horizontal

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French horizontal.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌhɒɹɪˈzɒntəl/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˌhoɹəˈzɑntəl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Adjective

horizontal (comparative more horizontal, superlative most horizontal)

1. Perpendicular to the vertical; parallel to the plane of the horizon; level, flat.

   horizontal lines

   • 1976, Apollo: A Journal of the Arts:

     […] a pair of pauldrons with the light horizontal bar which in later years developed into the high neckguard of the sixteenth century; numbers of gauntlets, visors of helmets, and other pieces, the handling of which is a sheer joy  […]

2. (marketing) Relating to horizontal markets
3. (archaic) Pertaining to the horizon.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 594-595:

     As when the Sun new ris'n / Looks through the Horizontal misty Air

4. (wine) Involving wines of the same vintages but from different wineries.
5. (music, of an interval) Having the two notes sound successively.

   Synonyms: linear, melodic

   Antonym: vertical

6. (sex, euphemistic) Relating to sexual intercourse.

   horizontal tango

   • 2020 February 2, Mariella Frostrup, “One is a great guy; the other is good in bed. So who do I choose?”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

     Comparing a man who inspires you intellectually and makes you laugh with a guy who fulfils all your horizontal desires means you’re not comparing like with like.

7. (biology) Being or relating to the transmission of organisms between biotic and/or abiotic members of an ecosystem that are not in a parent-progeny relationship.

   Infectious agents may spread by horizontal transmission.

Antonyms

• vertical

Derived terms

• horizontal bar
• horizontal dancing
• horizontal divestiture
• horizontal escalation
• horizontal gene transfer
• horizontal hostility
• horizontal hula
• horizontal integration
• horizontalize
• horizontal jogging
• horizontally
• horizontal machining center
• horizontal mambo
• horizontal market
• horizontalness
• horizontal plane
• horizontal polka
• horizontal proliferation
• horizontal refreshments
• horizontal run
• horizontal sorting
• horizontal stabiliser
• horizontal stabilizer
• horizontal standard
• horizontal tango
• nonhorizontal
• subhorizontal

 

Translations

parallel to the plane of the horizon

• Afrikaans: horisontale
• Albanian: horizontal (sq)
• Amharic: አግድም (ʾägdəm)
• Arabic: أُفُقِيّ (ʔufuqiyy)
• Armenian: հորիզոնական (hy) (horizonakan)
• Asturian: horizontal (ast)
• Azerbaijani: üfüqi (az)
• Basque: horizontala
• Belarusian: гарызанта́льны (be) (haryzantálʹny), пазе́мны (pazjémny)
• Bengali: অনুভূমিক (bn) (onubhumik)
• Bulgarian: хоризонта́лен (bg) (horizontálen), водора́вен (bg) (vodoráven)
• Burmese: အလျားလိုက် (a.lya:luik)
• Catalan: horitzontal (ca)
• Cebuano: pinahigda
• Chichewa: yopingasa
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 水平 (zh) (shuǐpíng), 橫的／横的 (zh) (héng de)

• Corsican: orizzontali
• Crimean Tatar: köndelen
• Czech: vodorovný (cs), horizontální (cs)
• Danish: vandret (da)
• Dutch: horizontaal (nl)
• Esperanto: horizontala
• Estonian: horisontaalne
• Faroese: vatnrættur
• Finnish: vaakasuora (fi), vaakasuuntainen (fi), vaaka-
• French: horizontal (fr)
• Galician: horizontal (gl)
• Georgian: ჰორიზონტალური (horizonṭaluri)
• German: horizontal (de), waagrecht (de), waagerecht (de)
• Greek: οριζόντιος (el) m (orizóntios)
• Gujarati: આડી (āḍī)
• Haitian Creole: orizontal
• Hausa: a kwance
• Hebrew: אפקי (ofkí)
• Hindi: क्षैतिज (kṣaitij)
• Hungarian: vízszintes (hu)
• Icelandic: lárétt
• Igbo: kehoraizin
• Indonesian: horisontal
• Irish: cothrománach
• Italian: orizzontale (it)
• Japanese: 水平な (ja) (すいへいな, suihei na), 横の (ja) (よこの, yoko no)
• Javanese: horisontal
• Kazakh: көлденең (köldeneñ)
• Khmer: ផ្ដេក (km) (phdeek)
• Korean: 가로의 (ko) (garoui), 수평의 (ko) (supyeong'ui), 지평의 (ko) (jipyeong'ui)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ئاسۆیی (asoyî)

• Lao: ອອກຕາມລວງນອນ (ʼǭk tām lūang nǭn)
• Latin: horizontālis
• Latvian: horizontāls
• Lithuanian: horizontalus
• Macedonian: хоризонтален (horizontalen), водорамен (vodoramen)
• Malagasy: marindrano
• Malay: melintang, mendatar, mengufuk
• Malayalam: തിരശ്ചീനമായ (tiraścīnamāya)
• Maltese: orizzontali
• Manx: co-ard, co-chruinnagh (mathematics), rea
• Maori: huapae
• Marathi: क्षैतिज (kṣaitij)
• Mongolian: хэвтээ (mn) (xevtee)
• Moore: sasre
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: horisontal (no), vannrett, vassrett

  Nynorsk: horisontal, vassrett

• Occitan: orizontal (oc)
• Persian: افقی (fa) (ofoqi)
• Polish: poziomy (pl), horyzontalny (pl)
• Portuguese: horizontal (pt)
• Romanian: orizontal (ro)
• Russian: горизонта́льный (ru) (gorizontálʹnyj)
• Rwanda-Rundi: itambitse
• Samoan: faʻalava
• Scottish Gaelic: fàireil
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: хоризонталан, водораван

  Roman: horizontalan (sh), vodoravan (sh)

• Slovak: horizontálny, vodorovný
• Slovene: horizontalen, vodoraven (sl)
• Spanish: horizontal (es)
• Sundanese: horisontal
• Swedish: vågrät (sv), horisontell (sv)
• Tagalog: higa
• Tajik: уфуқӣ (ufuqi)
• Tamil: கிடைமட்ட (kiṭaimaṭṭa)
• Tatar: горизонталь (ğorizontal’)
• Telugu: సమాంతరము (samāntaramu)
• Thai: แนวราบ (th)
• Turkish: yatay (tr)
• Ukrainian: горизонта́льний (horyzontálʹnyj), позе́мний (pozémnyj), позе́мий (pozémyj)
• Uzbek: gorizontal (uz)
• Vietnamese: ngang (vi)
• Welsh: llorweddol (cy)
• Yiddish: האָריזאָנטאַל (horizontal)
• Yoruba: petele
• Zulu: ovundlile

Noun

horizontal (plural horizontals)

1. A horizontal component of a structure.
2. (geology) Horizon.
3. A Tasmanian shrub or small tree whose main trunk tends to lean over and grow horizontally, Anodopetalum biglandulosum

Translations

A horizontal component

• Irish: cothromán m
• Romanian: orizontală (ro) f
• Welsh: llorwedd (cy) m

Anagrams

• notorhizal

Albanian

Etymology

Probably from English horizontal; the -al adjectival suffix is neither native to Albanian, nor was it borrowed from Latin earlier on.

Adjective

horizontal (feminine horizontale)

1. horizontal

Related terms

• horizont

Asturian

Adjective

horizontal (epicene, plural horizontales)

1. horizontal

   Antonym: vertical

Related terms

• horizonte

French

Alternative forms

• horisontal

Etymology

Derived from Latin horizōn (“horizon”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives from nouns).

Pronunciation

• ^{(mute h)} IPA^(key): /ɔ.ʁi.zɔ̃.tal/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: horisontal, horisontale, horisontales, horizontale, horizontales

Adjective

horizontal (feminine horizontale, masculine plural horizontaux, feminine plural horizontales)

1. horizontal

   Antonym: vertical

Derived terms

• horizontalement

Related terms

• horizon

Further reading

• “horizontal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Adjective

horizontal m or f (plural horizontais)

1. horizontal

   Antonym: vertical

Derived terms

• horizontalmente

Related terms

• horizonte

German

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːl

Adjective

horizontal (strong nominative masculine singular horizontaler, not comparable)

1. horizontal

   Synonyms: waagrecht, waagerecht

   Antonyms: vertikal, senkrecht

Declension

Positive forms of horizontal (uncomparable)

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist horizontal	sie ist horizontal	es ist horizontal	sie sind horizontal
strong declension (without article)	nominative	horizontaler	horizontale	horizontales	horizontale
	genitive	horizontalen	horizontaler	horizontalen	horizontaler
	dative	horizontalem	horizontaler	horizontalem	horizontalen
	accusative	horizontalen	horizontale	horizontales	horizontale
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der horizontale	die horizontale	das horizontale	die horizontalen
	genitive	des horizontalen	der horizontalen	des horizontalen	der horizontalen
	dative	dem horizontalen	der horizontalen	dem horizontalen	den horizontalen
	accusative	den horizontalen	die horizontale	das horizontale	die horizontalen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein horizontaler	eine horizontale	ein horizontales	(keine) horizontalen
	genitive	eines horizontalen	einer horizontalen	eines horizontalen	(keiner) horizontalen
	dative	einem horizontalen	einer horizontalen	einem horizontalen	(keinen) horizontalen
	accusative	einen horizontalen	eine horizontale	ein horizontales	(keine) horizontalen

Derived terms

• Horizontale

Further reading

• “horizontal” in Duden online
• “horizontal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Malay

Etymology

From English horizontal, from Middle French horizontal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hɔ.ri.zɔn.təl]
• Rhymes: -təl, -əl
• Hyphenation: ho‧ri‧zon‧tal

Adjective

horizontal (Jawi spelling هوريزونتل)

1. Perpendicular to the vertical; horizontal.

   Synonyms: melintang, mendatar, mengufuk

   Antonyms: mencancang, menegak, vertikal

Further reading

“horizontal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /o.ɾi.zõˈtaw/ [o.ɾi.zõˈtaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɔ.ɾi.zõˈtal/ [ɔ.ɾi.zõˈtaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɔ.ɾi.zõˈtal/ [ɔ.ɾi.zõˈtaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɔ.ɾi.zõˈta.li/

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: ho‧ri‧zon‧tal

Adjective

horizontal m or f (plural horizontais, not comparable)

1. horizontal

   Antonym: vertical

Derived terms

• horizontalmente

Related terms

• horizonte

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /oɾiθonˈtal/ [o.ɾi.θõn̪ˈt̪al]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /oɾisonˈtal/ [o.ɾi.sõn̪ˈt̪al]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: ho‧ri‧zon‧tal

Adjective

horizontal m or f (masculine and feminine plural horizontales)

1. horizontal

   Antonym: vertical

2. landscape (a mode of printing where the horizontal sides are longer than the vertical sides; in smartphones)

   Synonym: apaisado

Derived terms

• horizontalmente
• línea horizontal
• plano horizontal

 

Related terms

• horizonte

 

Further reading

• “horizontal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28