| ||||||||
Translingual
edit| Traditional | 鹼 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai (extended) |
鹸 |
| Simplified | 碱 |
Han character
edit鹼 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 卜田人一人 (YWOMO), four-corner 28686, composition ⿰鹵僉)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1508, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47576
- Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4611, character 21
- Unihan data for U+9E7C
Chinese
edit| trad. | 鹼 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 碱 | |
| alternative forms | 堿 鹻 礆／硷 𠑲 | |
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 鹼 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
| 歛 | *qʰlaːm |
| 臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
| 醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
| 鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
| 薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
| 匳 | *ɡ·ram |
| 獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
| 蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
| 籢 | *ɡ·ram |
| 斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
| 羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
| 殮 | *ɡ·rams |
| 簽 | *skʰlam |
| 僉 | *skʰlam |
| 憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 檢 | *kramʔ |
| 瞼 | *kramʔ |
| 儉 | *ɡramʔ |
| 顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
| 嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
| 噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
| 驗 | *ŋrams |
| 險 | *qʰramʔ |
| 劒 | *kams |
| 劍 | *kams |
| 𩏩 | *qʰam |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam) : semantic 鹵 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan2
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): giĕng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiám / kiⁿ
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ke; 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
- Wade–Giles: chien3
- Yale: jyǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaan2
- Yale: gáan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan2
- Guangdong Romanization: gan2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kién / kián
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˋ / gianˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian3 / gian3
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en³¹/, /ki̯an³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kiám - literary;
- kiⁿ - vernacular (俗).
- Middle Chinese: tshjem, keamX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːmʔ/, /*skʰlam/
Definitions
edit鹼
- sodium carbonate
- (chemistry) (soluble) alkali
- Antonym: 酸 (suān)
- (chemistry, chiefly Mainland China) base (soluble or not)
- (dialectal) soap
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit- 偽麻黃鹼／伪麻黄碱 (wěimáhuángjiǎn)
- 古柯鹼／古柯碱 (gǔkējiǎn)
- 吐根鹼／吐根碱
- 咖啡鹼／咖啡碱 (kāfēijiǎn)
- 弱鹼／弱碱 (ruòjiǎn)
- 強鹼／强碱
- 水鹼／水碱
- 汗鹼／汗碱
- 洋鹼／洋碱 (yángjiǎn)
- 燒鹼／烧碱 (shāojiǎn)
- 生物鹼／生物碱 (shēngwùjiǎn)
- 石鹼／石碱 (shíjiǎn)
- 硫酸菸鹼／硫酸烟碱
- 純鹼／纯碱 (chúnjiǎn)
- 膽鹼／胆碱 (dǎnjiǎn)
- 苛性鹼／苛性碱 (kēxìngjiǎn)
- 茶葉鹼／茶叶碱
- 茶鹼／茶碱 (chájiǎn)
- 菸鹼／烟碱 (yānjiǎn)
- 菸鹼酸／烟碱酸
- 酸鹼值／酸碱值
- 酸鹼度／酸碱度
- 鹼中毒／碱中毒 (jiǎnzhòngdú)
- 鹼化／碱化 (jiǎnhuà)
- 鹼土／碱土 (jiǎntǔ)
- 鹼土金屬／碱土金属 (jiǎntǔ jīnshǔ)
- 鹼地／碱地 (jiǎndì)
- 鹼基／碱基 (jiǎnjī)
- 鹼大／碱大
- 鹼度／碱度
- 鹼性／碱性 (jiǎnxìng)
- 鹼性電池／碱性电池
- 鹼性食品／碱性食品
- 鹼水／碱水 (jiǎnshuǐ)
- 鹼粽／碱粽 (jiǎnzòng)
- 鹼荒／碱荒
- 鹼酐／碱酐
- 鹼金屬／碱金属 (jiǎnjīnshǔ)
- 鹼類／碱类
- 鹽鹼地／盐碱地 (yánjiǎndì)
References
edit- “鹼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
edit| 鹸 | |
| 鹼 |
Kanji
edit鹼
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鹸)
Readings
edit- Go-on: けん (ken)←けん (ken, historical)←けむ (kemu, ancient)、せん (sen)←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)
- Kan-on: かん (kan)←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)、せん (sen)←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)
- Kan’yō-on: けん (ken)
- Kun: あく (aku, 鹼)
Definitions
edit| For pronunciation and definitions of 鹼 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 鹼, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading せん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading せん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading せむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading かむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading せん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading せむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あく
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