schulen
Appearance
See also: Schulen
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]schulen (weak, third-person singular present schult, past tense schulte, past participle geschult, auxiliary haben)
- to school
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | schulen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | schulend | ||||
past participle | geschult | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich schule | wir schulen | i | ich schule | wir schulen |
du schulst | ihr schult | du schulest | ihr schulet | ||
er schult | sie schulen | er schule | sie schulen | ||
preterite | ich schulte | wir schulten | ii | ich schulte1 | wir schulten1 |
du schultest | ihr schultet | du schultest1 | ihr schultet1 | ||
er schulte | sie schulten | er schulte1 | sie schulten1 | ||
imperative | schul (du) schule (du) |
schult (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “schulen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “schulen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “schulen” in Duden online
Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Dutch *skūlen, from Proto-Germanic *skūlijaną.
Verb
[edit]schulen
Inflection
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “sculen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “schulen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old English sċulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]schulen (defective, often modal and auxiliary)
- (transitive) to owe; to be indebted to
- (transitive) to be appropriate; to work
- Expresses permission: can, may
- Expresses possibility: might, may
- Expresses obligation or appropriateness: should, ought to
- Expresses counsel or advice: should, ought to
- Expresses command: must, shall
- Expresses certitude: must, will
- Expresses intent or prevision: going to, will
- Expresses futurity: shall, will
- Expresses contingency: will, would
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)[1], published c. 1410, Joon 15:19, page 51v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- If ȝe hadden be of þe woꝛld .· þe woꝛld ſchulde loue þat þing þat was his / but foꝛ ȝe ben not of þe woꝛld · but I chees ȝou fro þe woꝛld .· þerfoꝛ þe woꝛld hatiþ ȝou
- If you had been of the world, the world would love that which is its [own]; so the world hates you, because you aren't of the world. Instead I picked you from the world.
Usage notes
[edit]The past of this verb is often used with present meaning, like modern English should.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of schulen (preterite-present, defective)
infinitive | — | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | schal, schul | scholde | |
2nd-person singular | schalt, schal | scholdest, scholde, schost | |
3rd-person singular | schal, schul | scholde | |
subjunctive singular | schule, schale | ||
imperative singular | — | — | |
plural1 | schulen, schule, schalen, schale, schun | scholden, scholde | |
imperative plural | — | — | |
participles | — | — |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
[edit]- English: shall, should
- Scots: sall, suld (modern shall, should are influenced by English)
- Yola: shell, shall, shul
References
[edit]- “shulen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Categories:
- German terms suffixed with -en
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle Dutch weak verbs
- Middle Dutch class 2 strong verbs
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Middle English auxiliary verbs
- Middle English transitive verbs
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Middle English preterite-present verbs
- Middle English defective verbs
- enm:Directives