Wiktionary

pleo

See also: pleo-

Latin

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Etymology

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Exists only as a bound morpheme in prefixed verbs, where it continues Proto-Italic *plēō, from earlier *plējō, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-ye-ti, a yé-present innovatively formed to the aorist stem of Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Compare Russian -по́лнить (-pólnitʹ), a cognate with the same meaning that likewise does not occur uncompounded.

Verb

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pleō (present infinitive plēre, perfect active plēvī, supine plētum); second conjugation

  1. Combining form used to form prefixed verbs with the approximate meaning "to fill".
    • ca. 500, Pompeius, In artem Donati p. 240 l.34:
      […] est <etiam> conpositum quod nōn potest fierī simplex, ut conpleō: nēmō potest dīcere pleō.
      it's likewise a compound when it cannot be used on its own, such as complete: one can't say plete.
    • For quotations using this term, see Citations:pleo.

Conjugation

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Only one form, plendī (CIL 2.6278.38), is attested in classical Latin without a prefix outside of grammarians. (Festus p.230M) also cites plentur without attribution.

   Conjugation of -pleō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present -pleō -plēs -plet -plēmus -plētis -plent
imperfect -plēbam -plēbās -plēbat -plēbāmus -plēbātis -plēbant
future -plēbō -plēbis -plēbit -plēbimus -plēbitis -plēbunt
perfect -plēvī -plēvistī -plēvit -plēvimus -plēvistis -plēvērunt,
-plēvēre
pluperfect -plēveram -plēverās -plēverat -plēverāmus -plēverātis -plēverant
future perfect -plēverō -plēveris -plēverit -plēverimus -plēveritis -plēverint
sigmatic future1 -ō,
ēssō 		-is,
ēssis 		-it,
ēssit 		-imus,
ēssimus 		-itis,
ēssitis 		-int,
ēssint
passive present -pleor -plēris,
-plēre 		-plētur -plēmur -plēminī -plentur
imperfect -plēbar -plēbāris,
-plēbāre 		-plēbātur -plēbāmur -plēbāminī -plēbantur
future -plēbor -plēberis,
-plēbere 		-plēbitur -plēbimur -plēbiminī -plēbuntur
perfect -plētus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect -plētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect -plētus + future active indicative of sum
sigmatic future1 -or,
ēssor 		-eris,
ēsseris 		-itur,
ēssitur 		— — —
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present -pleam -pleās -pleat -pleāmus -pleātis -pleant
imperfect -plērem -plērēs -plēret -plērēmus -plērētis -plērent
perfect -plēverim -plēverīs -plēverit -plēverīmus -plēverītis -plēverint
pluperfect -plēvissem -plēvissēs -plēvisset -plēvissēmus -plēvissētis -plēvissent
sigmatic aorist1 -im,
ēssim 		-īs,
ēssīs 		-īt,
ēssīt 		-īmus,
ēssīmus 		-ītis,
ēssītis 		-int,
ēssint
passive present -plear -pleāris,
-pleāre 		-pleātur -pleāmur -pleāminī -pleantur
imperfect -plērer -plērēris,
-plērēre 		-plērētur -plērēmur -plērēminī -plērentur
perfect -plētus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect -plētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — -plē — — -plēte —
future — -plētō -plētō — -plētōte -plentō
passive present — -plēre — — -plēminī —
future — -plētor -plētor — — -plentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives -plēre -plēvisse -plētūrum esse -plērī -plētum esse -plētum īrī
participles -plēns — -plētūrus — -plētus -plendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
plendī -plendō -plendum -plendō -plētum -plētū

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Derived terms

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References

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