Augmentation of English Royal Arms

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Overview of Plantagenet arms

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Outside Influences

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Influences
         
Coat of arms (c. 1220) The earliest depictions of the Staufer arms show a single lion; for a short time augmented to two lions, and after 1196 three lions or leopards. The tincture or and sable is attested in 1220.[1][2] The seal of Henry (VII) of Germany (1216) shows three leopards (passant guardant). The second Great Seal of King Richard the Lionheart (1189–1199) was the first Royal emblem of England to feature three lions Arms of France (modern) which had reduced the semée of fleur-de-lys to 3. Lesser arms of the Kings of Sweden showing 3 crowns Arms of (the Kings of) Denmark


In the same period lions also appeared in the arms of Brabant, Flanders, Luxembourg, Holland, Limburg and other territories(see Dutch Republic Lion). It is curious that the lion as a heraldic symbol was mostly used in border territories and neighbouring countries of the Holy Roman Empire and France. It was in all likelihood a way of showing independence from the emperor, who used an eagle in his personal arms and the King of France, who used the famous Fleur-de-lis. In Europe the lion had been a well-known figure since Roman times, through works such as the fables of Aesop, and as a symbol of ancient royalty from Hercules to Alexander the Great.

 
The arms of Otto IV referring to his coronation in Rome as the holy roman emperor
 
Coat of arms of Otto IV of Brunswick as Holy Roman Emperor (Chronica Maiora)

Before Edward III

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Arms of dynastic founder and kings
       
Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
(also William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, illegitimate son of King Henry II)
Henry II of England (possible)
John, prior to becoming king
(also his illegitimate son Richard FitzRoy)
Henry II of England (possible) and Richard I of England (1189–1198) Kings of England 1198–1340, 1360–1369
 
The three lions passants guardants or attributed to William I and his successors Henry I, Stephen, Henry II, John and Henry III by Matthew Paris in Historia Anglorum and Chronica Majora in the 1250s.

The first documented use of royal arms dates from the reign of Richard I (1189–1199). Much later antiquarians would retrospectively invented attributed arms for earlier kings, but their reigns pre-dated the systematisation of hereditary English heraldry that only occurred in the second half of the 12th century.[3] Lions may have been used as a badge by members of the Norman dynasty: a late-12th century chronicler reports that in 1128, Henry I of England knighted his son-in-law, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, and gave him a gold lion badge. The memorial enamel created to decorate Geoffrey's tomb depicts a blue coat of arms bearing gold lions. His son, Henry II (1133–1189) used a lion as his emblem, and based on the arms used by his sons and other relatives, he may have used a coat of arms with a single lion or two lions, though no direct testimony of this has been found.[4] His children experimented with different combinations of lions on their arms. Richard I (1189–1199) used a single lion rampant, or perhaps two lions affrontés, on his first seal,[5] but later used three lions passant in his 1198 Great Seal of England, and thus established the lasting design of the Royal Arms of England.[5] [4] In 1177, his brother John had used a seal depicting a shield with two lions passant guardant, but when he succeeded his brother on the English throne he would adopt arms with three lions passant or on a field gules, and these were then used, unchanged, as the royal arms ('King's Arms') by him and his successors until 1340.[5]


Arms of the sons of kings and their issue
       
Prince of Wales Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, son of King John Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund Crouchback (1322–1326)
(later inherited his father's arms)
     
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, son of Edward I John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall, son of Edward II

After Edward III

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Arms of Kings
       
Kings of England 1340–1360, 1369–1395, 1399–1406 Richard II of England, 1395–1399 Kings of England 1406–1422, 1461–1470, 1471–1485 Henry VI of England, 1422–1461, 1470–1471
Arms of the sons of Edward III
         
Edward, the Black Prince Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester
Arms of the grandsons of Edward III
  Sons of John of Gaunt:
 
House of Lancaster

Sons of Edmund of Langley:
 
House of York
 
Richard of Bordeaux,
son of the Black Prince, until 1376
Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham,
son of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester

House of Lancaster

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Arms of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster Arms of Henry of Bolingbroke, eldest son of John of Gaunt
       
As Duke of Lancaster As claimant King of Castile (1371) As Duke of Hereford As Duke of Hereford and Lancaster
House of Henry IV
       
Princes of Wales Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
Arms of the House of Beaufort, legitimized sons of John of Gaunt
         
John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter
Before 1396 After legitimation, 1396 France moderne adopted After legitimation, 1396 France moderne adopted

House of York

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Arms of the sons of Edmund of Langley
       
Edward of Norwich, as Earl of Rutland Edward of Norwich, as Duke of York Duke of York since the adoption of France moderne Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge
Arms of the sons of Richard, 3rd Duke of York
       
Edward, Earl of March Edmund, Earl of Rutland George, Duke of Clarence Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Arms of the grandsons of Richard, 3rd Duke of York
       
Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Edward IV Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, son of Edward IV Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, son of George, Duke of Clarence Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales, son of Richard III

Non-Plantagenet families

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The heiresses of Norfolk and Kent transmitted the Plantagenet arms to non-Plantagenet families:

Mowbrays and Hollands
       
Mowbray Dukes of Norfolk Holland Earls of Kent John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter

Henry VI of England granted differenced versions of the Plantagenet arms to his maternal half-brothers. This was an extraordinary grant, since they were not descended from the English royal family.

House of Tudor
   
Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford

Tudor Family Tree

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The Tudors claim to the throne was the strongest one at the end of the Wars of the Roses, as it combined the Lancastrian claim in their descent from the Beauforts and the Royal Yorkist claim by the marriage of Henry VII to the heiress of Edward IV.

Royal Lineage (Simplified)
 
Edward III
1327–1377
Edward, the Black PrinceLionel of Antwerp, Duke of ClarenceJohn of Gaunt, Duke of LancasterEdmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
 
Richard II
1377–1399
Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster 
Henry IV
1399–1413
John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset
Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, 6th Earl of Ulster 
Henry V
1413–1422
Catherine of FranceOwen TudorJohn Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset
(1404-1444)
Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge
Anne de Mortimer 
Henry VI 
1422–1461, 1470–1471
Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby Richard, 3rd Duke of York 
Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales  
Edward IV of England 
George, 1st Duke of Clarence  
Richard III of England 
Isabella I of CastileFerdinand II of Aragon 
Henry VII of England 
Elizabeth of York Margaret Pole, Countess of SalisburyEdward of Middleham, Prince of Wales 
Joanna of CastileMaria of AragonCatherine of Aragon 
Henry VIII of England 
Arthur, Prince of Wales  Margaret Tudor Mary Tudor Reginald Pole
Charles V, Holy Roman EmperorIsabella of PortugalJames V of ScotlandLady Frances Brandon
Philip II of Spain 
Mary I of England 
 
Elizabeth I of England 
 
Edward VI of England 
Mary, Queen of ScotsLady Jane Grey
 
James VI of Scotland and I of England  

Stewart/Stuart

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Mountbatten

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Promotions

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(using pre 2008 shoulder boards)

Insignia Rank Assignment Date
 
officer cadet Entered Royal Navy 1913
 
Rated Midshipman * H.M.S. Lion, 1916;
  • H.M.S. Queen Elizabeth, 1917;
  • H.M. Submarine_ K6, 1918.
1916
 
Sub-Lieutenant * H.M.S. P31. 1918
 
  Lieutenant * H.M.S. Renown, 1920 (Prince of Wales' Tour, Australia and New Zealand);
  • H.M.S. Repulse, 1921
  • H.M.S. Renown, 1920 (Prince of Wales' Tour to India, Japan and the Far East);
  • H.M.S. Revenge, 1923;
  • Signal School, Portsmouth, 1924;
  • R.N. College, Greenwich, 1925;
  • Reserve Fleet Wireless and Signal Officer, 1926;
  • Assistant Fleet Wireless Officer, Mediterranean Fleet, 1927–1928.
1920
 
 Lieutenant Commander * Second Destroyer Flotilla Signal and Wireless, 1928–1929;
  • Senior Instructor in Wireless at H.M. Signal School, Portsmouth, 1929–1931;
  • Fleet Wireless Officer, Mediterranean Fleet, 1931–1933.
1928
 
 Commander *Qualified as interpreter in French and German, 1933;
  • In command of H.M.S. Daring, 1934;
  • In command of H.M.S. Wishart, 1935;
  • Appointed to Naval Air Division at Admiralty, 1936.
1932
 
 Captain * In command of H.M.S. Kelly and Fifth Destroyer Flotilla, 1939 (mentioned in dispatches twice);
  • In command of H.M.S. Illustrious, 1941.
1937
    Commodore (First Class) * Commodore, Combined Operations, 1941–1942; 1941
     (acting) Vice-Admiral * Chief of Combined Operations and Member of Chief of Staff’s Committee 1942–1943
    (acting) Admiral * Supreme Allied Commander, South-East Asia 1943–1946
   Rear-Admiral * Flag Officer commanding First Cruiser Squadron, Mediterranean Fleet, 1948–1949. 1946
     Vice-Admiral * Fourth Sea Lord, 1950–1952;
  • Commander-in-Chief, Mediterrnean, 1952–1954.
1949
    Admiral * Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces, Mediterrnean, 1953–1954;
  • First Sea Lord, 1955–1959.
1953
 
 Admiral of the Fleet * Chief of the Defence Staff and Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, 1959–1965. 1956
 
 Admiral of the Fleet Retired (Admirals of the Fleet retain their rank on retirement) 1965

[6]

Awards

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The Right Honourable Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC, FRS↵↵↵


       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

Family tree House of Bebbanburg

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Eadwulf I of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
king of Northumbria
(704 - 705)
??? daughter of King Ecgfrith of Northumbria
see Northumbrian kings family tree
Earnwine of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
Eardwulf II of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
Eardwulf III of Bamburgh
king of Northumbria
king (796 – 806 AD)
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
??? Eanred of Northumbria
king ofNorthumbria
king (c.810 – c.850 AD)
Æthelthryth
daughter of Ælla
king of Northumbria
Earl Eadwulf of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
"king of the North Saxons"
((fl. c. 890 – 913))
Ealdred I of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
(913 – c. 933)
?
Uhtred
ealdorman in Derbyshire
(fl. x 911–926, 930–50, and perhaps 955–58)
Osulf I of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
(floruit 946–963)
Waltheof of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
(floruit 994)
?
Eadwulf I 'Evil-Child' of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
(floruit 963–973)
UHTRED 'the Bold' of Northumbria
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
ealdorman and ruler of all Northumbria
(1006–16)
Eadwulf II 'Cudel' of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
(died 1019)
1. Ecgfrida
dau. of Ealdhun, Bishop of Dunham
(fl. 990)
2. Sige
dau. of Styr Ulfsson
(fl. 1000)
3. Ælfgifu
dau. of King Æthelred the Unready and Ælfgifu of York
(fl. 1016)
Ealdred II of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
((died 1038)
Eadwulf III of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
(died 1041)
Gospatrick
founder of Clan Swinton  

Eadulf Rus was a son or grandson
EaldgythMaldred
bro. of King Duncan I of Scotland
see genealogy
Siward(Sigurd)
earl of Northumbria
(r. 1041–55)
ÆlfflaedEaldgyth
m. Ligulf, 2 sons, one of which was named Uhtred
Osulf II of Bamburgh
ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh
(1065–67)
Gospatrick
(d. after 1073)earl of Northumbria
(r. 1067–1068)
earls of Dunbar (called Earl of Lothian or Earl of March)
 
Waltheof
earl of Northumbria
, Huntingdon and Northampton
(1050 – 31 May 1076)
= Judith of Lens, dau. Adelaide of Normandy sister of Wm. the Conqueror
Simon de Senlis 1.Maud
countess of Huntingdon
(c.1074—1130/31)
2. King David I of ScotlanddaughterAdelise
m. Raoul III of Tosny
Simon
earl of Huntingdon and Northampton
(c. 1098–1153)
Henry of Scotland
(1114 – 12 June 1152)
heir of Scotland
earl of Northumbria, Huntingdon, and Northampton
Kings of Scotland see genealogy  

Family Tree of the Percys

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See main article: House of Percy and Duke of Northumberland



William de Perci aux Gernons
("with whiskers", later became a common name in the family, "Algernon")
arrived in England from Normandy 1067 from Percy-en-Auge in Normandy
1st feudal baron of Topcliffe, North Yorkshire
(d. 1096/9)
Alan de Perci
2nd feudal baron of Topcliffe
(d. circa 1130/5)

 
William II de Perci
(d. 1174/5)
3rd feudal baron of Topcliffe
Godfrey I, Count of LouvainIda of Chiny
(1078–1117)
Agnes de Perci
(1134-1205)
Joscelin of Louvain
(d.1180)
4th feudal baron of Topcliffe

 
Adeliza of Louvain2. King Henry I of England 1.Matilda of ScotlandDukes of Brabant
 
Henry de PerciRichard de Perci
(d. 1244)
5th feudal baron of Topcliffe

 
Empress MatildaWilliam AdelinHouse of Hesse
Mountbattens
William III de Perci
(1197-1245)
6th feudal baron of Topcliffe

 
King Henry II "FitzEmpress" of England
Henry de Perci
(1228–1272)
7th feudal baron of Topcliffe
Henri de Perci

8th feudal baron of Topcliffe
1st Baron Percy of Alnwick by writ.
(1273–1314)

 
Henry de Percy
9th feudal baron of Topcliffe
2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick
(1299–1352)
Henry de Percy
10th feudal baron of Topcliffe
3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick
(1320–1368)
Mary of Lancaster Thomas Percy
bishop of Norwich
(d. 1369)
Margaret NevilleHenry Percy
11th feudal baron of Topcliffe
4th Baron Percy of Alnwick
1st Earl of Northumberland, 1377 forfeit 1405
(1341–1408)
Maud Lucy
heiress of Egremont  
Thomas Percy
1st Earl of Worcester
(1343 – 1403)

 
Henry Percy (Hotspur)
(1364 – 1403)
 
Thomas PercyRalph PercyAlan PercyMary Percy
Elizabeth
(c. 1390 – 1437)
Henry Percy
2nd Earl of Northumberland, 1416
(1394–1455)

 
Henry
3rd Earl of Northumberland
(1421 - 1461 )
Thomas Percy
1st Baron Egremont
(1422 – 1460)
Katherine
(1423 Aft. 1475 )
George Percy
(1424 - 1474 )
Ralph Percy
( 1425 - 1464)
Richard PercyWilliam Percy
Bishop of Carlise
(1428 – 1462)
Joan Percy
(1430 - 1482)
married Lord Edmund d'Aganet, 8th Baron of Blyth
Anne Percy
(1436 - 1522)
married Thomas Hungerford of Rowden
Henry Percy
4th Earl of Northumberland
(1449–1489) (restored 1470)
Sir Ralph PercyPeter PercySir Henry PercyGeorge PercyJohn Percy
Henry Algernon Percy
5th Earl of Northumberland
(1478–1527)
Alan Percy
(c. 1480 – 1560)
Joscelin Percy
Henry Percy
6th Earl of Northumberland
(1502–1537)
, betrothed to Anne Boleyn
Thomas Percy
(c. 1504 – 1537)
participated the Pilgrimage of Grace revolt
Edward Percy
Thomas Percy
7th Earl of Northumberland
(forfeit 1571; restored 1572)
led the Rising of the North
(1528–1572)
Henry Percy
8th Earl of Northumberland
(1532–1585)
Thomas Percy
convicted in the Gunpowder Plot
(c. 1560 – 1605)
Henry Percy
9th Earl of Northumberland
"the Wizard Earl"
(1564–1632)
Thomas PercyWilliam PercySir Charles PercyRichard PercySir Joscelin PercySir Alan PercySir George Percy
explorer, author, gov. of Virginia
(1580–1632)
Algernon Percy
10th Earl of Northumberland
(1602–1668)
Lord High Admiral of England,
later a Parliamentarian in the English Civil War
Henry Percy
Baron Percy of Alnwick
(d.1659)
royalist in the English Civil War
Joceline Percy
11th Earl of Northumberland
(1644–1670)
no male heirs, becomes the last male of direct Percy lineage to inherit the Earldom
Henry Percy
Lord Percy
(1668–1669)
only son and heir apparent
Elizabeth Percy
suo jure Baroness Percy
(1667 – 1722)
Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset
Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset
Baron Percy
(1684 – 1750)
created Earl of Northumberland, with remainder to his son-in-law
George Seymour
Viscount Beauchamp
(1725 – 1744)
Elizabeth Percy
suo jure 2nd Baroness Percy
(1730 - 1776)
Sir Hugh Percy né Smithson
4th Baronet Smithson  
2nd Earl of Northumberland by right of his wife,1750, and
1st Duke of Northumberland by creation 1766
(1714 – 1786)



DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 1766
Hugh Percy,
2nd Earl of Northumberland,
1st Duke of Northumberland

(1714–1786)
formerly Sir Hugh Smithson, Bt.
Elizabeth Seymour,
2nd Baroness Percy

(1716–1776)
Earl of Beverley
Hugh Percy,
2nd Duke of Northumberland

(1742–1817)
Algernon Percy,
1st Earl of Beverley

(1750–1830)
Hugh Percy,
3rd Duke of Northumberland

(1785–1847)
Algernon Percy,
4th Duke of Northumberland

(1792–1865)
George Percy,
5th Duke of Northumberland

(1778–1867)
Algernon George Percy,
6th Duke of Northumberland

(1810–1899)
Henry George Percy,
7th Duke of Northumberland

(1846–1918)
Alan Ian Percy,
8th Duke of Northumberland

(1880–1930)
Henry George Alan Percy,
9th Duke of Northumberland

(1912–1940)
Hugh Algernon Percy,
10th Duke of Northumberland

(1914–1988)
Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy,
11th Duke of Northumberland

(1953–1995)
Ralph George Algernon Percy,
12th Duke of Northumberland

(b. 1956)

Family Tree of the Nevilles

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Uchtred
living in the frmr kingdom of Northumbria
(c. 1100)
Dolphin
(c. 1129)
lord or the manor of Staindrop, County Durham, Northumbria
Maldred FitzDolphin
(c. 1130)
Geoffrey de NevilleRenata de Bulmer
Robert FitzMaldred
(c. 1150)
Isabel de Neville
Geoffrey FitzRobert de Neville
(b. c. 1197)
Geoffrey de Neville
(b. c. 1225)
Robert de Neville
(c. 1260/1270)
Ralph
1st baron Neville de Raby
(v. 1262-1331)
Ralph
2nd baron Neville de Raby
(v. 1291-1367)
John
3rd baron Neville de Raby
(v. 1340-1388)
Alexander
archbishop of York
(v. 1340-1392)
Ralph
4e baron Neville de Raby
1st earl of Westmorland
(v. 1364-1425)
John
(v. 1387-1420)
Richard
5th earl of Salisbury
(1400-1460)
Robert
bishop
(† 1457)
William
1st earl of Kent
(v. 1401-1463)
George
1st baron Latimer
(v. 1407-1469)
Edward
3rd baron Bergavenny
(av. 1414-1476)
Cecily
ép. Richard of York, Duke of York
(1415-1495)
Ralph
2nd earl of Westmorland
(1406-1484)
John
(v. 1410-1461)
Richard
16th earl of Warwick
(1428-1471)
John
1st marquis Montagu
(1431-1471)
George
archbishop of York
(1432-1476)
Thomas
viscount Fauconberg
(1429-1471)
Henry
(† 1469)
George
4th baron Bergavenny
(v. 1440-1492)
Ralph
3rd earl of Westmorland
(v. 1456-1499)
Anne
ép. Richard III
(1456-1485)
George
duke of Bedford
(1461-1483)
Richard
2nd baron Latimer
(v. 1468-1530)
George
5th baron Bergavenny
(v. 1469-1535)
Edward
(1471-1538)
Ralph
(† 1498)
John
3rd baron Latimer
(1493-1543)
Henry
6th baron Bergavenny
(v. 1530-1587)
Edward
7th baron Bergavenny
(v. 1526-1588)
Ralph
4th earl of Westmorland
(1498-1549)
John
4th baron Latimer
(1520-1577)
Mary
ép. Thomas Fane
(1554-1626)
Edward
8th baron Bergavenny
(v. 1550-1622)
Henry
5th earl of Westmorland
(1525-1569)
Fane Family
earls of Westmorland
Henry
9th baron Bergavenny
(av. 1580-1641)
Christopher[7]
(d. 1649)
Charles
6th earl of Westmorland
(1542-1601)
John
10th baron Bergavenny
(v. 1614-1662)
George
11th baron Bergavenny
(† 1666)
Richard[8]
(d.1643)
George
12th baron Bergavenny
(1665-1695)
George[9]
George[10]
13th baron Bergavenny
(1657-1720/1)
Edward[11]
Captain,RN
(d. 1701)
George[12]
14th baron (A)bergavenny
(1702–1723)
Edward[13]
15th baron (A)bergavenny
(d.1724)
William[14]
16th baron(A)bergavenny
(d.1744)
George[15]
17th baron (A)bergavenny
1st Earl of Abergavenny, 1784
(1727–1785)
Edward[16]
(1729- )
later Neville Family
barons (A)Bergavenny
earls and marquesses of Abergavenny
current representative is Christopher Nevill, 6th Marquess of Abergavenny


  1. ^ Albrecht Rieber; Karl Reutter (1974). Die Pfalzkapelle in Ulm (in German). p. 204.
  2. ^ Rabbow, Dr Arnold (1999), The Origin of the Royal Arms of England – a European Connection, Coat of Arms, vol. 186 (Summer 1999 ed.), 53 Hitchin Street, Baldock, Hertfordshire, SG7 6AQ: The Heraldry Society, doi:5 June 2019 {{citation}}: Check |doi= value (help)CS1 maint: location (link):

    Of course, as in the case of the English lions, we may also ask: Why three lions passant? The answer seems obvious, just like Richard found it convenient to top everybody else’s arms in England, the Suabian Hohenstaufen, from whose ranks had come all German Kings and Emperors since 1138, wanted to stress their premier rank among all German princes with a non plus ultra coat.

    It would be most natural for Richard to have been inspired by this arrangement to base his own along the same lines. But there could be even more to it, for when Henry VI released Richard, his new vassal, he might well have bestowed on him a variant of his own family coat of arms, but it is interesting to note that this would not have been an eagle coat. Several German princes bore such, clearly derived from the imperial bird. But, compared with Richard, they were lesser princes, rulers of marches on the outskirts of the Empire. Richard’s status was higher, even as a feudatory of the Emperor, who could not deceive himself into believing that he had added a new tributary state to his realm. He was well aware that their feudal relationship was personal. So he may have conferred on the king a variant not of his arms of dominion but, on a more personal note, of his family arms.

    However I must admit to a time problem. As noted above, Richard’s three lions date from the 1190s. But then, so do the Suabian beasts – first seen on a seal of Duke Philip (around 1196-1198), two to four years after Richard had returned to England. The last Suabian ruler to display the single rampant animal was Konrad (d 1196), the last known instance being in 1192.19 But armorial ensigns were changed at will and it could well be that Duke Konrad adopted the three lions some time between 1192 and 1196.

  3. ^ Brooke-Little 1950, pp. 205–222
  4. ^ a b Ailes, Adrian (1982). The Origins of The Royal Arms of England. Reading: Graduate Center for Medieval Studies, University of Reading. pp. 52–63.
  5. ^ a b c The First Foot Guards. "Coat of Arms of King George III". footguards.tripod.com. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  6. ^ "No. 40927". The London Gazette. 16 November 1956. p. 6492.
  7. ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  8. ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  9. ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  10. ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1695 - abeyant 1811), Creation: writ of sum. 1 May 1695 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-31. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  11. ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  12. ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1695 - abeyant 1811), Creation: writ of sum. 1 May 1695 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-31. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  13. ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1695 - abeyant 1811), Creation: writ of sum. 1 May 1695 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-31. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  14. ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  15. ^ "Abergavenny, Baron (GB, 1724 - abeyant 1938) Creation: writ of sum. 12 Nov 1724 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  16. ^ "Abergavenny, Baron (GB, 1724 - abeyant 1938) Creation: writ of sum. 12 Nov 1724 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.


Spencer Family Tree

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Structure of the House[1]

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Italian Wiki General Table


 
Spencer family
 
Line of
Althorp
 
Spencer of
Spencercombe
 
Baronet
of Yarnton
 
Baronet
of Offley
 
Baron Spencer of Wormleighton
 
Earls of Sunderland
 
Dukes of Marlborough
 
Earls Spencer
 
Spencer-Churchill
Dukes of Marlborough
 
Descent to
Winston Churchill
 
Spencer
Barons and Visconts Churchill

Spencer Origins

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Spencer Origins family tree
Thomas Spencer
1366-?
Henry Spencer
1392-1476
Isabel Lincoln
John Spencer
1420-1486
Thomas SpencerWilliam SpencerNicholas Spencer
Elizabeth EmpsonWilliam Spencer
?-1498
Spencer of HodnellSir John Spencer of Snitterfield
Sir John Spencer
1447-1522
Isabel GrauntJane SpencerStephen CopeThomas Spencer
Anthony SpencerJane SpencerRichard KnightleySir William Spencer
1496-1532
Susan KnightleySpencer of Badby (emigrated to America in XVII century)
Katherine KitsonSir John Spencer
1524-1586
altre 5 figlie
Anne, lady Mounteagle
?-1618
Elizabeth, lady Hunsdon
1552-1618
George Carey, II barone Hunsdon
1547-1603
Thomas Egerton
1540-1617
Alice Spencer
1559-1637
Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby
1559-1594
Sir John Spencer
1549-1600
Mary Catlin
Sir Richard Spencer
1559-1624
Helen Elinora BrocketSir William Spencer
1555-1609
Spencer of Offley (extinct in 1699)Spencer of Yarnton (extinct in 1741)Robert Spencer, I Baron Spencer of Wormleighton
From here descends Spencer, Baron Spencer of Wormleighton,earl of Sunderland

Spencer Family

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Italian Wiki Spencer Family Table

Spencer Barons of Wormleighton and Earls of Sunderland family tree
 
Robert Spencer, I Baron Spencer of Wormleighton
 
1570-1627
 
Margaret Willoughby
1560-1597
 
John Spencer
1590-1610 a Blois
 
Mary Spencer
1588-1592
 
Richard Spencer Member of Parliament
1593-1661
 
Edward Spencer Member of Parliament
1595-1656
 
William Spencer, II Baron Spencer of Wormleighton
 
1591-1636
 
Penelope Wriotheslay
 
1598-1667
 
Henry Howard
m.1663
 
Elizabeth Spencer
1618-1672
 
Henry Moore, 1st Earl of Drogheda
1628-1675
 
Alice Spencer
1625-1675
 
William Spencer of Ashton
1625-1688

Elizabeth Gerard
 
Margaret Spencer
1627-1693
 
Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
 
1621-1683
 
Robert Spencer, visconte Teviot
1629-1694
 
Jane Spencer of Yarnton
1657-1689
 
Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland
 
1620-1643
 
Dorothy Sidney
 
1617-1684
 
George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax
 
1633-1695
 
Dorothy Spencer
 
1640-1670
 
Penelope Spencer
1644-1645
 
Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland
 
1641-1702
 
Anne Digby
 
1646-1715
 
Robert Spencer
1666-1688
 
Anne Spencer
1667-1690
 
James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton
 
1658-1712
 
Isabella Spencer
1668-1684
 
Elizabeth Spencer
1671-1704
 
Donough MacCarthy, IV Earl of Clancarty
1668-1734
 
Anne Churchill
 
1683-1716
 
Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland
 
1675-1722
 
Arabella Cavendish
1673-1698
 
Judith Tichborne
1702-1749
 
Frances Spencer
1696-1742
 
Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle
1694-1758
 
Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland
1701-1729
 
Anne Spencer
1702-1769
 
William Bateman, I visconte Bateman
 
1695-1744
 
Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough
 
1706-1758
 
John Spencer
 
1708-1746
 
John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford
 
1710-1771
 
Diana Spencer
 
1710-1735
 
NN
1718-1718
 
NN
1719-1719
 
William Spencer
1720-1722
 
Spencer-Churchill
Dukes of Marlborough
 
Earls Spencer

Assumed Arms

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The family is descended in the male line from Henry Spencer (died c. 1478). In the 16th century they claimed that Henry was a descendant of the cadet branch of the ancient House Le Despencer. The descent of the family from the Medieval Despencers has been debunked, especially by J. Horace Round in his essay The Rise of the Spencers. The Spencers were granted a coat of arms in 1504, "Azure a fess Ermine between 6 sea-mews’ heads erased Argent" which bears no resemblance to that used by the family after c. 1595, which was derived from the Despencer arms, "Quarterly Argent and Gules in the second and third quarters a Fret Or overall on a Bend Sable three Escallops of the first" (the scallops standing for the difference as a cadet branch). Round argued that the Despencer descent was fabricated by Richard Lee, a corrupt Clarencieux King of Arms.[2] Citing Round, The Complete Peerage dismissed the alleged Despencer descent as an "elaborate imposture" which "is now incapable of deceiving the most credulous."[3] [4] [5]

Original coat of arms granted to the Spencer family 1504.
The (De)Spencer arms, adopted after c. 1595
Arms of the Spencer Family

Their ancestor was one Richard Ladde, grandfather of the Lord Chief Justice Sir Edward, who changed his name to Montagu in about 1447. His descendants claimed a connection with the older house of Montagu or Montacute, Barons Montagu or Montacute and Earls of Salisbury, but there is no sound evidence that the two families were related. A case has been made out for the possibility that the Ladde alias came from a division among coheirs about 1420 of the remaining small inheritance of a line of Montagus at Spratton and Little Creton, also in Northamptonshire (Sources:English Genealogy, Anthony Wagner).[6]


Montagu Arms Unquartered of Barons Montagu/Montacute
Monthermar arms, "Or, an eagle displayed vert beaked and membered gules."
Arms of Montague/Montacute, Earls of Salisbury
Arms of Montagu, dukes of Manchester, dukes of Montagu, and earls of Sandwich and Halifax, claiming to be cadets of the medieval Montagus.
Arms of Montagu Family
 
Bookplate showing the coat of arms of the Duke of Bedford

The heraldic blazon for the coat of arms of the Russell dukedom is: Argent, a lion rampant gules; on a chief sable, three escallops of the first.

The arms show a claim to be descended from the medieval lord Hugh de Rozel, which has been debunked, especially by J. Horace Round in his essay "The Rozels of Bedford". [7] [8] The family tree on the website of Woburn Abbey only refers to the descent from the provable Stephen Russell in 1394.[9]

The chief from these arms is present in the arms of the modern coat of arms of the London Borough of Camden, because the dukes of Bedford used to own land in the present borough.

arms of John Russell of Kingston Russell, ca 1200
Bertrand Arms 13th Century
with a chief sable, the arms assigned by the heralds to the mythical Hugh de Rosel ca. 1066
Arms of the Duke of Bedford
Supposed lineage of Russell Arms


  1. ^ https://genealogy.euweb.cz/brit/spencer1.html#E
  2. ^ Round, pp. 292–309
  3. ^ The Complete Peerage, vol. 4, p. 259. See also the Nov. 1902 edition of The Ancestor Quarterly, which described the Spencers as "that pushful house of shepherd kings" with a "brand new and more than doubtful pedigree." Sounding a more gentle tone, Don Steel in the March 1996 edition of Soul Search noted sadly that the pedigree forgery "obscures the real achievement of the Spencers of Althorpe. Alone, perhaps among the English nobility, the Spencers owed their riches and their rise not to the favour of a king or to the spoils of monasteries, nor even to a fortune made in trade, but to successful farming."
  4. ^ Round, J. Horace (1901). "The Spencers and The Despencers". The Baronage. The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd. Retrieved 1 January 2017. So it was Clarencieux King of Arms who foisted this pedigree on Sir John Spencer in 1595. The family had, by that time, largely increased its wealth, for Sir John's mother was a daughter of the well-known Sir Thomas Kytson, who had acquired a great fortune as a mercer in London. Lee, to whom Queen Elizabeth said that "if he proved no better" than his predecessor Cooke, Clarencieux, "yt made no matter yf hee were hanged," must have felt that it was Sir John's duty to "pay, pay, pay" for a new pedigree and coat. For a hungry King of Arms he was a marked man. Now we can understand how it was that the monument erected in or after 1596 displays the Despencer coat, while those already existing in the interesting Spencer chapel became bedecked, right and left, with the fruits of Lee's discovery. When the heralds next visited the county (1617-8), the new baronial pedigree was entered in all its splendour. The shepherd peer was now of the stock of "ye Earles of Winchester and Glocester." A year later he had soared higher; he was in direct male descent from "Ivon Viscount de Constantine," who had married, even before the Conquest, a sister of the "earl of Brittany." And now let me once more insist on the modus operandi of Clarencieux Lee, the original rascal and the "onlie begetter" of this precious pedigree. He took from the records Spencers and Despencers wherever he could lay hands on them, fitted them together in one pedigree at his own sweet will, rammed into his composition several distinct families, and then boldly certified the whole as gospel truth. It is needless, after this exposure, to pursue further. We are, once more, simply dealing with one of those lying concoctions hatched within the walls of the Heralds' College, certified by its Kings of Arms, and still "on record" among its archives. This, be it observed, is no case of a tradition rashly or credulously accepted. Clarencieux compiled the pedigree, as he said he had done, from records; but, with these records before him, he deliberately and fraudulently invented a descent which their evidence proves to be false. He knew, therefore, perfectly well that what he officially certified to be true was a lie of his own invention. Recorded by Vincent at the Visitation of 1617, accepted by Garter Segar, certified by Garter Heard: even in the present century, this impudent concoction is an instance of what we owe to the College of Arms. The pedigrees with which it is hardest to deal are those in which fact and fiction are cunningly intertwined. Here, for instance, it is perfectly true that John le Despencer married Joan, daughter (and heiress) of Robert le Lou (Lupus), who brought him the manor of Castle-Carlton, Lincolnshire. This we learn from the Lincolnshire Inquest taken after his death, which proves that Joan died without surviving issue, and that John held the manor, by the courtesy of England, until his death. John himself had inherited the manor of Martley, Worcestershire, which had been granted to his father by Henry III. The heralds must have seen the difficulty caused by its not descending to his alleged sons, but being, on the contrary, afterwards found in the hands of the Hugh Despencers. For they "doctored" the pedigree accordingly. But their real crime was providing John with a wholly fictitious second wife, in order to make him the father of men with whom he had nothing to do.
  5. ^ Round, J. Horace (1901). "The Spencer Family". The Baronage. The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd. Retrieved 1 January 2017. In 1504, John Spencer, an innovative and entrepreneurial yeoman, considered himself sufficiently successful to justify petitioning for a grant of arms. He was awarded Azure a fess Ermine between 6 sea-mews' heads erased Argent and could thenceforward be accounted a gentleman. (He was subsequently knighted by Henry VIII. ) At this time English society was still restructuring itself after the turmoil of the Wars of the Roses, and the gentry and the peerage were being restocked with new families seeking gentility. If at this time, 1504, John Spencer had any thought that he might be descended from the great mediaeval family of the Despencers, if there had been any legend among his kinsmen that this could be so, if there had been any chance that the suggestion would be taken seriously by the heralds, then he must have asked for arms similar to those of the Despencers and a note of his request and of its grounds would have been made in the records. As it was, the arms he was awarded could hardly be more dissimilar from those of the Despencers (here on the right), and there is no note. The arms granted in 1504 were used at least as late as 1576, and probably remained so in use until 1595, the year Richard Lee, Clarenceux King of Arms, visited the Spencer seat at Althorpe and "discovered" the family's descent as cadets of the great Despencers. The consequences of this visit included a monument to the memory of his host's father being erected with the ancient Despencer arms (with the addition of three escallops in bend) displayed instead of the Spencer arms, and an earlier monument to the 1504 grantee, the first Sir John Spencer, having the 1504 Spencer arms removed and replaced with the Despencer arms. This rewrote history.
  6. ^ Wagner, Anthony (1960). English Genealogy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780712667241. The explanation of a fifteenth century yeoman's Norman name might sometimes be female descent from a knightly house through a coheir. The Montagus of Boughton, Northhamptonshire, who acquired a barony in 1621, an earldom in 1689, the dukedom of Montagu in 1705, and in their younger branches the earldom of Manchester in 1626, the dukedom of Manchester in 1719, and the earldom of Sandwich in 1660, descended from Richard Montagu alias Ladde, a yeoman or husbandman, living in 1471 at Hanging Houghton, Northamptonshire, where the Laddes had been tenants since the fourteenth century. Alias names, in some respect the forerunners of modern compound (or double-barreled) name, were common in the Middle Ages. In the earliest times, when surnames were new, an alias may just mean indecision between equally attractive alternatives. Later they sometimes indicate bastardy (one name perhaps being the father's and one the mother's), but in most cases probably mark inheritance through an heiress whose name was thus perpetuated. A good case has been made out for the possibility that the Ladde alias came from a division among coheirs about 1420 of the remaining small inheritance of a line of Montagus at Spratton and Little Creton, also in Northamptonshire. This line was of knightly origin and probably a branch of the baronial Montagus (Earls of Salisbury from 1337), whose almost certain ancestor Dru de Montagud was a tenant-in-chief in 1086. Other yeoman Montagus are found in Buckinghamshire from 1354 when Roger Montagu appears as a witness to a quitclaim of land in Great Kimble, notably in Halton where a family of Montagu alias Elot held land from about 1440 to 1610. A line of Montagus found in Waddesdon from about 1540 may have branched from these. These in the eighteenth century were shepherds and drovers and one set up in Aylesbury as a wheelwright and another as a tailor. Another line, also possibly branched from Halton, is found at Boveney and Dorney in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This produced Richard Montagu, Bishop of Chichester (1628-38) and Norwich (1638-41), and Peter Montagu, who settled in Virginia.
  7. ^ Round, pp. 292–309
  8. ^ Round, J. Horace (1999). "The Rozels of Bedford". The Baronage. The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
  9. ^ "Family Tree of the Russells". The Woburn Estate. Woburn Enterprises. 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2017.


Fictional

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Poldark

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Downtown Abbey

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