cis

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cis"

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation, presumably from either English cosine and sine and the number i or translingual cos, i, and sin.

Symbol

cis

1. (mathematics) The function $\mathrm {cis} (x)=\cos x+i\sin x$.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪs/
• Rhymes: -ɪs
• Homophone: sis

Etymology 1

From Latin cis (“on this side (of), on the near or same side”). Doublet of he, it, here, hither, and hence.

Adjective

cis (not comparable)

1. (biology) Having two mutations on two genes on the same chromosome of a homologous pair.
2. (cytology) Of the side of the Golgi apparatus nearer to the endoplasmic reticulum.
3. (physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a double bond in which the greater radical on both ends is on the same side of the bond.
   • 1984, American Chemical Society. Division of Polymer Chemistry, Papers Presented at the ... Meeting:

     9 is thought to survive longer when the CH = CH bond is cis and to favour the formation of another cis double bond in a propagation reaction involving its displacement by monomer. 10, on the other hand, is more likely to yield a trans double bond […]

   • 2007, Vickie A. Vaclavik, Elizabeth W. Christian, Essentials of Food Science, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 277:

     However, a cis double bond causes a kink in the chain. (A cis double bond introduces a bend of about 42 into the linear hydrocarbon chain.)

   • 2015, William P Edwards, The Science of Bakery Products, Royal Society of Chemistry, →ISBN, page 26:

     A cis double bond is one where the hydrogen atoms are both on the same side. In contrast, a trans double bond has them on the opposite side.

4. (physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a coordination compound in which the two instances of a particular ligand are adjacent to each other.

   The cis effect is the labilization of ligands which are cis to certain other ligands.

Antonyms

• trans

Related terms

terms related to cis

• cis-
• cisalpine
• cis-gender
• cis-trans isomerism

Translations

biology

chemistry

• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 順式／顺式 (seon⁶ sik¹)

  Mandarin: 順式／顺式 (zh) (shùnshì) (shùnshì)

• French: cis (fr)
• Japanese: シス
• Russian: цис- (cis-)

Etymology 2

Clipping of cisgender or cissexual, ultimately from Latin cis.

Alternative forms

• CIS (proscribed)

Adjective

cis (not comparable)

2. Cisgender (or sometimes cissexual): not trans (transgender or transsexual) nor non-binary.

   Coordinate term: trans

   • 2017 November 21, Trish Bendix, quoting Ashlee Marie Preston, “Why it matters that transgender women are speaking out about Jeffrey Tambor — and that people are listening”, in Yahoo! Lifestyle‎^[2]:

     We're demonized and criminalized as perverts out to trick and deceive cis hetero men; therefore anything that happens to us, we 'had coming.'

   • 2019 January 17, James Acaster: Cold Lasagne Hate Myself 1999‎^[3], spoken by James Acaster:

     Oh yeah, because you know who's been long overdue a challenge? The trans community. Oh, they've had their guard down for too long if you ask me. They'll all be checking their privilege on the way home now thanks to you, you brave little cis boy!

   • 2019 September 24, Johnathan Van Ness, Over the Top: A Raw Journey to Self-Love, HarperCollins, →ISBN, pages 117–118:

     The reality is that LGBTQ+ people face challenges at disproportionally higher rates than their straight counterparts — drug use, sex work, and financial instability can be an unfortunate result. My privilege as a young cis white man whose parents weren't going to let me drown afforded me the ability to make those mistakes and live to talk about it.

Usage notes

• Compare cis- and its usage notes. See also the usage notes for cis and cisgender in the latter's entry.

Derived terms

• allocishet
• anticistamines
• cisbi
• cis female
• cisgender
• cis guy
• cishet
• cis lesbian
• cis male
• cis man
• cisman
• cisnormative
• cisnormativity
• cisoid
• cis person
• cisphobia
• cis privilege
• cissexual
• cissplain
• cistem
• cistemic
• cister
• cis woman
• ciswoman
• still cis though

 

Translations

cisgender

• Esperanto: cisgenra
• French: cis (fr)
• German: cis (de)
• Italian: cis
• Norwegian: please add this translation if you can
• Polish: cis (pl)
• Polish: cis (pl)
• Spanish: cis (es)
• Swedish: cis (sv)

Anagrams

• -ics, CSI, ICS, ICs, I²Cs, SCI, SIC, Sci., sci, sci., sic

Czech

Noun

cis n (indeclinable)

1. C-sharp

Further reading

• “cis”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “cis”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Ido cis, from Latin cis.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [t͡sis]
• Hyphenation: cis

Preposition

cis

1. (nonstandard) on this side of

   Synonyms: ĉi-flanke de, maltrans

   Antonym: trans

   Ili loĝas cis tiuj montoj. ― They live on this side of those mountains.

   • 2003, Aleksander Korĵe (tr.), “Palto”, in Rusa novelaro‎^[4], Kaliningrad: Sezonoj, translation of original by Nikolaj Gogol, archived from the original on 8 May 2013:

     ...la mortinta oficisto komencis aperi eĉ cis la ponto Kalinkin, kaŭzante grandan timon al ĉiuj malkuraĝuloj.

     ...the dead office worker began to appear even on this side of the Kalinkin bridge, causing great fear to all cowards.

   • 2010 September, Donald Broadribb, “Pri tramoj kaj tasoj da teo”, in Mirmekobo, number 10, page 24:

     Trans la strato, laŭ mia vidkapablo, troviĝas nur amaso da arboj; kaj cis, malnovaj mallarĝaj domoj kun komunaj muroj kaj nur etaj gazonoj, kvazaŭ oni devis enŝovi ilin pro manko de spaco.

     Across the street, as far as I can see, is found only a mass of trees; and on this side, little old houses with common walls and only small lawns, as if one had to shove into them for lack of space.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:cis.

See also

• apud (“beside”)

Finnish

Etymology

From German Cis (German key notation).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsis/, [ˈs̠is̠]

Noun

cis

1. (music) C-sharp

Usage notes

• Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
• In speech, the declension is often: cissän, cissää, similar to ässä.

Declension

Inflection of cis (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		cis	cisit
genitive		cisin	cisien
partitive		cisiä	cisejä
illative		cisiin	ciseihin
		singular	plural
nominative		cis	cisit
accusative	nom.	cis	cisit
	gen.	cisin
genitive		cisin	cisien
partitive		cisiä	cisejä
inessive		cisissä	ciseissä
elative		cisistä	ciseistä
illative		cisiin	ciseihin
adessive		cisillä	ciseillä
ablative		cisiltä	ciseiltä
allative		cisille	ciseille
essive		cisinä	ciseinä
translative		cisiksi	ciseiksi
abessive		cisittä	ciseittä
instructive		—	cisein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of cis (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative cisini cisini accusative nom. cisini cisini gen. cisini genitive cisini cisieni partitive cisiäni cisejäni inessive cisissäni ciseissäni elative cisistäni ciseistäni illative cisiini ciseihini adessive cisilläni ciseilläni ablative cisiltäni ciseiltäni allative cisilleni ciseilleni essive cisinäni ciseinäni translative cisikseni ciseikseni abessive cisittäni ciseittäni instructive — — comitative — ciseineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative cisisi cisisi accusative nom. cisisi cisisi gen. cisisi genitive cisisi cisiesi partitive cisiäsi cisejäsi inessive cisissäsi ciseissäsi elative cisistäsi ciseistäsi illative cisiisi ciseihisi adessive cisilläsi ciseilläsi ablative cisiltäsi ciseiltäsi allative cisillesi ciseillesi essive cisinäsi ciseinäsi translative cisiksesi ciseiksesi abessive cisittäsi ciseittäsi instructive — — comitative — ciseinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative cisimme cisimme accusative nom. cisimme cisimme gen. cisimme genitive cisimme cisiemme partitive cisiämme cisejämme inessive cisissämme ciseissämme elative cisistämme ciseistämme illative cisiimme ciseihimme adessive cisillämme ciseillämme ablative cisiltämme ciseiltämme allative cisillemme ciseillemme essive cisinämme ciseinämme translative cisiksemme ciseiksemme abessive cisittämme ciseittämme instructive — — comitative — ciseinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative cisinne cisinne accusative nom. cisinne cisinne gen. cisinne genitive cisinne cisienne partitive cisiänne cisejänne inessive cisissänne ciseissänne elative cisistänne ciseistänne illative cisiinne ciseihinne adessive cisillänne ciseillänne ablative cisiltänne ciseiltänne allative cisillenne ciseillenne essive cisinänne ciseinänne translative cisiksenne ciseiksenne abessive cisittänne ciseittänne instructive — — comitative — ciseinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative cisinsä cisinsä accusative nom. cisinsä cisinsä gen. cisinsä genitive cisinsä cisiensä partitive cisiään cisiänsä cisejään cisejänsä inessive cisissään cisissänsä ciseissään ciseissänsä elative cisistään cisistänsä ciseistään ciseistänsä illative cisiinsä ciseihinsä adessive cisillään cisillänsä ciseillään ciseillänsä ablative cisiltään cisiltänsä ciseiltään ciseiltänsä allative cisilleen cisillensä ciseilleen ciseillensä essive cisinään cisinänsä ciseinään ciseinänsä translative cisikseen cisiksensä ciseikseen ciseiksensä abessive cisittään cisittänsä ciseittään ciseittänsä instructive — — comitative — ciseineen ciseinensä

Derived terms

compounds

• Cis-duuri
• cis-molli

 

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sis/

Preposition

cis

1. on this side of (anything)

   Cis la rivero la tereno esas pasable sika.

   On this side of the river the terrain is pretty dry.

Antonyms

• trans (“on the other side of, beyond, across”)

Derived terms

• cisa (“hither (on this side)”)
• cise (“(on) this side”)
• cisalpa (“cisalpine”)
• cis-

Descendants

• Esperanto: cis

Noun

cis (uncountable)

1. C sharp

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish ces (“basket, hamper, pannier; bee-hive, skep; causeway of hurdles”), from Old Norse kesja, Latin cista.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [cɪʃ]

Noun

cis f (genitive singular cise, nominative plural ciseanna)

1. wicker container; basket, crate
2. plaited or crossed twigs as support for causeway

Alternative forms

• ceas f

Noun

cis f (genitive singular cise)

1. restraint; (golf) handicap

Declension

Declension of cis

Second declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative cis ciseanna Vocative a chis a chiseanna Genitive cise ciseanna Dative cis ciseanna

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an chis na ciseanna Genitive na cise na gciseanna Dative leis an gcis don chis leis na ciseanna

Derived terms

• ciseadóir m (“wicker-worker; basket-maker”)
• ciseán m (“(wicker) basket”)
• ciseog f (“shallow basket”)
• cispheil f (“basketball”)

 

Related terms

• ciseadóireacht f (“wicker-work; basketry”)

Verb

cis (present analytic ciseann, future analytic cisfidh, verbal noun ciseadh, past participle ciste) (transitive, intransitive)

1. stand, place one's weight (ar (“on”))
2. restrain
3. (sports) handicap

Conjugation

conjugation of cis (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	cisim	ciseann tú; cisir†	ciseann sé, sí	cisimid	ciseann sibh	ciseann siad; cisid†	a chiseann; a chiseas / a gciseann*	cistear
	past	chis mé; chiseas	chis tú; chisis	chis sé, sí	chiseamar; chis muid	chis sibh; chiseabhair	chis siad; chiseadar	a chis / ar chis*	ciseadh
	past habitual	chisinn / gcisinn‡‡	chisteá / gcisteᇇ	chiseadh sé, sí / gciseadh sé, s퇇	chisimis; chiseadh muid / gcisimis‡‡; gciseadh muid‡‡	chiseadh sibh / gciseadh sibh‡‡	chisidís; chiseadh siad / gcisidís‡‡; gciseadh siad‡‡	a chiseadh / a gciseadh*	chistí / gcist퇇
future		cisfidh mé; cisfead	cisfidh tú; cisfir†	cisfidh sé, sí	cisfimid; cisfidh muid	cisfidh sibh	cisfidh siad; cisfid†	a chisfidh; a chisfeas / a gcisfidh*	cisfear
conditional		chisfinn / gcisfinn‡‡	chisfeá / gcisfeᇇ	chisfeadh sé, sí / gcisfeadh sé, s퇇	chisfimis; chisfeadh muid / gcisfimis‡‡; gcisfeadh muid‡‡	chisfeadh sibh / gcisfeadh sibh‡‡	chisfidís; chisfeadh siad / gcisfidís‡‡; gcisfeadh siad‡‡	a chisfeadh / a gcisfeadh*	chisfí / gcisf퇇
subjunctive	present	go gcise mé; go gcisead†	go gcise tú; go gcisir†	go gcise sé, sí	go gcisimid; go gcise muid	go gcise sibh	go gcise siad; go gcisid†	—	go gcistear
	past	dá gcisinn	dá gcisteá	dá gciseadh sé, sí	dá gcisimis; dá gciseadh muid	dá gciseadh sibh	dá gcisidís; dá gciseadh siad	—	dá gcistí
imperative		cisim	cis	ciseadh sé, sí	cisimis	cisigí; cisidh†	cisidís	—	cistear
verbal noun		ciseadh
past participle		ciste

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Alternative forms

• cisigh

Derived terms

• cisí m (“handicapper”)

Descendants

• → Yola: kishe, kish

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cis	chis	gcis
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cis”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ces”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Italian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English cis.

Adjective

cis (invariable)

1. cis

Anagrams

• -isc-, ics, sci

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ki, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís (“this”).

Cognate with ce-dō, hi-c, ec-ce, Ancient Greek ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos, “that”), Old Irish cē (“here”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma, “to this”). More at he, here.

The accusative could be from either the adverbial derivation, a metaphor like in post and ante, or analogy with trāns.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /kis/, [kɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃis/, [t͡ʃis]

Preposition

cis (+ accusative)

1. on or to this or the near side of; short of
2. before

Antonyms

• uls

Derived terms

• citer

References

• “cis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• cis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃis/
• Rhymes: -is

Interjection

cis (Jawi spelling چيس)

1. An expression of anger
2. ouch (expression in sympathy at another’s pain)
3. ouch (reply to an insult)

Further reading

• “cis” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Middle English

Adjective

cis

1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of chis

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃiːs/

Adjective

ċīs

1. Alternative form of ċīes

Declension

Declension of ċīs — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ċīs	ċīs	ċīs
Accusative	ċīsne	ċīse	ċīs
Genitive	ċīses	ċīsre	ċīses
Dative	ċīsum	ċīsre	ċīsum
Instrumental	ċīse	ċīsre	ċīse
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ċīse	ċīsa, ċīse	ċīs
Accusative	ċīse	ċīsa, ċīse	ċīs
Genitive	ċīsra	ċīsra	ċīsra
Dative	ċīsum	ċīsum	ċīsum
Instrumental	ċīsum	ċīsum	ċīsum

Declension of ċīs — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ċīsa	ċīse	ċīse
Accusative	ċīsan	ċīsan	ċīse
Genitive	ċīsan	ċīsan	ċīsan
Dative	ċīsan	ċīsan	ċīsan
Instrumental	ċīsan	ċīsan	ċīsan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ċīsan	ċīsan	ċīsan
Accusative	ċīsan	ċīsan	ċīsan
Genitive	ċīsra, ċīsena	ċīsra, ċīsena	ċīsra, ċīsena
Dative	ċīsum	ċīsum	ċīsum
Instrumental	ċīsum	ċīsum	ċīsum

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “cís”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[5], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey, editors (2018), “cīs”, in Dictionary of Old English: A to I ⁠‎^[6], Toronto: University of Toronto, →OCLC.

Polish

cis sense 1

cis sense 2

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tisъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕis/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -is
• Syllabification: cis
• Homophone: Cis

Noun

cis m inan (related adjective cisowy)

2. yew (any tree of the genus Taxus)
4. yew (wood of the yew)

Declension

Declension of cis

	singular	plural
nominative	cis	cisy
genitive	cisa/cisu	cisów
dative	cisowi	cisom
accusative	cis	cisy
instrumental	cisem	cisami
locative	cisie	cisach
vocative	cisie	cisy

Derived terms

adjectives

• cisawy
• cisowaty

 

nouns

• cisina

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Cis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sis/
• Rhymes: -is
• Syllabification: cis

Noun

cis n (indeclinable)

1. (music) C-sharp (musical note one semitone higher than a C, notated C♯)

Further reading

• cis in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• cis in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• cis in PWN's encyclopedia

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -is, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -iʃ

Adjective

cis (invariable)

1. cis, cisgender
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:cis.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /ˈθis/ [ˈθis]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈsis/ [ˈsis]
• Rhymes: -is
• Syllabification: cis

Adjective

cis (invariable)

1. cis, cisgender

Derived terms

• hombre cis
• mujer cis

 

Anagrams

• sic