User:Holly Cheng

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I am Holly Cheng (she/her) and I am an administrator both on English Wikipedia (see nomination) and on Commons.

As a Commons admin, I am also familiar with copyrights and fair use issues, although I am not an intellectual property attorney.

My other favorite thing to do is dig through image archives such as the Library of Congress and upload suitable images. If you are so inclined, please have a look at the lists of my image uploads on Commons and on Wikipedia.

Other stuff:

User:Howcheng/quickimgdelete.js - Javascript helper file to make nominating images for deletion and tagging no source, no license, no fair use rationale, and orphaned fair use images easier.
As of November 14, 2019, I am #525 on the List of Wikipedians by number of edits, not that it means anything.

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This user is an administrator on the English Wikipedia. (verify)

This user is an administrator on Wikimedia Commons. (verify)

This user is owned by one or more cats.

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This user maintains a Facebook profile at howcheng.

This user has a Flickr account as @howcheng.

Web	This user has a website.

This user plays soccer.

This user supports Arsenal

This user supports the United States men's national soccer team.

100,000+

This user has made more than 100,000 contributions to Wikipedia.

This user is a donor to the Wikimedia Foundation. You can be one, too.

This user is a
Rouge admin.

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This user had access to HighBeam through The Wikipedia Library.

Selected anniversaries

I did almost all of the scheduling for this from November 2011 to August 2022:

November 24: Feast day of the Vietnamese Martyrs (Catholicism)

Hibiscus Rising

1542 – Anglo-Scottish Wars: English forces captured about 1,200 Scots at the Battle of Solway Moss.
1859 – British naturalist Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species was first published, and sold out its initial print run on the first day.
1976 – A magnitude-7.3 earthquake struck eastern Turkey, destroying 80 per cent of buildings in the region and causing at least 4,000 casualties.
2009 – The Avdhela Project, an Aromanian digital library and cultural initiative, was launched in Bucharest, Romania.
2023 – Hibiscus Rising (pictured), a sculpture commemorating the life of David Oluwale, was unveiled in Leeds.

Zachary Taylor (b. 1784)
Eileen Barton (b. 1924)
Tarō Yamamoto (b. 1974)
Goo Hara (d. 2019)

More anniversaries:

POTD

I used to write the blurb for this (May 2006–January 2013):

Picture of the day

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) was a NASA space mission aimed at testing a method of planetary defense against near-Earth objects. The target object, Dimorphos, is a 160-meter-long (525-foot) minor-planet moon of the asteroid Didymos. DART was launched on 24 November 2021 and successfully collided with Dimorphos on 26 September 2022 while about 11 million kilometers (6.8 million miles) from Earth. The collision shortened Dimorphos's orbit by 32 minutes and was mostly achieved by the momentum transfer associated with the recoil of the ejected debris, which was larger than the impact. This video is a timelapse of DART's final five and a half minutes before impacting Dimorphos, and was compiled from photographs captured by the Didymos Reconnaissance and Asteroid Camera for Optical navigation (DRACO), the spacecraft's 20-centimeter-aperture (7.9-inch) camera, and transmitted to Earth in real time. The replay is ten times faster than reality, except for the last six images, which are shown at the same rate at which the spacecraft returned them. Both Didymos and Dimorphos are visible at the start of the video, and the final frame shows a patch of Dimorphos's surface 16 meters (51 feet) across. DART's impact occurred during transmission of the final image, resulting in a partial frame.Video credit: NASA / Johns Hopkins APL

Archive – More featured pictures...

Trophy case

Good articles

Featured pictures I nominated

Mt. Hood, Oregon
Tamarack (Michigan) Miners
Kansas crops
Dorothea Lange
Ulysses S. Grant
Cheshire Regiment, Battle of the Somme
Erg Chebbi, Morocco
Train wreck, Gare Montparnasse, France
The Great Wave Off Kanagawa
Comet Hale-Bopp
Bee collecting pollen
Salmon larva
Camouflaged flounder
Common Raccoon
Zipper
Lilac chaser illusion
Edgar Allan Poe
Whipped slave
Crying Sudeten woman saluting Hitler
Santa Claus
Dungeness crab face
Cry for Noble Saicho
Early Autumn
California Ground Squirrel (this one I took)
James Abbot McNeill Whistler self-portrait
The Duchess of Padua
Battle of Spottsylvania
Pittsburgh, Allegheny & Birmingham

Awards

I, Fir e Fo x hereby award you this Minor Barnstar for all your brilliant minor edits! 17:21, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
For excellent work on VfD! Take care, Molotov (talk) 22:54, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
I award this Working Man's Barnstar to Howcheng for his tireless efforts on the Afd pages. Thanks for making sure every article gets a fair shake. D-Rock 05:51, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
I hereby award you the WikiMedal for Janitorial Services for cleaning out CAT:CSD, which was in a truly wretched state. Cheers. enochlau (talk) 00:19, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
For the rare occurrence creating a nice little article out of an "R with possibilies" I started (Navy-Marine Memorial), even including a picture, I hereby award you this Barnstar. — Eoghanacht April 1, 2006
The Editor's Barnstar: For removing 6000+ unencyclopedically unworthy pages from Wikipedia and helping to keep the encyclopedia in a healthy state - As a new admin, I can certainly attest to the unappetizing nature of this hard work (clearing CSD). Regards, Blnguyen • Have your say!!! 03:58, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
I hereby award howcheng the Working Man's Barnstar for tirelessly working at WP:POTD. --NauticaShad e s 14:29, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
I know this is pretty late, but I just saw the new FP page and it looks fantastic! Here's something for your effort. Raven4x4x 06:23, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
I hereby award you this technical barnstar award for your incredibly amazing image deletion and tagging tool. No longer should anyone complain that IFDs are too hard. Thank you. MECU≈talk 15:01, 20 December 2006 (UTC)
I hereby award howcheng the Working Man's Barnstar for tirelessly working at WP:POTD - you deserve another! --Fir0002 09:00, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
For your contributions to the Commons and integration to the project, as well as your warm demeanor in both places, the community thanks you. Yours, Smee 16:20, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
A long overdue recognition of all the work you put into DYK. I especially like, how you've strived (or is that striven?) to make the section more interesting by finding alternatives to the boring suggestions. Carabinieri 21:24, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
For your contributions to Wikipedia and humanity in general, you are hereby granted the coveted Random Smiley Award
originated by Pedia-I
(Explanation and Disclaimer) ♠TomasBat (@)(Contribs)(Sign!) 21:35, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
To Howcheng, for your hard work publishing everybody's newest articles, and for choosing another nice image, thank you very much. -Susanlesch 23:08, 17 April 2007 (UTC)
I, Durova, award howcheng the triple crown of Wikipedia editing for contributions to Did you know, good articles, and featured pictures. Thank you for outstanding volunteer work improving this site. Durova^Charge! 04:03, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
I, Anonymous Dissident, present Howcheng with this barnstar in recognition of both his diligence on Wikipedia and the amount of time he puts into the project (especially DYK) —ÅñôñÿMôús _{Dîššíd3nt} 02:15, 21 April 2007 (UTC)
I, Smee, hereby award you with The 25 DYK Medal, in recognition of your over 25 contributions to the Did you know? section, as featured on the Main Page. Great job, you're on your way to 100! Thank you for your contributions to the project. Yours, Smee 04:42, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
For all your hard work and flack that you receive in keeping the DYK's running Agne ^Cheese/^Wine 03:50, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
It seems like you have plenty of barnstars, so in appreciation for all of your work on DYK I present you with this dress sword. Feel free to wear it at any black tie event or other ceremonial affair. SU Linguist 16:33, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
I hereby award you this purple star for withstanding personal attacks and speculative accusations levied at you on IFD. You are also commended for keeping your cool -- most of the time. :-)
– Quadell ^{(talk) (random)} 19:05, 27 June 2007 (UTC)
I hereby award you the The Defender of the Wiki Barnstar for your work on defending the correct use of the fair use policy Bleh999 00:52, 28 June 2007 (UTC)
Dude, your image-tagging tool rocks my world. Hard. Thanks! – Quadell ^{(talk) (random)} 15:12, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
I hereby dub thee an official "Upholder of the Wiki" for thy dedicated work on WP:IFD, closing cases and reducing the backlog. Hear hear! – Quadell ^{(talk) (random)} 14:36, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
Your Imperial Majesty, it gives me great pleasure to bestow these Imperial Triple Crown Jewels in recognition of your contributions to Wikipedia. May you wear them well. Durova^Charge! 20:14, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
I notice your hard work at DYK and believe this award is long overdue.--TonyTheTiger (t/c/bio/tcfkaWCDbwincowtchatlotpsoplrttaDCLaM) 18:59, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
To Howcheng, thank you for your help with English Wikipedia featured pictures —Susanlesch 14:25, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
With the power bestowed upon me, I hereby award you, Howcheng, this humble barnstar for your tireless work at POTD. Keep it up Fcb981^{(talk:contribs)} 22:01, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
For consistently lightening the mood of Wikipedia, culminating in a good few roffles this morning after reading your comment on the Main Page talk, on the subject of that day's POTD, I award you the barnstar of Good Humour. Conga rats. —Vanderdecken∴ ∫ξ φ 11:08, 16 January 2008 (UTC)
I did the DYK update a few hours ago and wanted to thank you for checking all the articles - it was my first time to do DYK and that made things much easier (and hopefully I did everything correctly). Ruhrfisch _><>°^° 15:39, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
For all your great work. The historical posters for National Park areas are much appreciated additions.MONGO 00:37, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
WilliamH (talk) has smiled at you! Smiles promote WikiLove and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling at someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Cheers, and happy editing! WilliamH (talk) 17:21, 13 May 2008 (UTC)
Seems like someone forgot to award you this, I'm sure you should have received it long ago. Well done Howcheng! Your contributions at DYK are always appreciated. Gatoclass (talk) 23:03, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
For your tireless efforts in gathering images for the List of crossings of the Columbia River. Pete (talk), July 2008
Thank you for your diligent and consistently superb work at Template:Picture of the day. You've earned this many times over. :) Durova^Charge! 02:59, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
This Barnstar recongnizes Howcheng's tireless contributions, from Main Page management to prolific article writing to seeking out great images by others to original photography. ragesoss (talk) 03:39, 24 February 2009 (UTC)
User:Holly Cheng has been identified as an Awesome Wikipedian, and therefore, I've officially declared today as Holly Cheng's day! For being such a beautiful person and great Wikipedian, enjoy being the Star of the day, dear Holly Cheng! Peace, Rlevse 00:13, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
I was truly humbled by the overwhelming community support for the recent proposal to place featured sounds on the main page. The proposal closed on Tuesday with 57 people in support and only 2 in opposition. Thanks again for such a strong showing of support, and I hope to see you at featured sounds in the future. Sven Manguard Wha?, Adam Cuerden ^(talk), (X! · talk) 00:58, 23 February 2011 (UTC)
I don't really give out these things but I thought I should make an exception in this case! Please accept this barnstar as a small token of appreciation for all of the hard, thankless work that you do to keep the main page updating day after day. POTD and OTD simply wouldn't work half as well as they do at the moment without you. I don't think many people realise the amount of work that you do keeping all of the myriad of templates accurate and up to date. Thanks again and keep up the hard work. Woody (talk) 17:01, 11 June 2011 (UTC)
For all the POTD captions and notifications. JJ Harrison (talk) 07:31, 6 August 2011 (UTC)
Hello Howcheng! I hope you accept this cookie as an amicable greeting from a fellow Wikipedian, SwisterTwister talk 21:58, 27 August 2011 (UTC)
I kind of messed up by carelessly moving an article and you quickly fixed it. On behalf of Wikipedia, I award you this barnstar for your hard work and knowledge about Wikipedia. Metsfreak2121 (talk) 18:30, 24 March 2012 (UTC)
You are awarded this mighty Great American Wiknic Barnstar for your valorous efforts in helping to organize the 2012 Great American Wiknic in the great city of Los Angeles. -—Pharos (talk) 21:10, 2 July 2012 (UTC)
even though we can't meet, you can have a virtual cheese burger with a fellow wikipedian! Thegabster (talk) 16:34, 16 January 2013 (UTC)
For your contributions to and organization of this year's LA Wiknic Chris Troutman (talk) 08:04, 23 June 2013 (UTC)
You are awarded this mighty Great American Wiknic Barnstar for your valorous efforts in helping to organize the 2013 Great American Wiknic in the great city of Los Angeles. -—Pharos (talk) 22:59, 8 August 2013 (UTC)
Thank you for your prompt response! Amandajm (talk) 04:20, 9 October 2013 (UTC)
Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia! Gg53000 (talk) 14:09, 9 January 2014 (UTC)
Thank you for fixing my blunder in the Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/September 23 holding area, I had multiple history tabs and something went very wrong. — xaosflux ^Talk 11:44, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
For helping to achieve the impossible, here's another barnstar for the pile. —David Levy 00:31, 25 July 2015 (UTC)
Hello my friend! 2016 has been a crazzzzzy year. And 2017?! Wow... But what you do makes a huge difference - you are curating and teaching so many millions of people about so many amazing moments in history! Thank you for everything you do here and beyond - you deserve lots of warm fuzzies! DrMel (talk) 05:51, 18 December 2016 (UTC)
So stoked you made it to Wikipedia Day/LA. Thank you!JSFarman (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2017 (UTC)

DYK

Articles of mine that have appeared on Wikipedia:Did you know

Did you know:

... that researchers are studying the waters of Soap Lake in Washington with the hope of learning about life on Mars? (30 March 2006)
... that actinoform clouds form a distinct leaf-like or spokes-on-a-wheel pattern, and can spread out to over 300 kilometers across? (7 May 2006)
... that Fort Massachusetts on Ship Island was used as a staging area by the Union Army during the American Civil War, and that more than 230 Union troops were buried there? (7 May 2006)
... that the Yuba Goldfields, said to resemble intestines from the air, are a bizarre collection of gravel mountains, ponds, and streams that remained a major source of gold long after the California Gold Rush? (13 May 2006)
... that ship tracks are clouds that form around the exhaust released by ships and appear as long strings over the ocean? (14 May 2006)
... that Heart Mountain in Wyoming, USA, was transported to its current location by the largest landslide ever discovered, approximately 50 million years ago? (18 May 2006)
... that ergs are huge (> 125 km²) fields of sand dunes and that approximately 85% of all the Earth's mobile sand is found in ergs that are larger than 32,000 km²? (19 May 2006)
... that taking photos with a perspective correction or "tilt and shift" lens can mitigate the effect of vertical perspective? (27 May 2006)
... that Joe Maca played on the United States men's national soccer team in the 1950 FIFA World Cup even though he wasn't a U.S. citizen? (17 September 2006)
... that 1960 mystery film Scent of Mystery was the first and only feature-length film to be shown in Smell-O-Vision? (1 November 2006)
... that when the Brother Jonathan sank off the coast of California in 1856, it was the worst shipwreck on the Pacific Coast of the United States at the time? (4 November 2006)
... that even though Harry Love cut off and preserved the head of notorious bandit Joaquin Murrieta, many people still didn't believe the man was dead? (21 November 2006)
... that Ka Lae on the island of Hawaii is the southernmost point in the United States? (6 December 2006)
... that 16-year-old Cory Kennedy became an "Internet It girl" in 2006 without her parents even knowing? (2 March 2006)
... that the interior and exterior of the Jose Maria Alviso Adobe in Milpitas, California have not significantly changed in 150 years? (10 March 2007)
... that Frank Lloyd Wright's Hanna-Honeycomb House takes its inspiration from the hexagonal structure of a bee's honeycomb? (12 March 2007)
... that the Downtown Historic District of San Jose, California, an area of just one square block, contains buildings of six different architectural styles? (14 March 2007)
... that Ruth Comfort Mitchell Young, owner of the Yung See San Fong House in Los Gatos, California, didn't want it to be a bungalow, but a "bungahigh"? (16 March 2007)
... that when builders told Lou Henry Hoover, who designed her own house, that some of her architectural ideas weren't done, she replied, "Well, it's time someone did"? (18 March 2007)
... that the F-111 fighter, the B-1 bomber, the Space Shuttle, and the Boeing fleet of commercial airliners were all tested at the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel? (18 March 2007)
... that Eilley Bowers is one of the most researched, written and talked about women in Nevada history? (25 March 2007)
... that because of liberal divorce laws in the U.S. state of Nevada, the Riverside Hotel in Reno catered specifically to wealthy divorce-seekers? (28 March 2007)
... that the Benicia Arsenal, in Benicia, California, was once home to the short-lived U.S. Camel Corps? (28 March 2007)
... that Room 307, Gilman Hall on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley, where the element plutonium was discovered, is a United States National Historic Landmark? (30 March 2007)
... that the Alameda Works Shipyard in Alameda, California, was one of the largest and best equipped shipyards in the United States? (31 March 2007)
... that although a response to the 1885 Endicott Board recommendations for the coastal defense of San Francisco, the batteries at Fort Miley were not completed until 1902? (2 April 2007)
... that Helen Hunt Jackson's 1884 novel Ramona was set at Rancho Camulos in Piru, California? (2 April 2007)
... that Battery Chamberlin contains one of the last disappearing guns on the West Coast of the United States? (2 April 2007)
... that in five years of operation during World War II, more than 747 vessels were built in the Richmond Shipyards in Richmond, California—a feat not equaled anywhere else in the world, before or since? (8 April 2007)
... that the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park is the first national tribute to home front American women? (9 April 2007)
... that some species of Iridomyrmex ants have symbiotic relationships with caterpillars? (16 April 2007)
... that the first documented discovery of gold in California was at Rancho San Francisco in 1842, six years before the California Gold Rush? (20 April 2007)
... that the land holdings of Henry Newhall formed the basis of what is now Santa Clarita, California? (24 April 2007)
... that Six Flags Magic Mountain amusement park in California was initially built and run in the 1970s by the Newhall Land and Farming Company? (25 April 2007)
... that sandwich board-wearing human billboards gave rise to the term "sandwich man"? (8 May 2007)
... that Edward F. Boyd pioneered the concept of niche marketing in the United States by avoiding ethnic stereotypes in advertising for Pepsi? (11 May 2007)
... that the Snake River Bridge, in the U.S. state of Washington, was originally built in one location, completely dismantled, and reassembled in its current location? (14 August 2007)
... that in 1920, George Shima was dubbed "The Potato King" as he controlled 85% of California's potato market? (14 January 2008)
... that Lorenzo Sawyer was the first judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit? (14 January 2008)
... that "Big" Alma Spreckels once successfully sued an ex-lover for "personal defloweration"? (15 January 2008}
... that years after Adolph Spreckels shot M. H. de Young, the California Palace of the Legion of Honor (which he donated) and the De Young Museum merged to form the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco? (15 January 2008)
... that the San Francisco and San Mateo Electric Railway was San Francisco's first electric streetcar company? (18 January 2008)
... that when San Francisco–based photographer William Rulofson fell to his death, he was heard to have exclaimed, "I am killed"? (19 January 2008)
... that James A. Forbes planned to build the first flour mill in California, but delays in construction allowed competitors to flourish, driving down prices and forcing him into bankruptcy? (25 January 2008)
... that so many squatters were living on the property of José Joaquin Estudillo that it became known as "Squatterville"? (25 January 2008)
... that for establishing the first successful sugar beet processing plant in the United States, E. H. Dyer became known as the father of the American beet sugar industry? (26 January 2008)
... that tourists flocked to Casa de Estudillo in San Diego, California, to see "Ramona's Marriage Place" even though Ramona was a work of fiction? (29 January 2008)
... that the Royal Air Force designed the Rotabuggy as a combination autogyro/jeep? (28 April 2008)
... that the Pasco-Kennewick Bridge in Washington was the first of its size to be financed entirely by sales of stock? (2 June 2008)
... that the Columbus Monument in Barcelona, Spain, was built entirely using Spanish materials and Catalan labor? (10 July 2008)
... that startup airline Miwok Airways has been described as competing not with other carriers but the roads of Southern California? (17 September 2008)
... that yellow-bellied sliders, popular as pets, are found in a wide variety of habitats, including rivers, floodplain swamps, seasonal wetlands, and permanent ponds? (29 October 2008)
... that Ernest Peixotto′s 1916 work Our American Southwest was the first appearance of the ethnic slur "spic" in writing? (11 November 2008)
... that Knight Foundry is the last water-powered foundry in the United States? (22 November 2008)
... that when American sculptor Chester Beach was selected to the National Academy of Design, he was its youngest member (24 November 2008)
... that traditionalist American art critic Royal Cortissoz denigrated the work of modern masters such as Vincent van Gogh as being the product of "egotists"? (24 November 2008)
... that David Rubinger was the first photographer to receive the Israel Prize? (6 December 2008)
... that so many people became custom harvesters in China in the late 20th century that it was no longer possible for them to generate a profit? (6 December 2008)
... that when Frederick Gottwald lost his position as director of the Cleveland Institute of Art, he got into a fistfight with his successor? (16 December 2008)
... that American painter Leon Dabo was a spy during World War I? (16 December 2008)
... that the butterflyfish species Forcipiger longirostris has the longest Hawaiian name for any fish: lauwiliwilinukunukuʻoiʻoi? (1 May 2009)
... that until 2001, the Ohio River shrimp had not been seen in the Ohio River for 50 years? (22 April 2010)
... that the gape of nestlings of several passerine bird species have been shown to be conspicuous in the ultraviolet spectrum? (1 July 2010)
... that Jean Leon Gerome Ferris's series The Pageant of a Nation is the largest intact series of American historical paintings by a single artist? (13 August 2010)
... that Andrew Mack, prior to becoming Mayor of Detroit in 1834, had sailed around the world three times? (30 August 2010)
... that American photographer Amelia Van Buren was the subject of one of Thomas Eakins' most famous paintings? (4 September 2010)
... that Canadian artist Henry Sandham won an award at the 1878 Exposition Universelle for a composite photograph consisting of 300 separate pictures? (28 October 2010)
... that German-American photographer William Kurtz published the first color images that were widely reproduced? (9 August 2012)
... that in the first 16 years of her acting career, Lillian Lawrence appeared in over 300 operatic and 500 dramatic roles? (23 February 2013)
... that after Belgian-American photographer Aimé Dupont's death, his wife continued the business and was so successful that many of the subjects thought she was Aimé? (29 January 2014)
... that the sugar plantation in Spreckelsville, Hawaii, US, was once the largest in the world? (15 September 2015)
... that Qing dynasty ambassador to the United States Liang Cheng was a star baseball player for Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts? (14 December 2015)
... that the terms of the Treaty of Livadia between Qing China and the Russian Empire were so unfavorable to China that the negotiator Chonghou was sentenced to death? (26 March 2018)
... that the unpaid dowry owed by Lucia Visconti's family upon her marriage to Edmund Holland remained a source of friction between England and Milan for more than 60 years after her death? (21 November 2019)

Cheat sheet

The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage: With Sketches of the Family Histories of the Nobility

House of Bourbon-Parma family tree <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.borbonparma.org/flash/borbon.swf |title=Arbol Genealógical |format=[[Adobe Flash]] |publisher=House of Bourbon-Parma |access-date={{#time:Y-m-d}} |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Complete Peerage: {{cite book |editor1-first=G.E. |editor1-last=Cokayne |editor2-first=Vicary |editor2-last=Gibbs |editor3-first=H.A. |editor3-last=Doubleday |editor4-first=Geoffrey H. |editor4-last=White |editor5-first=Duncan |editor5-last=Warrand |editor6-first=Lord Howard |editor6-last=de Walden |title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant |edition=new |location=Gloucester, U.K. |publisher=Alan Sutton Publishing |year=2000 |volume=XII/2 |page=895}} 1910 edition volume 1

Burke's Peerage (2003): {{cite book|editor-last=Mosley |editor-first=Charles |title=Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage |edition=107th |volume=3 |location=Wilmington, Delaware, U.S. |publisher=Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd |year=2003}}

Burke's Peerage (1999): {{cite book|editor-last=Mosley |editor-first=Charles |title=Burke's Peerage and Baronetage |edition=106th |location=Crans, Switzerland |publisher=Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd |year=1999}}

Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France {{cite book |title=Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France |volume=1 |trans-title=Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France |author=Anselm de Gibours |author-link=Anselm de Guibours|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9lEAAAAcAAJ |publisher=La compagnie des libraires |location=Paris |language=fr |edition=3rd |year=1726 |ref={{harvid|Anselm|1726}}}}

Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/historiagenealog01sous/page/n317 |title=Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza |trans-title=Genealogical History of the Royal House of Portugal |volume=1 |language=pt |last=de Sousa |first=Antonio Caetano |publisher=Lisboa Occidental |year=1735 |at=chart 1}}

Dictionary of Royal Lineage

Historiches Lexikon der Schweiz {{cite encyclopedia |url= |title=e |encyclopedia=Historiches Lexikon der Schweiz [Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] |first= |last= |language=de}}

Digitale bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse letteren

Diccionario biográfico España {{cite encyclopedia |url= |title= |encyclopedia=Diccionario biográfico España |first= |last= |publisher=[[Real Academia de la Historia]] |language=es}}

Dictionary of Irish Biography

Dictionary of Canadian Biography

Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani {{cite encyclopedia |url= |title= |first= |last= |encyclopedia=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani |language=it |volume= |year=}}

Svenskt biografiskt lexikon {{cite encyclopedia |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id= |encyclopedia=[[Svenskt biografiskt lexikon]] |title= |volume= |year= |pages= |first= |last= |publisher=[[National Archives of Sweden]] |publication-place=Stockholm |language=sv}}

Dansk Biografisk Leksikon {{cite encyclopedia |url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/ |title= |volume= |pages= |first= |last= |encyclopedia=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon]] |editor-first=Carl Frederik |editor-last=Bricka |editor-link=Carl Frederik Bricka |language=da}}