Presenilin-2

PSEN2
Identifiers
Aliases	PSEN2, AD3L, AD4, CMD1V, PS2, STM2, presenilin 2
External IDs	OMIM: 600759; MGI: 109284; HomoloGene: 386; GeneCards: PSEN2; OMA:PSEN2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	226,927,726 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	180,091,003 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	body of pancreas; ; testicle; ; muscle of thigh; ; skeletal muscle tissue; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; islet of Langerhans; ; right adrenal gland; ; left adrenal cortex; ; right adrenal cortex; ; sural nerve;
	Top expressed in
	left lobe of liver; ; olfactory epithelium; ; lumbar spinal ganglion; ; facial motor nucleus; ; granulocyte; ; mesenteric lymph nodes; ; stroma of bone marrow; ; primary oocyte; ; iris; ; ankle joint;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	endopeptidase activity; peptidase activity; protein binding; hydrolase activity; aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving; aspartic-type endopeptidase activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; centrosome; Golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; membrane; Golgi membrane; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; soma; nuclear inner membrane; Z discdkac; endoplasmic reticulum; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; kinetochore; mitochondrial inner membrane; lysosomal membrane; cell cortex; cell surface; axon; growth cone; neuromuscular junction; ciliary rootlet; dendritic shaft; membrane raft; nucleus; early endosome; synaptic vesicle; apical plasma membrane; protein-containing complex; synaptic membrane; integral component of presynaptic membrane; intracellular anatomical structure;
Biological process	Notch signaling pathway; intracellular signal transduction; response to hypoxia; ephrin receptor signaling pathway; protein processing; positive regulation of catalytic activity; negative regulation of apoptotic process; amyloid-beta metabolic process; proteolysis; membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis; membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis; positive regulation of apoptotic process; Notch receptor processing; calcium ion transport; amyloid precursor protein catabolic process; Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent; regulation of calcium import into the mitochondrion; mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5664
	19165
	ENSG00000143801
	ENSMUSG00000010609
	P49810
	Q61144
	NM_000447; NM_012486
	NM_001128605; NM_011183
	NP_000438; NP_036618
	NP_001122077; NP_035313
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Presenilin-2 is a protein that (in humans) is encoded by the PSEN2 gene.^[5]

Function

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, such that they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. Two alternative transcripts of PSEN2 have been identified.^[6]

In melanocytic cells PSEN2 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.^[7]

Interactions

PSEN2 has been shown to interact with:

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143801 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000010609 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Levy-Lahad E, Wasco W, Poorkaj P, Romano DM, Oshima J, Pettingell WH, Yu CE, Jondro PD, Schmidt SD, Wang K (September 1995). "Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer's disease locus". Science. 269 (5226): 973–977. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..973L. doi:10.1126/science.7638622. PMID 7638622. S2CID 27296868.
^ "Entrez Gene: PSEN2 presenilin 2 (Alzheimer disease 4)".
^ Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21 (6): 665–676. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971.
^ Passer BJ, Pellegrini L, Vito P, Ganjei JK, D'Adamio L (August 1999). "Interaction of Alzheimer's presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 with Bcl-X(L). A potential role in modulating the threshold of cell death". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (34): 24007–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.34.24007. PMID 10446169.
^ Shinozaki K, Maruyama K, Kume H, Tomita T, Saido TC, Iwatsubo T, Obata K (May 1998). "The presenilin 2 loop domain interacts with the mu-calpain C-terminal region". Int. J. Mol. Med. 1 (5): 797–9. doi:10.3892/ijmm.1.5.797. PMID 9852298.
^ Stabler SM, Ostrowski LL, Janicki SM, Monteiro MJ (June 1999). "A myristoylated calcium-binding protein that preferentially interacts with the Alzheimer's disease presenilin 2 protein". J. Cell Biol. 145 (6): 1277–92. doi:10.1083/jcb.145.6.1277. PMC 2133148. PMID 10366599.
^ Buxbaum JD, Choi EK, Luo Y, Lilliehook C, Crowley AC, Merriam DE, Wasco W (October 1998). "Calsenilin: a calcium-binding protein that interacts with the presenilins and regulates the levels of a presenilin fragment". Nat. Med. 4 (10): 1177–81. doi:10.1038/2673. PMID 9771752. S2CID 10799492.
^ Choi EK, Zaidi NF, Miller JS, Crowley AC, Merriam DE, Lilliehook C, Buxbaum JD, Wasco W (June 2001). "Calsenilin is a substrate for caspase-3 that preferentially interacts with the familial Alzheimer's disease-associated C-terminal fragment of presenilin 2". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19197–204. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008597200. PMID 11278424.
^ Tanahashi H, Tabira T (September 2000). "Alzheimer's disease-associated presenilin 2 interacts with DRAL, an LIM-domain protein". Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 (15): 2281–9. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.hmg.a018919. PMID 11001931.
^ Zhang W, Han SW, McKeel DW, Goate A, Wu JY (February 1998). "Interaction of presenilins with the filamin family of actin-binding proteins". J. Neurosci. 18 (3): 914–22. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-03-00914.1998. PMC 2042137. PMID 9437013.
^ Morohashi Y, Hatano N, Ohya S, Takikawa R, Watabiki T, Takasugi N, Imaizumi Y, Tomita T, Iwatsubo T (April 2002). "Molecular cloning and characterization of CALP/KChIP4, a novel EF-hand protein interacting with presenilin 2 and voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv4". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (17): 14965–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200897200. PMID 11847232.
^ Lee SF, Shah S, Li H, Yu C, Han W, Yu G (November 2002). "Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and is required for intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid-beta precursor protein and Notch". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (47): 45013–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208164200. PMID 12297508.
^ Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (September 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing". Nature. 407 (6800): 48–54. Bibcode:2000Natur.407...48Y. doi:10.1038/35024009. PMID 10993067. S2CID 4339220.
^ Mah AL, Perry G, Smith MA, Monteiro MJ (November 2000). "Identification of ubiquilin, a novel presenilin interactor that increases presenilin protein accumulation". J. Cell Biol. 151 (4): 847–62. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.4.847. PMC 2169435. PMID 11076969.

External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Early-Onset Familial Alzheimer Disease

This article on a gene on human chromosome 1 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143801 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000010609 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7638622-5] Levy-Lahad E, Wasco W, Poorkaj P, Romano DM, Oshima J, Pettingell WH, Yu CE, Jondro PD, Schmidt SD, Wang K (September 1995). "Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer's disease locus". Science. 269 (5226): 973–977. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..973L. doi:10.1126/science.7638622. PMID 7638622. S2CID 27296868.

[6] "Entrez Gene: PSEN2 presenilin 2 (Alzheimer disease 4)".

[pmid19067971-7] Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21 (6): 665–676. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971.

[pmid10446169-8] Passer BJ, Pellegrini L, Vito P, Ganjei JK, D'Adamio L (August 1999). "Interaction of Alzheimer's presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 with Bcl-X(L). A potential role in modulating the threshold of cell death". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (34): 24007–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.34.24007. PMID 10446169.

[pmid9852298-9] Shinozaki K, Maruyama K, Kume H, Tomita T, Saido TC, Iwatsubo T, Obata K (May 1998). "The presenilin 2 loop domain interacts with the mu-calpain C-terminal region". Int. J. Mol. Med. 1 (5): 797–9. doi:10.3892/ijmm.1.5.797. PMID 9852298.

[pmid10366599-10] Stabler SM, Ostrowski LL, Janicki SM, Monteiro MJ (June 1999). "A myristoylated calcium-binding protein that preferentially interacts with the Alzheimer's disease presenilin 2 protein". J. Cell Biol. 145 (6): 1277–92. doi:10.1083/jcb.145.6.1277. PMC 2133148. PMID 10366599.

[pmid9771752-11] Buxbaum JD, Choi EK, Luo Y, Lilliehook C, Crowley AC, Merriam DE, Wasco W (October 1998). "Calsenilin: a calcium-binding protein that interacts with the presenilins and regulates the levels of a presenilin fragment". Nat. Med. 4 (10): 1177–81. doi:10.1038/2673. PMID 9771752. S2CID 10799492.

[pmid11278424-12] Choi EK, Zaidi NF, Miller JS, Crowley AC, Merriam DE, Lilliehook C, Buxbaum JD, Wasco W (June 2001). "Calsenilin is a substrate for caspase-3 that preferentially interacts with the familial Alzheimer's disease-associated C-terminal fragment of presenilin 2". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19197–204. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008597200. PMID 11278424.

[pmid11001931-13] Tanahashi H, Tabira T (September 2000). "Alzheimer's disease-associated presenilin 2 interacts with DRAL, an LIM-domain protein". Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 (15): 2281–9. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.hmg.a018919. PMID 11001931.

[pmid9437013-14] Zhang W, Han SW, McKeel DW, Goate A, Wu JY (February 1998). "Interaction of presenilins with the filamin family of actin-binding proteins". J. Neurosci. 18 (3): 914–22. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-03-00914.1998. PMC 2042137. PMID 9437013.

[pmid11847232-15] Morohashi Y, Hatano N, Ohya S, Takikawa R, Watabiki T, Takasugi N, Imaizumi Y, Tomita T, Iwatsubo T (April 2002). "Molecular cloning and characterization of CALP/KChIP4, a novel EF-hand protein interacting with presenilin 2 and voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv4". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (17): 14965–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200897200. PMID 11847232.

[pmid12297508-16] Lee SF, Shah S, Li H, Yu C, Han W, Yu G (November 2002). "Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and is required for intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid-beta precursor protein and Notch". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (47): 45013–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208164200. PMID 12297508.

[pmid10993067-17] Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (September 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing". Nature. 407 (6800): 48–54. Bibcode:2000Natur.407...48Y. doi:10.1038/35024009. PMID 10993067. S2CID 4339220.

[pmid11076969-18] Mah AL, Perry G, Smith MA, Monteiro MJ (November 2000). "Identification of ubiquilin, a novel presenilin interactor that increases presenilin protein accumulation". J. Cell Biol. 151 (4): 847–62. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.4.847. PMC 2169435. PMID 11076969.

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v t e Protein: cell membrane proteins (other than Cell surface receptor, enzymes, and cytoskeleton)
Arrestin	SAG ARRB1 ARRB2 ARR3
Membrane-spanning 4A	MS4A1 MS4A2 MS4A3 MS4A4A MS4A4E MS4A5 MS4A6A MS4A6E MS4A7 MS4A8B MS4A9 MS4A10 MS4A12 MS4A13 MS4A14 MS4A15 MS4A18
Myelin	Myelin basic protein PMP2 Myelin proteolipid protein PLP1 Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Myelin-associated glycoprotein Myelin protein zero
Pulmonary surfactant	Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C
Tetraspanin	TSPAN1 TSPAN2 TSPAN3 TSPAN4 TSPAN5 TSPAN6 TSPAN7 TSPAN8 TSPAN9 TSPAN10 TSPAN11 TSPAN12 TSPAN13 TSPAN14 TSPAN15 TSPAN16 TSPAN17 TSPAN18 TSPAN19 TSPAN20 TSPAN21 TSPAN22 TSPAN23 TSPAN24 TSPAN25 TSPAN26 TSPAN27 TSPAN28 TSPAN29 TSPAN30 TSPAN31 TSPAN32 TSPAN33 TSPAN34
Other/ungrouped	Calnexin LDL-receptor-related protein-associated protein Neurofibromin 2 Presenilin PSEN1 PSEN2 HFE Phospholipid transfer proteins Dysferlin STRC OTOF
see also other cell membrane protein disorders

Function

Interactions

References

Further reading

External links