• official mysql:5.7 image as database (but you can change to pgsql for example),
• official php:fpm image to run PHP over FastCGI
• and the official Apache httpd image as web/proxy server.

1. git clone https://github.com/octobercms/october.git my-app
2. cd my-app
3. git clone https://github.com/leocavalcante/Docktober.git .docker
4. docker-compose -f .docker/docker-compose.yml up -d --build
5. docker-compose -f .docker/docker-compose.yml exec php composer install

Here you should already be seeing October's demo theme at https://<YOUR_DOCKER_MACHINE_IP>:8000.
And you can work with it as a flat-file CMS.

1. docker-compose -f .docker/docker-compose.yml exec php php artisan october:env
2. Set .env's DB_HOST to db and add some value for DB_PASSWORD
3. docker-compose -f .docker/docker-compose.yml up -d --build
4. docker-compose -f .docker/docker-compose.yml exec php php artisan october:up

Now you should be able to access https://<YOUR_DOCKER_MACHINE_IP>:8000/backend and enjoy full OctoberCMS.

Recommendation: rename container_name at .docker/docker-compose.yml to something meaningful.