慣

See also: 惯

慣 U+6163, 慣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6163 ← 慢 [U+6162] CJK Unified Ideographs 慤 → [U+6164]

Translingual

Han character

慣 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心田十金 (PWJC), four-corner 9708₆, composition ⿰忄貫)

Descendants

• 惯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11111
• Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2349, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6163

Chinese

trad.		慣
simp.		惯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (毌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
毌	*koːn, *koːns
貫	*koːn, *koːns
樌	*koːns
鏆	*koːns
遦	*koːns
慣	*kroːns
摜	*kroːns
瑻	*kuːn
謴	*kuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns) – habit is what one does by heart.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guàn (guan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koan
• Northern Min (KCR): gu̿ing
• Eastern Min (BUC): gáing / guáng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge⁴ / giⁿ⁴ / guang⁴ / guong⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): koàn / koàiⁿ / kùiⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guang³ / guêng³ / guin³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵kue

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
    • Wade–Giles: kuan⁴
    • Yale: gwàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
    • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwaan³
    • Yale: gwaan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: guan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koan
    • Hakka Romanization System: guan
    • Hagfa Pinyim: guan⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ku̯an⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gu̿ing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuiŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáing / guáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaiŋ²¹³/, /kuɑŋ²¹³/

Note:

• gáing - vernacular (“accustomed”);
• guáng - literary.

• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ge⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: giⁿ⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩ⁴²/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: guang⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: guong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuoŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
    • Tâi-lô: kuàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuàinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaix
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /kuãi²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuãi¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kùiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuìnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvuix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuĩ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuĩ⁴¹/

Note:

• koàn - literary;
• kòaiⁿ/kùiⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: guang³ / guêng³ / guin³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuàng / kuèng / kùiⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ²¹³/, /kueŋ²¹³/, /kũĩ²¹³/

Note:

• guang3 - Shantou;
• guêng3 - Chaozhou;
• guin3 - dialectal usage (in 慣性).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵kue
    • MiniDict: kue^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kue
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue³⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 慣
Mandarin	Beijing	/kuan⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kaun⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kuan⁵³/
	Jinan	/kuã²¹/
	Qingdao	/kuã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/kuan³¹²/
	Xi'an	/kuã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/kuã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/kuan¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kuɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kuan²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kuan³⁵/
	Chengdu	/kuan¹³/
	Guiyang	/kuan²¹³/
	Kunming	/kuã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/kuaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/kʊ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuæ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/kuɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/kuæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/kue³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kue̞⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/kuõ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ka⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/kuɛ³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/kuːə⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/kuan⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/kuan⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuan⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kuan⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/kuɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwan³³/
	Nanning	/kʷɛn³³/
	Hong Kong	/kwan³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kuan²¹/ /kuãi²¹/ /kuĩ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kuɑŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kuiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kuaŋ²¹³/ /kũi²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kuaŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwaenH

Rime
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古患切
Baxter	kwaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuanH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨnH/
Li Rong	/kuanH/
Wang Li	/kwanH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤro[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kwænH ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁro[n]-s/
English	accustomed to
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
No.	4471
Phonetic component	毌
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	慣
Old Chinese	/*kroːns/
Notes	爾雅作貫，貫轉註字

Definitions

慣

1. to be accustomed to; to be used to
2. to spoil; to overindulge
3. (literary, or in compounds) habit; custom
4. (literary, or in compounds) habitually; usually

Synonyms

• (to be accustomed to):

Dialectal synonyms of 習慣 (“to get used to; to be accustomed to”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		習慣
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	習慣
	Malaysia	習慣
	Singapore	習慣
Cantonese	Guangzhou	慣, 習慣
	Hong Kong	慣, 習慣
	Singapore (Guangfu)	慣
Hakka	Meixian	習慣, 慣
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	慣, 慣勢
Southern Min	Xiamen	慣勢
	Quanzhou	慣勢
	Zhangzhou	慣勢
	Taipei	慣勢, 習慣 GT
	Tainan	慣勢
	Kinmen	慣勢
	Penang (Hokkien)	慣勢
	Singapore (Hokkien)	慣勢
	Shantou	習慣, 慣
	Jieyang	慣勢
Wu	Shanghai	習慣
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

• (to spoil):

edit

• 嬌／娇 (jiāo)
• 嬌慣／娇惯 (jiāoguàn)
• 嬌縱／娇纵 (jiāozòng)
• 寵愛／宠爱 (chǒng'ài)
• 放縱／放纵 (fàngzòng)
• 溺愛／溺爱 (nì'ài)

 

• (habitually):

edit

• 動輒／动辄 (dòngzhé) (literary)
• 常常 (chángcháng)
• 常時／常时 (chángshí)
• 往往 (wǎngwǎng)
• 時常／时常 (shícháng)
• 時時／时时 (shíshí)
• 每每 (měiměi)
• 終古／终古 (zhōnggǔ) (literary)
• 經常／经常 (jīngcháng)

 

Compounds

• 不慣／不惯 (bùguàn)
• 久慣牢成／久惯牢成
• 久慣老成／久惯老成
• 司空見慣／司空见惯 (sīkōngjiànguàn)
• 國際慣例／国际惯例
• 嬌慣／娇惯 (jiāoguàn)
• 嬌生慣養／娇生惯养 (jiāoshēngguànyǎng)
• 慣一／惯一
• 慣例／惯例 (guànlì)
• 慣勢／惯势
• 慣匪／惯匪
• 慣壞／惯坏 (guànhuài)
• 慣家／惯家
• 慣常／惯常 (guàncháng)
• 慣性／惯性 (guànxìng)
• 慣性定律／惯性定律
• 慣性導航／惯性导航
• 慣慣／惯惯
• 慣手／惯手
• 慣技／惯技 (guànjì)
• 慣熟／惯熟
• 慣犯／惯犯 (guànfàn)
• 慣用／惯用 (guànyòng)
• 慣用語／惯用语 (guànyòngyǔ)
• 慣甲／惯甲
• 慣竊／惯窃 (guànqiè)
• 慣縱／惯纵
• 慣習／惯习 (guànxí)
• 慣落／惯落
• 慣行犯／惯行犯
• 慣賊／惯贼
• 慣養嬌生／惯养娇生
• 打破慣例／打破惯例
• 熟慣／熟惯
• 牢成久慣／牢成久惯
• 生活習慣／生活习惯
• 看不慣／看不惯 (kànbùguàn)
• 看慣／看惯
• 瞧不慣／瞧不惯
• 習慣／习惯 (xíguàn)
• 習慣性／习惯性
• 習慣法／习惯法 (xíguànfǎ)
• 老習慣／老习惯
• 能言慣道／能言惯道
• 能說慣道／能说惯道
• 見慣不驚／见惯不惊
• 見慣司空／见惯司空
• 風俗習慣／风俗习惯 (fēngsú xíguàn)

 

References

• “慣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “惯”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 81.

Japanese

Kanji

慣

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: なれる (nareru, 慣れる, Jōyō)、ならす (narasu, 慣らす, Jōyō)、ならわし (narawashi, 慣)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
慣
かん Grade: 5
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 慣 (MC kwaenH).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

慣(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. used to; accustomed; custom; habit

Compounds

• 慣行
• 慣習
• 慣性
• 慣用
• 慣例
• 習慣

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 慣 (MC kwaenH).

Hanja

慣 (eumhun 버릇 관 (beoreut gwan))

1. hanja form^? of 관 (“custom; habit”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 관례 (慣例, gwallye, “convention, precedent”)
• 관행 (慣行, gwanhaeng, “customary practice”)
• 습관 (習慣, seupgwan, “habit”)
• 관성 (慣性, gwanseong, “inertia”)
• 관용 (慣用, gwanyong, “common usage”)
• 관습 (慣習, gwanseup, “custom, convention”)
• 관용구 (慣用句, gwanyonggu, “idiom”)
• 구관 (舊慣, gugwan, “old custom”)
• 관용음 (慣用音, gwanyong'eum)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

慣: Hán Nôm readings: quen, quán

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.