仁義

See also: 仁义

Chinese

		humane; kernel	justice; righteousness; meaning
trad. (仁義)		仁	義
simp. (仁义)		仁	义
alternative forms		仁誼／仁谊

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rényì

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁴ ji⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yìn-ngi
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lîn-gī / jîn-gī

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rényì
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rényì
    • Wade–Giles: jên²-i⁴
    • Yale: rén-yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renyih
    • Palladius: жэньи (žɛnʹi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵ i⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 人意 仁義／仁义

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan⁴ ji⁶
    • Yale: yàhn yih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴ ji⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴ yi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹ jiː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn-ngi
    • Hakka Romanization System: in^ˇ ngi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin² ngi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /in¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn-ngi
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)in^ˇ ngi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin² ngi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)in¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-gī
    • Tâi-lô: lîn-gī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lin'gi
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lin²⁴⁻²² ɡi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-gī
    • Tâi-lô: jîn-gī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jin'gi
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ ɡi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² ɡi²²/

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• Middle Chinese: nyin ngjeH

Rime
Character	仁	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	如鄰切	宜寄切
Baxter	nyin	ngjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪn/	/ŋˠiᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵin/	/ŋᵚiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjen/	/ŋiɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵin/	/ŋjiə̆H/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕn/	/ŋjeH/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕn/	/ŋǐeH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/	/ŋie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rén	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan4	ji6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*niŋ  ŋ(r)aj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njin  ŋrals/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仁	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rén	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ nyin ›	‹ ngjeH ›
Old Chinese	/*niŋ/	/*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English	kind	duty; justice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仁	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10801	13045
Phonetic component	人	我
Rime group	眞	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	仁	議
Old Chinese	/*njin/	/*ŋrals/

Noun

仁義

1. benevolence and righteousness

   • 自我觀之，仁義之端，是非之塗，樊然殽亂，吾惡能知其辯！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     自我观之，仁义之端，是非之涂，樊然淆乱，吾恶能知其辩！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Zì wǒ guān zhī, rényì zhī duān, shìfēi zhī tú, fánrán yáoluàn, wú wū néng zhī qí biàn! [Pinyin]

     As I look at the matter, the first principles of benevolence and righteousness and the paths of approval and disapproval are inextricably mixed and confused together - how is it possible that I should know how to discriminate among them?

   • 今人開口輒說：「學仁義何所用哉？仁義亦能拒英美大砲也乎？」然則不仁不義者能拒英美大砲也乎？ [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 1946, letter by ​Kim Yeong'ik (金永益)

     Geumin gaegu cheop seol: "Hak inui ha soyong jae? Inui yeok neung geo Yeong-Mi daepo ya ho?" Yeonjeuk burin burui ja neung geo Yeong-Mi daepo ya ho? [Sino-Korean]

     Whenever people nowadays open their mouths, they always say: "What on earth is the point of learning about benevolence and righteousness? Can benevolence and righteousness resist the British and American artillery?" Well, then, can murderous and unrighteous people resist the British and American artillery, either?

Derived terms

• 仁義之師／仁义之师 (rényìzhīshī)
• 仁義道德／仁义道德 (rényì dàodé)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (仁義):

• → Japanese: 仁(じん)義(ぎ) (jingi)
• → Korean: 인의(仁義) (inui)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rényi

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ˙ㄧ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rényi
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ˙ㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rényi̊
    • Wade–Giles: jên²-i⁵
    • Yale: rén-yi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ren.i
    • Palladius: жэньи (žɛnʹi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵ i³/

Adjective

仁義

1. (colloquial) good-natured

Japanese

Kanji in this term
仁	義
じん Grade: 6	ぎ Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

From 仁 (jin, “benevolence”) + 義 (gi, “righteousness”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じんぎ [jíꜜǹgì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑĩŋʲɡʲi]

Noun

仁(じん)義(ぎ) • (jingi) 

1. humanity and justice
2. moral code
3. formal greeting among gamblers

Derived terms

• 忠孝仁義 (chūkō jingi): loyalty, filial piety, humanity, and justice
• 仁義忠孝 (jingi chūkō): humanity, justice, loyalty, and filial piety
• 仁義道徳 (jingi dōtoku): humanity and justice
• 仁義礼智信 (jingireichishin): the 5 Confucian virtues