घर्म

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)bor.

Hindi घर्म (gharm)

Borrowed from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá). Doublet of गर्म (garm), a borrowing from Persian.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡʱəɾm/, [ɡʱɐɾm]

Noun

घर्म • (gharm) m (Urdu spelling گھرم)

1. heat
2. hot weather
3. summer
4. sunshine

Declension

Declension of घर्म (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	घर्म gharm	घर्म gharm
oblique	घर्म gharm	घर्मों gharmõ
vocative	घर्म gharm	घर्मो gharmo

See also

• घर्मी (gharmī)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ঘৰ্ম (Assamese script)
• ᬖᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
• ঘর্ম (Bengali script)
• 𑰑𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀖𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ဃရ်္မ (Burmese script)
• ઘર્મ (Gujarati script)
• ਘਰ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌘𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦓꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂐𑂩𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಘರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
• ឃម៌ (Khmer script)
• ຆຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
• ഘര്മ (Malayalam script)
• ᢚᠠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘑𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦱𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐑𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଘର୍ମ (Odia script)
• ꢕꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆔𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖑𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
• ඝර්‍ම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩟𑩼 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚍𑚤𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
• க⁴ர்ம (Tamil script)
• ఘర్మ (Telugu script)
• ฆรฺม (Thai script)
• གྷ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒒𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨎𑨫𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (gar^əma, “hot; warmth”), Persian گرم (garm), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, furnus.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɐɾ.mɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʱɐɾ.mɐ/

Noun

घ॒र्म • (gharmá) stem, m (root घृ)

1. heat, warmth
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.180.4:

     यु॒वं ह॑ घ॒र्मं मधु॑मन्त॒मत्र॑ये॒ऽपो न क्षोदो॑ऽवृणीतमे॒षे ।
     तद्वां॑ नरावश्विना॒ पश्व॑इष्टी॒ रथ्ये॑व च॒क्रा प्रति॑ यन्ति॒ मध्वः॑ ॥

     yuváṃ ha gharmáṃ mádhumantamátrayeʼpó ná kṣódoʼvṛṇītameṣé.
     tádvāṃ narāvaśvinā páśvaïṣṭī ráthyeva cakrā́ práti yanti mádhvaḥ.

     Ye made the fierce heat to be full of sweetness for Atri at his wish, like streaming water.
     Fire-offering thence is yours, O Aśvins, Heroes: your car-wheels speed to us like springs of honey.

2. hot weather
3. sunshine

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of घर्म (gharmá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घर्मः gharmáḥ	घर्मौ / घर्मा¹ gharmaú / gharmā́¹	घर्माः / घर्मासः¹ gharmā́ḥ / gharmā́saḥ¹
Vocative	घर्म ghárma	घर्मौ / घर्मा¹ ghármau / ghármā¹	घर्माः / घर्मासः¹ ghármāḥ / ghármāsaḥ¹
Accusative	घर्मम् gharmám	घर्मौ / घर्मा¹ gharmaú / gharmā́¹	घर्मान् gharmā́n
Instrumental	घर्मेण gharméṇa	घर्माभ्याम् gharmā́bhyām	घर्मैः / घर्मेभिः¹ gharmaíḥ / gharmébhiḥ¹
Dative	घर्माय gharmā́ya	घर्माभ्याम् gharmā́bhyām	घर्मेभ्यः gharmébhyaḥ
Ablative	घर्मात् gharmā́t	घर्माभ्याम् gharmā́bhyām	घर्मेभ्यः gharmébhyaḥ
Genitive	घर्मस्य gharmásya	घर्मयोः gharmáyoḥ	घर्माणाम् gharmā́ṇām
Locative	घर्मे gharmé	घर्मयोः gharmáyoḥ	घर्मेषु gharméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: ghamma
• Prakrit: 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: घर्म (gharm)
  • Urdu: گھَرْم (gharm)
• → Gujarati: ઘર્મ (gharma)

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “gharma”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.