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U+7AD9, 站
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AD9

[U+7AD8]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7ADA]

Translingual

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Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 117, +5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿卜口 (YTYR), four-corner 01160, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 870, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25742
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1300, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2707, character 28
  • Unihan data for U+7AD9

Chinese

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Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *rteːms) : semantic + phonetic (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). A relatively late character – not found in Shuowen; found in Guangyun.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms


𥩠

A Northern Chinese word attested since the 9th-10th centuries. Displaced earlier (OC *rɯb) in most modern northern Chinese varieties.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chām/chǎm - literary;
  • chàn - vernacular (俗).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 站 (立)
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂan⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡san⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂã²¹/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂan³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sã⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sã²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂan¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡san²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡san³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡san¹³/
Guiyang /t͡san²¹³/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂæ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sæ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao
Hohhot /t͡sæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ze²³/
Suzhou /ze̞³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡za²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /t͡san⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡san⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡san⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡san⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʃɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sam²²/
Nanning /t͡sam²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sam²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sam²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡saŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡saŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sam³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tam³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (9)
Final () (151)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter treamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʈˠɛmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈᵚæmH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȶɐmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈəɨmH/
Li
Rong
/ȶɐmH/
Wang
Li
/ȶɐmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ȶămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zaam3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16695
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
𪉜
Old
Chinese
/*rteːms/

Definitions

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  1. to stand
    起來起来  ―  zhànqǐlái  ―  stand up
  2. to stop; to halt
  3. (figurative) to take a firm stance; to uphold the stand
  4. a surname
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms
modern Hong Kong

Generally considered to be a Mongolian influence in the Yuan Dynasty – an abbreviation of 站赤 (zhànchì, “post stations during the Yuan Dynasty”), from Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮᠴᠢ (ǰamči, post station) (> Mongolian замч (zamč, guide; cicerone)), a derivative of Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮ (ǰam, way, path) (> Mongolian зам (zam)).

Mongolian ǰam is undoubtedly cognate with Proto-Turkic *jam (post station) (> Turkish yam; ~ Russian ям (jam)) with the same meaning; see Yam (route). Also compare Turkish yamçı (post rider), Russian ямщи́к (jamščík, drive, coachman).

There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official.

In Chinese, this word has been competing with the native equivalent 驿 (, “post station”) since its introduction. Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty saw a profusion of usages of zhàn, which was deliberately suppressed in the succeeding Ming Dynasty in favour of . Both were used in the subsequent Qing Dynasty, with zhàn eventually predominating in the modern times, being used to render the sense of "station" in modern concepts, such as "train station". Other Sinosphere countries show preference variations too: Vietnamese uses (trạm), whereas Japanese and Korean still use for "station" (Japanese (えき, ​eki), Korean (, yeok)).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • zan5 - vernacular;
  • zan4 - literary.

    Definitions

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    1. post station; relay station
    2. station; stand
      火車火车  ―  huǒchēzhàn  ―  railway station
    3. Short for 網站网站 (wǎngzhàn, “website”).
        ―  zhàncháng  ―  sysop
      B  ―  B-zhàn  ―  Bilibili
      N  ―  N-zhàn  ―  Nico Nico Douga
    Descendants
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    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Vietnamese: trạm ()

    Others:

    Compounds

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    Further reading

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings

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    • Go-on: てん (ten)てん (ten, historical)てむ (temu, ancient)
    • Kan-on: たん (tan)たん (tan, historical)たむ (tamu, ancient)

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    (cham) (hangeul )

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: trạm, trậm

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.