École Doctorale 472

This paper’s aim is to communicate the existence of a particular typology of reuse of fragments of Hebrew manuscripts: the fragments held within musical instruments. During an archival campaign about the sixteenth- and seventeeth-century lutherie a very interesting viol was studied; inside it, some parchment strips from a Babylonian Talmud from about the thirteenth century Hebrew manuscript have been found. This circumstance – formerly unknown both in the field of lutherie and in that of the research of Hebrew fragments reused as bookbinding – arose many questions about their presence inside the instrument (when they were inserted, where they come from, etc.). An interdisciplinary ap- proach immediately appeared necessary; as only scholars in organology can help to trace the history of these musical instruments. A complete codicological and paleographic analysis of the strips has been conducted analysing these fragments within the phenomena of reused fragments, the so-called Genizah. Besides it, other instruments have been discovered to share the same particularity and are analyzed he- re. On the one hand, this research increases our knowledge about a particular (and unknown) aspect of lutherie and on the other hand, it could provide new research path in Jewish studies by considering the musical instruments as a place (an unusual place) for the retrieval of fragments.

Les débats autour des frondeurs du PS ou l'exclusion de J.-M. Le Pen du FN montrent que l'indiscipline partisane est aujourd'hui fréquemment mise au coeur de l'actualité politique. Exemplaires, ces cas rappellent que les partis politiques ne sont pas seulement des organisations auxquelles on adhère, mais aussi des institutions qui requièrent certaines attitudes de leurs membres, leur enjoignent une discipline et peuvent, le cas échéant, les sanctionner. Bien qu'abordées dès les premiers travaux sur les partis politiques, l'(in)discipline et les multiples voies qu'elle emprunte restent mal connues. Cet ouvrage analyse (in)disciplines et sanctions ordinaires, statutaires ou plus diffuses, comme des entrées pour questionner le lien partisan. Pluridisciplinaire et comparatiste, il comble une lacune dans l'étude des phénomènes partisans et propose des clefs de compréhension de questions d'actualité récurrentes.