Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drangijaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dregʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *drǫgъ, Proto-Celtic *dringeti (“to climb”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdrɑŋ.ɡi.jɑz/

Noun

*drangijaz m

1. stake; staff; crutch; support
2. man; servant

Inflection

masculine ja-stemDeclension of *drangijaz (masculine ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*drangijaz	*drangijōz, *drangijōs
vocative	*drangī	*drangijōz, *drangijōs
accusative	*drangiją	*drangijanz
genitive	*drangijas, *drangīs	*drangijǫ̂
dative	*drangijai	*drangijamaz
instrumental	*drangijō	*drangijamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *drangī
  • Old English: dreng, drench
    • Middle English: dreng, dranch, dring, dringch, ðring
      • → Medieval Latin: drengus
        • → English: dreng, drenge
      • >? Scots: dring
  • Old Frisian: *dreng
    • North Frisian: dräng, dring (possibly borrowed from Danish)
• Old Norse: drengr
  • Icelandic: drengur
  • Faroese: drongur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: dreng; (dialectal) draing
  • Norwegian Bokmål: dreng
  • Old Swedish: drænger
    • Swedish: dräng
      • → Northern Sami: reaŋga
      • → Finnish: renki
  • Danish: dreng
    • → North Frisian: dräng, dring

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dranga”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 99-100