塗る
Japanese
editKanji in this term |
---|
塗 |
ぬ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Etymology
editFrom Old Japanese.[1] Possibly related to 濡れる (nureru, “to get wet”).[2][3]
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「塗る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
塗る | ぬる | [nùrú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 塗れ | ぬれ | [nùré] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 塗られる | ぬられる | [nùrárérú] |
Causative | 塗らせる | ぬらせる | [nùrásérú] |
Potential | 塗れる | ぬれる | [nùrérú] |
Volitional | 塗ろう | ぬろー | [nùróꜜò] |
Negative | 塗らない | ぬらない | [nùránáí] |
Negative perfective | 塗らなかった | ぬらなかった | [nùránáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 塗ります | ぬります | [nùrímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 塗った | ぬった | [nùttá] |
Conjunctive | 塗って | ぬって | [nùtté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 塗れば | ぬれば | [nùréꜜbà] |
Verb
edit塗る • (nuru) transitive godan (stem 塗り (nuri), past 塗った (nutta))
- to paint or plaster
- to spread on, to dab on, to apply
- 油を塗る
- abura o nuru
- grease, anoint with oil
- 油を塗る
- to fill in
- マークシートを塗る
- mākushīto o nuru
- to fill in the bubble sheet
- マークシートを塗る
Conjugation
editConjugation of "塗る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 塗ら | ぬら | nura |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 塗り | ぬり | nuri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 塗られる | ぬられる | nurareru |
Causative | 塗らせる 塗らす |
ぬらせる ぬらす |
nuraseru nurasu |
Potential | 塗れる | ぬれる | nureru |
Volitional | 塗ろう | ぬろう | nurō |
Negative | 塗らない | ぬらない | nuranai |
Negative continuative | 塗らず | ぬらず | nurazu |
Formal | 塗ります | ぬります | nurimasu |
Perfective | 塗った | ぬった | nutta |
Conjunctive | 塗って | ぬって | nutte |
Hypothetical conditional | 塗れば | ぬれば | nureba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 塗ら | ぬら | nura |
Continuative (連用形) | 塗り | ぬり | nuri |
Terminal (終止形) | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
Attributive (連体形) | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
Realis (已然形) | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
Imperative (命令形) | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 塗らず | ぬらず | nurazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 塗れど | ぬれど | nuredo |
Causal conjunction | 塗れば | ぬれば | nureba |
Conditional conjunction | 塗らば | ぬらば | nuraba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 塗りき | ぬりき | nuriki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 塗りけり | ぬりけり | nurikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 塗りつ | ぬりつ | nuritu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 塗りぬ | ぬりぬ | nurinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 塗れり 塗りたり |
ぬれり ぬりたり |
nureri nuritari |
Volitional | 塗らむ | ぬらむ | nuramu |
References
edit- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 塗 read as ぬ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples