績

See also: 绩

績	U+7E3E, 績 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E3E

← 總
[U+7E3D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

縿 →
[U+7E3F]

Translingual

Han character

績 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 女火手一金 (VFQMC), four-corner 2598₆, composition ⿰糹責)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 936, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27845
Dae Jaweon: page 1376, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3441, character 1
Unihan data for U+7E3E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
債	ʔsreːɡs, ʔsreːɡ
積	ʔseɡs, ʔseɡ
刺	sʰeɡs, sʰeɡ
莿	sʰeːɡs, raːds
㓨	*sʰeɡs
朿	*sʰeɡs
漬	*zeɡs
耫	zraːd, zreːɡ
嘖	ʔsraːɡ, ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀	sreːɡ, sʰloːɡ, sloːɡ, l̥ʰoɡ
捒	sreːɡ, sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘	*ʔsreːɡ
簀	*ʔsreːɡ
嫧	ʔsreːɡ, sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮	*ʔsreːɡ
責	*ʔsreːɡ
皟	*sʰreːɡ
憡	*sʰreːɡ
策	*sʰreːɡ
筴	sʰreːɡ, kreːb, *keːb
拺	sʰreːɡ, sreːɡ
賾	*zreːɡ
鰿	zreːɡ, ʔseɡ
擌	*sreːɡ
蹟	*ʔseɡ
襀	*ʔseɡ
磧	*sʰeɡ
洓	*sʰeɡ
績	*ʔseːɡ
勣	*ʔseːɡ
樍	*ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseːɡ) : semantic 糸 (“thread”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ) – to spin thread.

Etymology 1

trad.		績
simp.		绩
alternative forms		勣／𪟝

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì, jī

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ, ㄐㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zik¹ / zek³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chit

(Hailu, HRS): zid

(Meixian, Guangdong): jid⁵
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zih⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chek / chiak / chit / cheh

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêh⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ji
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zik¹ / zek³
  - Yale: jīk / jek
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁷ / dzek⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig¹ / zég³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵/, /t͡sɛːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chit
  - Hakka Romanization System: jid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sit̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sit̚¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zid
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sit⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zih⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zih⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
  - Tâi-lô: tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
  - Tâi-lô: tsiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheh
  - Tâi-lô: tseh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡seʔ³²/

Note:

chek/chiak — literary ("achievement");
chit — common variant (俗);
cheh — vernacular ("to spin into thread").

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêh⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseh
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seʔ²/

Middle Chinese: tsek

Rime
Character	績
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	則歷切
Baxter	tsek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sek̚/
Wang Li	/t͡siek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡siek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤek/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔseːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	績	績
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsek ›	‹ tsek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁek/	/*[ts]ˁek/
English	twist, spin	achieve; achievement
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	績
Reading #	1/1
No.	1782
Phonetic component	朿
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	績
Old Chinese	/*ʔseːɡ/

Definitions

績

to spin hemp into thread
achievement; accomplishment
alt. forms: 勣／𪟝 (jì)

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad.		績
simp.		绩
alternative forms		襀／𫌀借

Pronunciation

Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): za⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chioh

Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: za⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chioh
  - Tâi-lô: tsioh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioiq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sioʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sioʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sioʔ³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sioʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤʔ³²/

Definitions

績 (Southern Min)

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to spin hemp into thread for weaving

Compounds

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “绩”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 563.

Japanese

Kanji

績

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

to spin thread or yarn

Readings

Korean

Hanja

績 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

績: Hán Nôm readings: tích

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.