasing drones and equipment, modifying, coding and implementing them to custom flight patterns, and developing the complete system.

The drones can be used in festivals and celebrations. These can be holiday shows for 4th of July or New Years Eve, or ceremonies for wedding venues and other special occasions. The drones may also be used for educational purposes.

The team will have to follow FAA safety considerations on the altitude of the flight and consider how to prevent or mitigate possible injuries from falling drones, drone collisions, and LED lighting.

Baltimore-Washington International airport is an ICAO class B (busy) airport, this means that there will need to be specific precautions taken to fly the drones in the UMBC area. The team is aware that the drones will have to fly lower than 400 ft in the air and the drones will also have to follow a weight criteria.

There is a concern of hacking to take control of the drones. For a final product, steps should be taken to mitigate the risk of hacking.

Should the team decide on a drone with a camera, they will disable and cover the camera to prevent possible hackers from using it.

The technical requirements necessary to implement the SODD are given in tabular form in figure 4. System 1-3 covers general system-related requirements. Power-On Self-Test (POST) 1-5 are requirements from turning the system on and running hardware diagnostic checks to ensure the systems are online and working. Test 1-2 cover requirements for this self-test. Lights 1-2 are lighting display requirements. Routine 1 includes the minimum requirement for the flight structure, while Flight 1-3 covers the route automation. Comms 1-2 depict the requirements for the communication systems. Chassis 1 is a requirement for any exterior structures required for the implementation of the project.

Figure 4: Functional Requirements Table

The performance requirements necessary to implement the SODD are given in tabular form in figure 5.

Figure 5: Performance Requirements Table

The interface requirements necessary to implement the SODD are given in tabular form in figure 6.

C-2-D COM: Controller to Drone Communications D-2-D COM: Drone to Drone Communications

Figure 6: Interface Requirements Table

The testing requirements necessary to implement the SODD are given in tabular form in figure 7.

Figure 7: Testing Requirements Table

The design requirements necessary to implement the SODD are given in tabular form in figure 8.

Figure 8: Design Requirements Table

The steps to verify the above requirements are given in tabular form in figure 9. For a requirement to be tested, it must be a quantifiable measurement of a characteristic of the system. For a requirement to be demonstrated, it must be a qualitative observation that the system performs a function or has a given characteristic. For a requirement to be inspected, it must be a quality observed in the system. For a requirement to be analyzed, it must be determined mathematically.

Figure 9: Verification Table