Appendix:Kim word lists
Appearance
The following word lists of Kim, Besmé, and Goundo are from Roberts (1999).
Note: French glosses are directly from the original source. English glosses, not in the source, are translations in progress.
List
[edit]No. | French gloss | English gloss | Goundo | Besmé | Kim (Kosop dialect) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | tête | head | pə mi | pwa | pala |
2 | cheveu(x) | hair | wosə | sɔsɔɾ | susu |
3 | œil | eye | ndʊɾʊ | ndua | ndʷaɾa |
4 | nez | nose | vw̃ãl | vũãl | vɔ̝̃r |
5 | oreille | ear | huba | hoɾo | togor |
6 | bouche | mouth | wʊ | wu | wak ̚ |
7 | dent | tooth | ɲu̯aɾ | hĩjɪm | kĩj̃ar |
8 | langue | tongue | ɗɛl | ɗelɛm | ɗɛl |
9 | cou | neck | ɗuga | wa | kãl |
10 | gorge | throat | ɗuga ɓoɾo | wa taŋəla | kãːl ɔɾmɔl |
11 | bras | arm | jugu | duo | tok ̚ |
12 | main | hand | jugu | dʒu | tok ̚ |
13 | doigt | finger | jumi vɾə | dʒu viɛ | tok ̚ via |
14 | ongle | nail | gusəma | dʒu tiːl | tok gʷãːr |
15 | sein | breast | pam pələ | paˑm | pɐm |
16 | ventre | belly | gaɾ | pʊl | laˑr |
17 | nombril | navel | kʊl | kuɾ(u)gu | hĩːl |
18 | dos | back | hãˑɾ | har | gõ |
19 | fesse | buttocks | ɗĩˑl mbəl | mbuɾ | peː |
20 | jambe | leg | kwə | ku | koː |
21 | genou | knee | gul | gubal | ko ɾusu |
22 | pied | foot | kwə | ku | koː |
23 | peau | skin | dama | huə | bɔl |
24 | os | bone | kal | kaːl | kal |
25 | sang | blood | tʃʊm | tʃɔm | sɔma |
26 | urine | urine | tʃʊm | tʃum | su̯am |
27 | cœur | heart | huwal | toːl | |
28 | homme | man | nəbə gasə | sunu | ndu sɔn |
29 | femme | women | gəjə | dʒɔnɔ | ndu gwale |
30 | enfant | child | vɾə | viɛ ~ vie | vi̯a |
31 | père | dad | ba-mi | baˑ | ba |
32 | mère | mother | ɲi-mi | ina | na |
33 | frère | brother | ɲi-mi | hi dɛ̝i̯ | na vi̯a |
34 | sœur | sister | j̃ĩ-mi gəjə | hi dʒɔnɔ | na vi̯a ge gwale |
35 | oncle maternel | maternal uncle | kuna-mi | kuna | na |
36 | nom | last name | jɛmi | dĩː | dĩːl |
37 | chef | chief | kɪlɪma | kɪmla | gan |
38 | chien | dog | gʊɾi | gwi | guː |
39 | chèvre | goat | gəɾə | giː | giː |
40 | poulet | chicken | dɪɾi | dɪɾi | baːɾe |
41 | vache / bœuf | cow / beef | ndaɾi | ndẽˑ | ndaj |
42 | corne | horn | tɪndər | tom | kiːm |
43 | queue | tail | sãːl | sãːl | pasãːl |
44 | chameau | camel | dʒamal | dʒamal | dʒambal |
45 | éléphant | elephant | gwĩː | guni | andalam |
46 | serpent | snake | mbuɾi | mbusu | bɔm |
47 | poisson | fish | tʃɪɾi | tʃiː | siː |
48 | oiseau | bird | ndoˑɾi | ndi | dʒoːle |
49 | fourmi | ant | məɾə | mbiaɾ | vuɾmi |
50 | araignée | spider | lɪgər | baŋgi | dadale |
51 | scorpion | scorpion | ɗɪsəndə | huɾtu | huɾtu |
52 | pou de tête | head louse | ŋgɪɾsa | gɪɾsa | giɾsa |
53 | arbre | tree | uɾa | ura | ʔwaɾa |
54 | branche | plugged | uɾa jugu | gɾaŋ | ʔwaɾa tok |
55 | feuille | leaf | uɾa wosə | do | gar |
56 | écorce | bark | uɾa hãːɾ | ɓɛllo | bɔl(ɔ)gɔ |
57 | racine | root | uɾa haw | haw | toː |
58 | fleur | flower | bũː | bulu | ʔwaɾa wak fɔlla |
59 | (graine de) semence | seed | saksu | saksu | jir |
60 | herbe | grass | suə | su̯o | suɣuɾ |
61 | ciel | sky | tʃəˑ | vidʒɪŋ | digi |
62 | nuage | cloud | məlalĩː | pɛndɛl | pĩːr |
63 | soleil | sun | gəbə | go | gjala |
64 | lune | moon | tɪbə | tu̯o | saba |
65 | nuit | night | tʃu ɗaˑbəl | ɗaːl | ɗaːl |
66 | étoile | star | fəɾsə | bandi | gwãːr |
67 | vent | wind | tʃaˑm | tʃɪtʃam | saˑm |
68 | terre | earth | tuˑsə | tur | suar |
69 | colline | hill | walaŋ | ndiːl | ndʒal |
70 | pierre | stone | ndɛl | ndiːl | ndʒal |
71 | sable | sand | vəgəm | vɔɣɔm | kafɛdɛm |
72 | poussière | dust | kudo | kudo | kuːtʃi |
73 | caillou | pebble | ndʒɪgəlɪ | gɛl | tuɾum |
74 | eau | water | mam | mam | mam |
75 | rosée | dew | mbjɛːr | mbiːr | mbjar |
76 | rivière | river | kundʒɪɾ | kosəgo | maŋgadam |
77 | feu | fire | ʔwal | ʔwal | ol |
78 | fumée | smoke | ʔwal tʊm | ʔwal tom | ol sɔma |
79 | braise | ember | ʔwal wʊ̯ə | ʔwal wu | ol wak jɛŋɛl |
80 | an | year | ɗɪgəl | di(j)al | dɛl |
81 | saison pluvieuse | rainy season | kuɾpʊl | wusum | watuwak |
82 | saison sèche | dry season | tʃo fəj̃ | wutʃɪl pwa | somor |
83 | village | town | kʊɾo pəl | dʒʲɛ pwa | su̯al |
84 | champ | field | gaˑsə | gaːsu | gɑˑso |
85 | chemin | path | vəna | vʊmpʊl | vĩɛ̃ː |
86 | maison | house | ʔja | dʒʲɛ | jal |
87 | lit | bed | tiːr | tiːl | saŋal |
88 | trou | hole | taˑbə | tau̯ | tuːl |
89 | ordure | filth | tol pələ | tĩj̃al | gubu |
90 | habit | habit | badᶤgə | baɾ | bãːr |
91 | calebasse | calabash | ɗuŋgo | ɗaŋgi | pũw̃al |
92 | marmite | cooking pot | jəbɾi | tig(i)ɾi | kadʒãːle |
93 | viande | meat | sĩːl | sĩːl | duˑr |
94 | sel | salt | dum | dum | nu̯am |
95 | huile | oil | num | num | num |
96 | œuf | egg | fãːr | fũãɾ | fãːr |
97 | lait | milk | pam | paˑm | pam |
98 | faim | hunger | komol | komol | kjamal |
99 | soif | thirst | mam ɲɛˑl | mam ɲuːɾ | mam ndʒual |
100 | corde | rope | hal | haːl | taˑl |
101 | fer | iron | wulma | humla | walam |
102 | couteau | knife | vəlɛ̃ĩ̯ | wulei̯ | ŋwaːle |
103 | guerre | war | həu̯ | pɔ̝ɾi waɾa | pɔɾe |
104 | un | one | mʊndo | mbɾaŋ | ɗu |
105 | deux | two | tʃɪɾo | tʃɪɾi | aziˑ |
106 | trois | three | hãːsə | hɑ̃ːsi | ataː |
107 | quatre | four | ndaːsə | ndaj | andaʔ |
108 | cinq | five | hĩːtə | ndi̯aɾa | anu̯ãj̃ |
109 | six | six | tʃwalmaj̃ | maːŋgul | mɛnɛŋgal |
110 | sept | seven | tʃoltʃɪɾo | ɗĩãːɾa | ɓjɛlar |
111 | huit | eight | ndandaːsə | ndaˑsi | tiːmal |
112 | neuf | nine | dəma dwalmaj̃ | noːmina | lamaˑɗu |
113 | dix | ten | wəl | wal | wol |
114 | onze | eleven | wəl mbuɾu mundo | wal pwa mbɾaŋ | wol paɾa ɗu |
115 | vingt | twenty | dʒɔŋ tʃʊɾo | wei̯ tʃiɾi | waɾ aˑziˑ |
116 | cent | hundred | kusu | kɪs | kis |
117 | beaucoup | many | bɪdʒaj̃ | ɗigila | gɛ̃ |
118 | peu | few | kᶤsᶤkaŋ | ndi | wʊdʊge |
119 | tout | all | dɛl | vɛt ̚ | mʷadak ̚ |
120 | bon | good | ban | kuɾa | kʷaɗa |
121 | mauvais | bad | wʊla | vũãl | sɔne |
122 | vieux | old | mbagʊl | mbaɣəla | sabar |
123 | nouveau | new | fiɾi | fĩː | gĩj̃al |
124 | chaud | hot | gəsəɾi | zal | zaleja |
125 | froid | cold | tĩː | tɪli | ʔjalam |
126 | haute taille | tall | landaŋ | gwãːɾi | tu̯ala |
127 | petite taille | short (height) | gul | tʃɪndei̯ | sɔɾe |
128 | long | long | landaŋ | gwãːɾi | tu̯ala |
129 | court | short | gul | tʃɪndei̯ | sɔɾe |
130 | lourd | heavy | ndəgaɾi | ndial | dũːl |
131 | léger | lightweight | fɔgəl | fãːgi | fogor |
132 | plein | full | wuː | wi | wiːja |
133 | vide | empty | fʊkala | boː | pũːl |
134 | propre | clean | kunãj̃ | kunei̯ | kwãj̃al |
135 | sale | dirty | gumuɾ | kumsuɾ | pisil |
136 | sec | dry | fə̃j̃ | fĩː | fĩj̃al |
137 | rouge | red | tʃɪla ~ tʃɪlaɾi | tʃɪlei̯ | kaːl |
138 | noir | black | gumi | humi | pisil |
139 | blanc | white | səga ~ səgaɾi | sɪgei̯ | saːl |
140 | partir | go | həɾə | mbo | mbo |
141 | venir | come | naŋ | mbo gɪni | mbo ja |
142 | arriver | arrive | naŋ | mbo gɪni | tã |
143 | se lever | get up | i tʃə | ɗɪgei̯ | dage |
144 | s'asseoir | sit | tʃə kᶤlə | tʃɪ gali | kase |
145 | se coucher | go to bed | fə kᶤlə | fu̝ gali | fise |
146 | tomber | fall | buɾ | haŋəli | de |
147 | marcher | walk | həɾə | mbɔ̝ | mbo |
148 | courir | run | səɾə | sum | so |
149 | nager | to swim | ʔuə̯m | o̞ | ɔ̃ː |
150 | voler (oiseau) | fly (bird) | i tʃə | ɗɪgei̯ | dage |
151 | voir | see | gʷəl | gwal | ndi |
152 | entendre | hear | togo nu | tɔ̃ː | zã |
153 | sentir (odorat) | feel (smell) | wuɾ | hu | hu |
154 | donner naissance | to give birth | wʊlə | ho | toˑ |
155 | mourir | pass away | sʊɾo | sijə | suː |
156 | dormir | sleep | fʊdam | fodum | fi dam |
157 | souffler | blow | usu | ʊˑsi | uːsi |
158 | siffler | whistle | kʷəɾ | koːɾi | fjage |
159 | enfler | swell | sodu | sə | dage |
160 | sucer | suck | soi̯ | soˑbi | sɔme |
161 | cracher | spit | taŋ wʊɾʊm | pa ho̞ɾo̞m | sɛ̃ː |
162 | tousser | cough | wasa | hɔ̝ŋɾi | hoɾe |
163 | vomir | vomit | kuːr | ku | kuˑ |
164 | aboyer | to bark | mba ili | go | go |
165 | mordre | bite | ɲo | ɲo | nõː |
166 | manger | eat | dʒam | dʒʊ̝m | za |
167 | boire | drink | ndɾo | ndo | ndʒoː |
168 | vouloir | want to | gəj | gɛ̃j̃ | ɓjaɾe ~ ɓɛɾɛ |
169 | avoir peur | to fear | kəɾə vaɾ | sum vaɾ | soː vo |
170 | savoir | know | gʷəl | gwal | kwa |
171 | penser, réfléchir | think | iɾmu | dɔ ~ dʷɔ | do̯a |
172 | compter | count | ŋgagu | kaɾ | isi |
173 | souffrir, avoir mal | suffer, hurt | dĩː du | dĩˑ ndu̯a | ndʒo |
174 | rire | laugh | ʔwaɾa tʃwal | ma tʃʊl | maˑ |
175 | pleurer | cry | fiː | fiː | fjaː |
176 | dire | say | kanu kaɾi | kei̯ ~ kəi̯ | dʒã |
177 | demander | request | tĩː | mbuk | ɛle |
178 | chanter | sing | jaˑ sĩˑ | hãː tʃĩː | mbaː |
179 | danser | dance | jaːl | nda | nda |
180 | jouer | play | kəɾə vəgə | waɾa | mbaː |
181 | donner | give | na | ni | hɔ̃ |
182 | montrer | to show | di | dĩː | ŋgaj |
183 | envoyer | send | ʔanuː | hɔ̃ˑ | tɛmɛ |
184 | acheter | buy | jɛɾ | ji | ja |
185 | marier | marry | ʔam | mbok | sãː |
186 | lutter | wrestle | dabə səgə | sɪk kaɾga | ke kjaɾga |
187 | tuer | kill | ma | mɛj | hũː |
188 | voler (dérober) | steal | sobaɾi | tʃo | se |
189 | prendre | take | ja | jɛj | he |
190 | amener | lead | naŋ ni | mbo tʃiŋ gɪni | gɛne |
191 | chercher | search | ɲaː | ɲa | ɓɛɾɛ |
192 | trouver | find | kõː | kwi | ɓoː |
193 | pousser | push | wasi | ɔsi ~ wasi | ɓj̃ãː |
194 | tirer | shoot | təŋgəɾ | pĩ / tɛŋgəɾi | zwaˑ |
195 | lier, attacher | tie | vuː | ha | vaː |
196 | frapper | hit | tʃiː | po | ija |
197 | fendre | cleave | gəj̃ | gɛ̃j̃ | wage |
198 | gratter | scratch | kjɛ | fãː | faŋe |
199 | presser | press | ɓəɾgə | ɓɛɾsi | ɓɛɾse |
200 | laver (quelque chose) | wash (something) | wuɾ | hʊ̝ɾ | usi |
201 | brûler | burn | tʃʊɾʊ | ja | tiː |
202 | lancer | launch | waɾa | wa | mba |
203 | verser | pay | taŋ | taŋ | kã |
204 | enterrer | bury | mbu | mbu | mbuː |
205 | cacher | hide | wa | wɛi̯ ~ wəi̯ | wo̯e |
206 | travailler | to work | kəɾə hũw̃ə | ki huŋwal | ke tɛmɛl |
207 | balayer | sweep | gəsa | gisi | gisi |
208 | tresser | plait | tʃi | hək | mboː |
209 | cultiver | cultivate | gasə | ga | ga |
210 | préparer la nourriture | prepare food | kəɾə wʊɾʊ dʒam | dʒi | ke kãzam |
211 | ici | here | ka niː | tʃʷanidʒi | gogo |
212 | près | near | jɛna | muŋ | gu̯aʔ |
213 | là-bas | over there | kaɗei̯ | ini | jago |
214 | loin | far | ɲi̯ɛl | ɲĩal | kaːl |
215 | à droite | right | jumu gasəŋ | kɛlɛ sunu | le matosɔn |
216 | à gauche | left | jumu gular | kɛlɛ gulei̯ | le magul |
217 | maintenant | now | naː ni | dʒɔk ̚ dʒɔk ̚ | seseno |
218 | hier | yesterday | daŋəna | kodaŋ | dana |
219 | demain | tomorrow | odʒəŋ | kɛsɛɾ | kʷap |
220 | où | or | ka dɪɾi ba | ga diɛ | da |
221 | quand | when | wadə | aduo | madɛl |
222 | comment | how? | naŋ wei̯ ba | ɲani | gɛna |
223 | qui | who | neˑɗo | ki̯ɛɾɛ | wudi |
224 | quoi | what | naŋ | wuni | kɛɗa |
225 | je / moi | I / me | mi | mi | mbi |
226 | tu / toi | you | mu | mu | mɔ |
227 | il, elle / lui | he / she / him | oni | hini | na |
References
[edit]- Roberts, James. 1999. Goundo: langue tchadienne en voie d'extinction. In Travaux de linguistique Tchadienne, 1-13. N'Djaména, Tchad: N'Djamena: Université de N'Djamena.