絆

See also: 绊

絆	U+7D46, 絆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D46

← 絅
[U+7D45]

CJK Unified Ideographs

絇 →
[U+7D47]

Translingual

Han character

絆 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女火火手 (VFFQ), four-corner 2995₀, composition ⿰糹半)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 921, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27376
Dae Jaweon: page 1354, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3386, character 1
Unihan data for U+7D46

Chinese

trad.		絆
simp.		绊

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (半) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
半	*paːns
絆	*paːns
靽	*paːns
姅	paːns, pʰaːns
拌	pʰaːn, baːnʔ
拚	pʰaːn, brons, pʰaːn, puns
坢	*pʰaːnʔ
判	*pʰaːns
泮	*pʰaːns
頖	*pʰaːns
胖	*pʰaːns
冸	*pʰaːns
牉	*pʰaːns
柈	*baːn
伴	baːnʔ, baːns
叛	*baːns
畔	*baːns
袢	*ban

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːns) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bàn (ban⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pan⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): bun⁶ / bun³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pan
Eastern Min (BUC): buáng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): poàn / pòaⁿ / pǒaⁿ / poān / pōaⁿ
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶boe / ⁵pe; ⁵boe / ⁶buon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ban⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bàn
  - Wade–Giles: pan⁴
  - Yale: bàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bann
  - Palladius: бань (banʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pan⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰan²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bun⁶ / bun³
  - Yale: buhn / bun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bun⁶ / bun³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bun⁶ / bun³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puːn²²/, /puːn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pan
  - Hakka Romanization System: ban
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ban⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pan⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: buáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puɑŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poàn
  - Tâi-lô: puàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poaxn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /puan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /puan²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pòaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: puànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pvoax
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /puã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /puã¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /puã²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pǒaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: puǎnn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /puã²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poān
  - Tâi-lô: puān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poan
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /puan⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pōaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: puānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pvoa
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /puã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /puã²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶boe
  - MiniDict: boe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³boe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bø²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵pe; ⁵boe
  - MiniDict: pe^去; boe^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /pe⁵²³/, /bø⁵²³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶buon
  - MiniDict: buon^去
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /buõ¹¹³/

Note: ⁵pe (Suzhounese) - as in 絆一跤.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ban⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pan⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: panH

Rime
Character	絆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	博慢切
Baxter	panH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/puɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/puɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pwan^H/
Li Rong	/puɑn^H/
Wang Li	/puɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/puɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bun³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*paːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	絆
Reading #	1/1
No.	244
Phonetic component	半
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	半
Old Chinese	/*paːns/

Definitions

絆

^† fetter; shackle
^† to fetter; to shackle
to trip; to stumble
絆手絆腳／绊手绊脚 ― bànshǒubànjiǎo ― to be in the way; to be a hindrance

他被樹根絆了一下。 [MSC, trad.]
他被树根绊了一下。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā bèi shùgēn bàn le yīxià. [Pinyin]
He stumbled over the root of a tree.

差點兒絆了我一跤。 [MSC, trad.]
差点儿绊了我一跤。 [MSC, simp.]
Chàdiǎnr bàn le wǒ yī jiāo. [Pinyin]
I tripped and almost fell.
to hinder; to restrain
別讓日常事務把你絆住了。 [MSC, trad.]
别让日常事务把你绊住了。 [MSC, simp.]
Bié ràng rìcháng shìwù bǎ nǐ bànzhù le. [Pinyin]
Don't get yourself bogged down in routine work.
^† (figuratively) trap
(Eastern Min) to be annoying
者儂野絆 [Eastern Min, trad.]
者侬野绊 [Eastern Min, simp.]
ciā nè̤ng iā buáng / [t͡sia³³ nˡøyŋ⁵³ ia³³ puɑŋ²¹³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
This person is really annoying

Compounds

References

“絆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

絆

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

ties, bonds
fetters

Readings

Go-on: はん (han)
Kan-on: はん (han)
Kan’yō-on: ばん (ban)
Kun: きずな (kizuna, 絆)^{←きづな (kiduna, 絆, historical)}、つなぐ (tsunagu, 絆ぐ)、ほだされる (hodasareru, 絆される)、ほだす (hodasu, 絆す)

Compounds

絆創膏(ばんそうこう) (bansōkō, “adhesive bandage, band-aid”)
羈絆(きはん) (kihan, “bond; fetter”)
脚絆(きゃはん) (kyahan, “gaiters, leggings”)

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

絆

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Kizuna

Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
絆
きずな Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

/kiduna/ → /kid͡zuna/ → /kizuna/

Likely from Old Japanese, first attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).

The final -zuna is definitely from 綱 (tsuna, “rope”), while the initial ki- remains uncertain.

The more positive connotation of "bond" is attested in The Tale of the Heike (c. 1330).

Alternative forms

紲, 緤

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きずな [kìzúná] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
(Tokyo) きずな [kíꜜzùnà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [kʲizɨna̠]

Noun

絆(きずな) or 絆(キズナ) • (kizuna) ^{←きづな (kiduna)^?}

a bond (emotional link or connection), tie
- 1985 August 20, Taeko Watanabe, “第(だい)四十六話(わ)　時(とき)の絆(きずな)　Ⅲ [Chapter 46: The Bond of Time Ⅲ]”, in ファミリー！ [Family!], volume 10 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 183:
  
  ７年(ねん)後(ご)　キムは16になる　ハービィが望(のぞ)んだように　父(ちち)と娘(むすめ)の絆(きずな)はその時(じ)間(かん)によって清(せい)算(さん)されるのだろうか　そして　その後(のち)　新(あら)たにはじまる時(とき)は　ふたりの間(あいだ)にどんな絆(きずな)を育(はぐく)むのだろう
  Nana-nen go Kimu wa jūroku ni naru Hābyi ga nozonda yō ni chichi to musume no kizuna wa sono jikan ni yotte seisan sareru no darō ka Soshite sono nochi arata ni hajimaru toki wa futari no aida ni donna kizuna o hagukumu no darō
  7 years later, Kim turned 16. The bond between father and daughter faded away with time, just as Harvey had hoped. But then, as time went on, something else also started to blossom in both of them. A different bond.
a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away; a fetter

Proverbs

浮(うき)世(よ)の絆(きずな) (ukiyo no kizuna)
貧(ひん)は菩提(ぼだい)の種(たね)富(とみ)は輪廻(りんね)の絆(きずな) (hin wa bodai no tane tomi wa rinne no kizuna, literally “poverty is the seed of awakening, wealth is the fetter of rebirth”)

Proper noun

絆(きずな) • (Kizuna) ^{←きづな (Kiduna)^?}

a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
絆
ほだし Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
絆し

/podasi/ → /fodaɕi/ → /hodaɕi/

From Old Japanese.

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 絆す (hodasu, “to tie something up, such as a horse, as not to get away”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほだし [hòdáshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) ほだし [hòdáshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ho̞da̠ɕi]

Noun

絆(ほだし) • (hodashi)

what binds human mind and behavior from freedom; an obstacle to freedom (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away
fetters, shackles
Alternative form: ほだ (hoda)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
絆
ふもだし Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

⟨pumi₁ podasi⟩ → /pumodasi/ → /fumodaɕi/

Compound of 踏み (fumi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 踏む (fumu, “to step, tread”) + 絆 (hodashi, “rope to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟mo̞da̠ɕi]

Noun

絆(ふもだし) • (fumodashi)

a rope used to bind a horse's foot, as not to get away; a fetter

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 絆 (MC panH).

Hanja

絆 (eumhun 얽어맬 반 (eolgeomael ban))

hanja form^? of 반 (“bond”)

Compounds

반창고 (絆瘡膏, banchanggo, “band-aid”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

絆: Hán Nôm readings: bận

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]