krūms

Latvian

Krūms

Ceriņu krūms

Etymology

Probably by metathesis from *kurms (with ur̄ > rū, yielding a long vowel), from Proto-Baltic *kurmas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥-mo-s, from the zero grade *kr̥- of *ker-, *sker- (“to turn, to bend”) (whence also Latvian cers, q.v.). The semantic evolution was probably: “to turn, to bend” > “(object) bent, twisted (into a circle)” > “lumps, clumps, clusters” > “plant resembling/forming lumps, clumps, clusters; bush, shrub.” Cognates include Lithuanian krū́mas, Old Prussian kirno.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɾūːms]

• Audio:

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Noun

krūms m (1st declension)

1. bush, shrub (perennial plant with several wooden stems but without a main stem or trunk)

   lazdu, ceriņu, rožu krūms ― hazel, lilac, rose bush

   ērkšķu krūms ― thorn bush

   krūmu audze ― bush grove

   krūmu puduris ― bush clump

   aronija ir vidēja lieluma daudzgadīgs krūms ar spīdīgām, eliptiskām lapām, baltiem ziediem ― aronia is a perennial bush of average size with glossy elliptical leaves (and) white flowers

   amerikāņu krūmu asterēm ir lieli ziedi ar stingriem kātiem ― the American aster bushes have large flowers with strong stems

2. (usually plural) bush grove, bush clump; shrubbery (a place where bushes, shrubs grow)

   iziet cauri krūmiem ― to pass through the bushes

   krūmu vista ― dwarf chicken (bird from India, similar to a chicken; lit. bush chicken)

   krūmos uzkalnītē kāds pamanīja 45 milimetru lielgabalu ― in the bushes on the hilltop someone noticed a 45-milimiter cannon

Declension

Declension of krūms (1st declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	krūms	krūmi
accusative (akuzatīvs)	krūmu	krūmus
genitive (ģenitīvs)	krūma	krūmu
dative (datīvs)	krūmam	krūmiem
instrumental (instrumentālis)	krūmu	krūmiem
locative (lokatīvs)	krūmā	krūmos
vocative (vokatīvs)	krūm	krūmi

Synonyms

• cers

Derived terms

• krūmājs