ingen

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse engi, enginn, from einn (“one”) +‎ -gi (“not”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈenɡən/, [ˈeŋŋ̍]

Pronoun

ingen (neuter intet, plural ingen)

1. (determiner) no

   Jeg har ingen penge.

   I have no money.

2. (pronoun) no one, nobody, nothing, neither, none

   Ingen har set ham siden i morges.

   No one has seen him since this morning.

See also

• nogen

Hungarian

Etymology

ing +‎ -en

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈiŋɡɛn]
• Hyphenation: in‧gen

Noun

ingen

1. superessive singular of ing

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse engi, enginn.

Pronoun

ingen (feminine inga, masculine ingen, neuter intet, plural ingen)

1. no; no one; nobody; nothing
2. neither
3. none

Adjective

ingen

1. no; not any

Derived terms

• ingenmannsland
• ingen nyheter er gode nyheter

References

• “ingen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Middle Norwegian eingin, from Old Norse enginn, a newer form of engi. Cognate with Faroese eingin, Icelandic enginn, Swedish ingen and Danish ingen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ɪŋːɛn/

Determiner

ingen (masculine ingen, feminine inga, neuter inkje, plural ingen)

1. no

Pronoun

ingen (masculine ingen, feminine inga, neuter inkje, plural ingen)

1. no one; nobody
2. neither
3. none

Derived terms

• ingenmannsland
• ingenting

References

• “ingen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ginen

Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Primitive Irish ᚔᚅᚔᚌᚓᚅᚐ (inigena), from Proto-Celtic *enigenā (literally “born within, indigenous”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”); compare Latin indigena (“native”) and Ancient Greek ἐγγόνη (engónē, “granddaughter”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈinʲɣʲen]

Noun

ingen f (genitive ingine)

2. daughter
3. maiden, virgin, young woman

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ingenL	inginL	ingenaH
Vocative	ingenL	inginL	ingenaH
Accusative	inginN	inginL	ingenaH
Genitive	ingineH	ingenL	ingenN
Dative	inginL	ingenaib	ingenaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• ingenacht
• ingenrad

Descendants

• Middle Irish: ingen
  • Irish: iníon, inghean (superseded), inghin, inín (Connacht), nighean, níon (Ulster), inín
  • Manx: inneen
  • Scottish Gaelic: nighean, nigheann, inghean
• ⇒ Middle Irish: ingenach
• ⇒ Middle Irish: ingenas
  • Irish: iníonas

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ingen (‘daughter’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 24, page 18; reprinted 2017

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *angʷīnā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nṓgʰs.

Cognate with Welsh ewin, Breton ivin; and with Latin unguis, English nail, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux), Russian но́готь (nógotʹ), Sanskrit नख (nakhá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈiŋʲɡʲen]

Noun

ingen f (genitive ingen)

2. nail (fingernail, toenail)

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ingenL	inginL	ingneaH
Vocative	ingenL	inginL	ingneaH
Accusative	inginN	inginL	ingneaH
Genitive	ingneH	ingenL	ingenN
Dative	inginL	ingnib	ingnib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: ionga
• Manx: ingin
• Scottish Gaelic: ionga

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ingen (‘nail’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 24, page 18; reprinted 2017

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish ængin, from Old Norse engi, enginn, from einn (“one”) + -gi (privative suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪŋˌɛn/, [ˈɪŋːˌɛ̂n]

• Audio:

  (file)

Determiner

ingen (neuter inget, plural inga)

1. no

   Jag har ingen bil

   I have no car

   Vi har ingen mjölk hemma

   We have no milk at home

   Jag har inga cigaretter

   I have no cigarettes

   Inget träd kan leva av vatten allena

   No tree can live on water alone

   1. none (when the referent is implied, which is often idiomatic in Swedish, similar to after "any" in English in the example)

      – Ge mig en cigarett. – Jag har inga ["cigaretter" implied].

      – Give me a cigarette. – I don't have any ["cigarettes" implied – "I have no/none"].

Pronoun

ingen (neuter inget, plural inga)

1. none

   Ingen av burkarna innehöll cola

   None of the cans contained cola

   Inget av detta är en slump

   None of this is a coincidence

   För musiken står inga mindre än Rolling Stones

   The music is provided by ("for the music stands") none other than ("none lesser than" – idiomatic) the Rolling Stones

   1. (almost always common gender) no one, nobody

      Ingen har någonsin sprungit 100 meter på under nio sekunder!

      No one has ever run 100 meters faster than nine seconds!

2. (in the neuter inget) Synonym of ingenting (“nothing”)
   • 1994, Lisa Ekdahl (lyrics and music), “Vem vet [Who knows]”, in Lisa Ekdahl‎^[1]:

     Vem vet? Inte du. Vem vet? Inte jag. Vi vet ingenting nu. Vi vet inget idag.

     Who knows? Not you. Who knows? Not I. We know nothing now. We know nothing today.

Usage notes

See the usage notes for inget.

See also

• ingen alls
• ingendera
• inget

References

• ingen in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• ingen in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• ingen in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)