杆

See also: 桿

杆 U+6746, 杆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6746 ← 杅 [U+6745] CJK Unified Ideographs 杇 → [U+6747]

Translingual

Han character

杆 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木一十 (DMJ), four-corner 4194₀, composition ⿰木干)

Derived characters

• 𤉀

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14449
• Dae Jaweon: page 894, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1156, character 12
• Unihan data for U+6746

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
訐	*krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	*kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	*kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	*kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	*kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎	*kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	*ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	*qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕	*qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊	*qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	*ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍	*ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	*ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːns) : semantic 木 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		杆

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàn (gan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gàn
    • Wade–Giles: kan⁴
    • Yale: gàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gann
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kanH

Rime
Character	杆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古案切
Baxter	kanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kanH/
Li Rong	/kɑnH/
Wang Li	/kɑnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gon3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杆
Reading #	1/1
No.	3588
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	旰
Old Chinese	/*kaːns/
Notes	見爾雅

Definitions

杆

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		杆

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “←→幹?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan / koaⁿ / koaiⁿ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gan
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gon¹
    • Yale: gōn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gon¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
    • Tâi-lô: kan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuainn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoay
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuãi⁴⁴/

Note:

• kan - literary;
• koaⁿ - vernacular.

Definitions

杆

1. pole; staff; rod (Classifier: 根 m)

   旗杆  ―  qígān  ―  flag pole

   桅杆  ―  wéigān  ―  mast

Synonyms

• 杆子 (gānzi)

Compounds

• 埋杆豎柱
• 拉杆 (lāgān)
• 揮杆
• 旗杆 (qígān)
• 旗杆灣 (Qígānwān)
• 木杆
• 杆圈兒
• 杆子 (gānzi)
• 杆子頭
• 杆影
• 桅杆 (wéigān)
• 標杆 (biāogān)
• 欄杆 (lángān)
• 球杆
• 白蠟杆子
• 砧杆
• 鐵欄杆／铁栏杆
• 電杆 (diàngān)
• 電線杆／电线杆 (diànxiàngān)
• 馬杆

 

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 杆 – see 桿 (“pole; stick; club; rod; lever; handle; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 桿).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 杆 – see 稈 (“stalk; straw”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 稈).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 杆 – see 竿 (“bamboo pole; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 竿).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

杆

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. shield
2. pole

Readings

• Go-on: かん (kan)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: てこ (teko, 杆)

Korean

Hanja

杆 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)

1. pole
2. shaft of spear

Tày

Noun

杆 (cản, cẳn, càn)

1. Nôm form of cản (“handle”).

   爱摻杆祚否都𥥉

   Ái tam cản tọ bấu to rù

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. Nôm form of cản (“large leaf”).

   曲乃了眉桧杆𨱾

   Khúc nẩy lểu mì cuổi cản rì

   This part already has long leaves

3. Nôm form of cẳn (“tip of an incense”).

   卷𪫆香曾杆

   Quẻn mừa hương tằng cẳn

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. Nôm form of càn (“carrying pole”).

   󰝧把篰流杆

   Khỉn pá viẩu liu gàn

   Once reached the clump of bamboos, the carrying pole will be chiselled

References

• Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội