休屠

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (休屠)		休	屠

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Xiūtú

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ ㄊㄨˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Xiūtú
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ ㄊㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sioutú
    • Wade–Giles: Hsiu¹-tʻu²
    • Yale: Syōu-tú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shioutwu
    • Palladius: Сюту (Sjutu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: xjuw drjo|du

Rime
Character	休	屠	屠
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	澄 (11)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	魚 (22)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	I
Fanqie	許尤切	直魚切	同都切
Baxter	xjuw	drjo	du
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨu/	/ɖɨʌ/	/duo/
Pan Wuyun	/hiu/	/ɖiɔ/	/duo/
Shao Rongfen	/xiəu/	/ȡiɔ/	/do/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/huw/	/ɖɨə̆/	/dɔ/
Li Rong	/xiu/	/ȡiɔ/	/do/
Wang Li	/xĭəu/	/ȡĭo/	/du/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯ə̯u/	/ȡʱi̯wo/	/dʱuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiū	chú	tú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau1	cyu4	tou4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)u  [d]ˤa/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰu  daː|da/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	休	休	屠
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiū	xiū	tú
Middle Chinese	‹ xjuw ›	‹ xjuw ›	‹ du ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰ(r)u/	/*qʰ(r)u/	/*[d]ˁa/
English	rest (v.)	blessing	butcher (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	休	屠	屠
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	13919	16978	16995
Phonetic component	休	者	者
Rime group	幽	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	休	徒	除
Old Chinese	/*qʰu/	/*daː/	/*da/

Proper noun

休屠

1. (historical) a kingdom located in modern Gansu province

   過焉支山千餘里，擊匈奴，得胡首虜萬八千餘級，破得休屠王祭天金人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   过焉支山千余里，击匈奴，得胡首虏万八千余级，破得休屠王祭天金人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

   Guò Yānzhīshān qiān yú lǐ, jī Xiōngnú, dé hú shǒu lǔ wànbāqiān yú jí, pò dé Xiūtú wáng jìtiān jīn rén. [Pinyin]

   [Huo Qubing's troops] crossed over a thousand-odd li across the Yanzhi mountains and attacked the Xiongnu. They captured and took over 18,000 of them prisoner, and seized the golden man that the king of Xiutu used to worship Heaven.

2. (historical) a tribe of the Xiongnu
3. (Buddhism) Buddha