寐

寐	U+5BD0, 寐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BD0

Translingual

Han character

寐 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十女一木 (JVMD), four-corner 3029₅, composition ⿱宀⿰爿未)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 289, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7236
Dae Jaweon: page 572, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 944, character 12
Unihan data for U+5BD0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		寐
2nd round simp.		⿱宀⿰丬未
alternative forms		𥧌𥧴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (未) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
寐	*mids
魅	*mrɯds
鬽	*mrɯds
昧	*mɯːds
妹	*mɯːds
眛	maːds, mɯːds
沬	maːds, hmɯːds, *mɯds
未	*mɯds
味	*mɯds
鮇	*mɯds
菋	*mɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mids) : abbreviated semantic 㝱 (“dream”) + phonetic 未 (OC *mɯds).

Original form may have been an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 爿 (“bed”) + 人 (“person”) – a person sleeping on a bed in a room. Compare ancient forms of 夢.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s-mwəj (“to sleep; to dream”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan རྨི་བ (rmi ba, “to dream”), Tibetan རྨི་ལམ (rmi lam, “dream”), Burmese မွေ့ (mwe., “to enjoy sleep”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mèi (mei⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁶
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bi⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bī / mī

(Teochew, Peng'im): muê⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mèi
  - Wade–Giles: mei⁴
  - Yale: mèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mey
  - Palladius: мэй (mɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /meɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mei⁶
  - Yale: meih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bi⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī
  - Tâi-lô: bī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bi
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bi³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bi²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mī
  - Tâi-lô: mī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mĩ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: muê⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: muĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mue³⁵/

Middle Chinese: mjijH

Rime
Character	寐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	彌二切
Baxter	mjijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/mjɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mi^H/
Li Rong	/mi^H/
Wang Li	/mi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mi[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*mids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mèi
Middle Chinese	‹ mjij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mi[t]-s/
English	sleep
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寐
Reading #	1/1
No.	12910
Phonetic component	未
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	寐
Old Chinese	/*mids/

Definitions

寐

(literary) to sleep
Antonym: 寤 (wù)
- 吾聞之，喜而不寐。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吾闻之，喜而不寐。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wú wén zhī, xǐ ér bù mèi. [Pinyin]
  When I heard of it, I was so glad that I could not sleep.
(archaic, euphemistic) to die
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 睡覺 (“to sleep”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		臥, 寐, 寢, 眠, 睡, 就寢, 寢息
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		睡覺, 睡眠, 就寢
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	睡覺, 睡, 歇覺
	Taiwan	睡覺, 睡
	Ulanhot	睡覺
	Tongliao	睡覺
	Chifeng	睡覺
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	睡覺
	Malaysia	睡覺, 睡
	Singapore	睡覺, 睡
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	睡覺
Jilu Mandarin	Weifang (Weicheng)	睏覺
	Weifang (Fangzi)	睏覺
	Changle	睏覺
	Shouguang	睏覺
	Wulian	睏覺
	Jinan	睡覺
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	睡覺, 睡
	Weifang (Hanting)	睏覺
	Changyi	睏覺
	Gaomi	睏覺
	Zhucheng	睏覺
	Anqiu	睏覺
	Linqu	睏覺
	Qingzhou	睏覺
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	睡
	Xi'an	睡覺, 睡
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	睡
Lanyin Mandarin	Bayanhot	睡覺
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	睡瞌睡
	Wuhan	睡瞌睡, 睡
	Guiyang	睡瞌睡
	Guilin	睡覺
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	睡覺, 睡
	Yangzhou	睡覺, 上蘇州 slang
	Nantong	睏
	Hefei	睡覺
Cantonese	Guangzhou	瞓覺, 瞓, 見周公 humorous, 搵周公 humorous, 覺覺豬 childish, 瞓記
	Hong Kong	瞓覺, 瞓, 搵周公 humorous, 覺覺豬 childish, 瞓覺覺 childish, 豬豬 childish
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	瞓覺
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	瞓覺
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	睡目
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	瞓覺
	Macau	瞓覺
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	瞓覺
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	瞓
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	瞓覺
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	瞓, 睡
	Foshan	瞓覺
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	瞓覺
	Foshan (Shunde)	瞓覺
	Foshan (Sanshui)	瞓覺
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	瞓覺
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	瞇覺
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	瞓覺
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	瞓覺
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	瞓覺
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	瞓覺
	Taishan	瞓覺, 瞓
	Kaiping (Chikan)	瞓覺
	Enping (Niujiang)	瞓覺
	Heshan (Yayao)	瞓覺
	Dongguan	瞓覺
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	瞓覺
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	瞓覺
	Yangjiang	瞓覺, 瞓
	Zhanjiang	瞓覺, 曬鋪
	Nanning	睡覺
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	睡覺
	Hepu (Shatian)	睡覺, 瞓覺
	Beihai	睡覺
	Beihai (Nankang)	睡覺
	Beihai (Yingpan)	睡覺
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	睡覺
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	瞓覺
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	睡覺
	Danzhou	閉眼
	Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua)	閉眼
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	瞓覺
	Singapore (Guangfu)	瞓覺, 瞓
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	瞓覺
	Móng Cái	睡覺
Gan	Nanchang	睏覺, 睏
	Lichuan	睏覺, 睏
	Pingxiang	睏覺, 睏
Hakka	Meixian	睡目, 睡
	Xingning	睡目
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Huiyang	睡目, 睡
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Huidong (Daling)	睡目
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	睡目, 睡覺
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	睡目
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	瞓
	Boluo (Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	睡目
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	睡目
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	睡目
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	睡目
	Wuhua (Changbu)	睡目
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	睡目
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	瞓, 瞓覺
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	瞓覺
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	睡覺
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	睡覺
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	睡
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	睡覺
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	睡眼
	Liannan	睡目
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	睡眼
	Jiexi	睡目
	Changting	睡目
	Wuping	睡目
	Wuping (Pingyu)	睡目
	Liancheng	睡目
	Ninghua	歇
	Yudu	歇眼, 打席
	Ruijin	歇眼
	Shicheng	歇, 睡
	Shangyou (Shexi)	歇覺
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	睡目
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	睡目
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	睡目
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	睡目, 睡
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	睡目, 睡
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	睡目, 睡
	Hong Kong	睡目
	Luchuan	睡覺
	Sabah (Longchuan)	睡目
	Senai (Huiyang)	睡目
	Kuching (Hepo)	睡目
	Singkawang	睡目
	Singapore (Dabu)	睡目
	Bangkok (Meixian)	睡目
Huizhou	Jixi	睏覺, 睏
	Shexian	睡
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	睏
	Xiuning	睏
	Yixian	睏
	Qimen	睏
	Wuyuan	睏
Jin	Taiyuan	睡覺, 睡
	Taibus (Baochang)	睡覺
	Linhe	睡覺
	Jining	睡覺
	Baotou	睡覺
	Dongsheng	睡覺
	Haibowan	睡覺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	目䁒
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	目䁒
	Songxi	目䁒
	Zhenghe	目䁒
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	眠䁒
	Jianyang	目䁒
	Wuyishan	目䁒
	Pucheng (Shibei)	瞌眠
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	睏, 睏眠
	Fuzhou (Changle)	睏
	Fuqing	睏
	Yongtai	睏
	Gutian	睏
	Fu'an	睏
	Ningde	睏
	Shouning	睏
	Zhouning	睏
	Fuding	睏
	Matsu	睏
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	睏眠
Southern Min	Xiamen	睏
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	睏
	Quanzhou	睏
	Shishi	睏
	Anxi	睏
	Zhangzhou	睏
	Pinghe	睏
	Zhao'an	睏
	Dongshan	睏
	Taipei	睏
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	睏
	Kaohsiung	睏
	Yilan	睏
	Changhua (Lukang)	睏
	Taichung	睏
	Taichung (Wuqi)	睏
	Tainan	睏
	Taitung	睏
	Hsinchu	睏
	Kinmen	睏
	Penghu (Magong)	睏
	Penang (Hokkien)	睏
	Singapore (Hokkien)	睏
	Manila (Hokkien)	睏
	Medan (Hokkien)	睏
	Zhangping	睏
	Datian	睏
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	睏覺
	Chaozhou	夗
	Shantou	夗
	Shantou (Chenghai)	夗
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	夗
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	夗
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	睏
	Jieyang	夗, 死瞌
	Puning	夗
	Haifeng	睏, 夗
	Bangkok (Teochew)	夗
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	夗
	Singapore (Teochew)	夗
	Leizhou	瞌, 瞌覺, 睏, 歇
	Wenchang	瞌, 偃瞌
	Haikou	瞌, 偃瞌
	Qionghai	瞌, 偃瞌
	Singapore (Hainanese)	瞌
Puxian Min	Putian	睏
Puxian Min	Xianyou	睏
Central Min	Yong'an	倒眠
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	瞇
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	瞇, 瞇覺
Shehua	Fu'an	眠
	Fuding	眠
	Luoyuan	眠
	Shunchang	眠
	Cangnan	眠
	Jingning (Hexi)	眠
Wu	Shanghai	睏覺, 睏, 到蘇州去 slang
	Shanghai (Chongming)	睏
	Suzhou	睏覺, 睏, 到崑山去 slang
	Wuxi	睏覺
	Danyang	睏覺, 睏
	Hangzhou	睏覺, 睏, 到蘇州去 slang
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	睏覺, 睏
	Ningbo	睏覺, 睏
	Wenzhou	睏
	Jinhua	睏褥, 睏
Xiang	Changsha	睏覺, 睏, 睡覺
	Loudi	睏覺, 睏
	Shuangfeng	睏眼閉, 睏覺
	Quanzhou	睡覺

Compounds

References

“寐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

寐

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: み (mi)
Kan-on: び (bi)
Kun: いぬ (inu, 寐ぬ)、ねる (neru, 寐る)

Korean

Hanja

寐 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

寐: Hán Nôm readings: mị

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.