Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG,[1] also known simply as Mack Rides, is a German company that designs and constructs amusement rides, based in Waldkirch, Baden-Württemberg. It is one of the world's oldest amusement industry suppliers, and builds many types of rides, including flat rides, dark rides, log flumes, tow boat rides and roller coasters.[2] The family that owns Mack Rides also owns Europa-Park.[3]

Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG
Company typePrivate, family-owned
IndustryAmusement park
Founded1780; 244 years ago (1780)
FounderPaul Mack
HeadquartersWaldkirch, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Area served
Worldwide
ProductsRoller coasters, water rides and other amusement rides
OwnerMack family
SubsidiariesEuropa-Park
Websitewww.mack-rides.com

History

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1780s–1950s

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Mack Rides traces its roots back to 1780 when Paul Mack, a young entrepreneur, started building carriages and stagecoaches. The Mack Company began building organ wagons and caravans for travelling showmen in 1880, commencing the company's involvement in the amusement industry. Its first wooden roller coaster was built in 1921, the first car ride in 1936, and the first wooden bobsled ride in 1951. By 1952 Mack Rides started increasing its exports of rides to the U.S. market.[2]

1950s–present

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Franz Mack

Europa-Park is run by the Mack family. Franz Mack (1921–2010) in 1958 took over the family firm, Mack GmbH & Co (now Mack Rides), together with his brothers. With his son Roland (b. 1949), he visited the United States in 1972 and was inspired to open a theme park in Germany, as an exhibition site for his company's products.[citation needed]

At first, the park was to be located in Breisach. It was named "Europa-Park" after Breisach's nearby Europaweiher, a small artificial lake that commemorates a historical pilot poll in Breisach held in 1950, in which 95.6% of voters were in favour of European unification. The Breisach site was deemed unsuitable because of flooding hazard, and the project was moved 30 km north, where the Macks bought the park of the historical Balthasar castle in Rust.[citation needed]

Europa-Park opened in 1975 with an area of 16 hectares. It had 250,000 visitors in its first year, 700,000 in the second, then passed one million in 1978.[citation needed]

List of roller coasters

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As of September 2024, Mack Rides has built 173 roller coasters around the world.[4]

Name Model Park Country Opened Status Ref
Run A Way Mine Train Powered Coaster Gold Reef City   South Africa Unknown Operating [5]
Turmbahn Unknown Tivoli Gardens   Denmark 1938 Removed [6]
Meteor Unknown Sportland Pier
Freedom Land USA
Sportland Pier
  United States 1966
1963 to 1965
1960 to 1961
Removed [7]
[8]
[9]
Apache Whirlwind Powered Coaster Frontier Village Amusement Park   United States 1976 Removed [10]
Wizard's Cavern
Formerly Love Bugs
Formerly Broadway Trip
Unknown Casino Pier
Canadian National Exhibition
Palisades Amusement Park
Cedar Point
Fun Forest Amusement Park
  United States 1979
1972 to 1978
1966 to 1971
1964 to 1965
1962 to 1962
Removed [11]
[12]
[13] &[14]
[15]
[16]
Blauer Enzian Powered Coaster Gröna Lund   Sweden 1980 Removed [17]
Tokaido Powered Coaster Ankara Luna Park   Turkey 1980 Operating [18]
Thunder Run
Formerly Blauer Enzian
Powered Coaster Canada's Wonderland   Canada 1981 Operating [19]
Flying Fish
Formerly Space Station Zero
Powered Coaster Thorpe Park   United Kingdom 1983 Operating [20] &[21]
Alpenexpress Enzian
Formerly Grottenblitz
Powered Coaster Europa-Park   Germany 1984 Removed [22]
Schweizer Bobbahn Bobsled Europa-Park   Germany 1985 Operating [23]
Grottenblitz Powered Coaster Heide Park   Germany 1985 Operating [24]
Odinexpressen Powered Coaster Tivoli Gardens   Denmark 1985 Removed [25]
Little Eagle Unknown Broadway Grand Prix
Myrtle Beach Pavilion
  United States Unknown
1986 to 2006
Removed [26]
[27]
Scorpion Express
Formerly Runaway Train
Powered Coaster Chessington World of Adventures   United Kingdom 1987 Closed [28]
Gruvbanan
Formerly Berg-o-dal-banan
Powered Coaster Skara Sommarland   Sweden 1987 Operating [29]
Reptilian
Formerly Avalanche
Bobsled Kings Dominion   United States 1988 Operating [30]
Electro
Formerly Capitale Express
Unknown Méga Parc   Canada 1988 Operating [31]
Avalanche Bobsled Blackpool Pleasure Beach   United Kingdom 1988 Operating [32]
Eurosat - CanCan Coaster
Formerly Eurosat
Gravity Coaster Europa-Park   Germany 1989 Operating [33]
Blauer Enzian Powered Coaster Freizeit-Land Geiselwind   Germany 1989 Operating [34]
Idän Pikajuna Powered Coaster Tykkimäki   Finland 1989 Operating [35]
Pikajuna
Formerly City Express
Powered Coaster Linnanmäki   Finland 1990 Operating [36]
Munich Autobahn Bobsled Kobe Portopialand   Japan 1991 Removed [37]
Rexplorer
Formerly Explorer
Powered Coaster Mirabilandia   Italy 1992 Operating [38]
Runaway Mine Train Powered Coaster Alton Towers   United Kingdom 1992 Operating [39]
Gold Mine Train Powered Coaster Nigloland   France 1992 Operating [40]
Spreeblitz
Formerly Le Dragon des Sortilèges
Powered Coaster Spreepark
Mirapolis
  Germany 1992 Closed [41]
[42]
Kansas City-Express
Formerly Blauer Enzian
Powered Coaster Fränkisches Wunderland
Movie Park Germany
Tivoli Karolinelund
  Germany 1993
1987 to 1991
Unknown
Removed [43]
[44]
[45]
Bobbahn
Formerly Schweizer Bobbahn
Bobsled Heide Park   Germany 1994 Operating [46]
Gran Montserrat Unknown Parque Espana-Shima Spain Village   Japan 1994 Operating [47]
Wild Mouse Wilde Maus Nagashima Spa Land   Japan 1996 Operating [48] &[49]
Wild Mouse Wilde Maus Magic Land   Egypt 1996 Removed [50]
Runaway Train Powered Coaster Elitch Gardens   United States 1996 Removed [51]
Euro-Mir Spinning Coaster Europa-Park   Germany 1997 Operating [52]
Dragen Powered Coaster Legoland Billund   Denmark 1997 Operating [53]
Blauer Enzian Powered Coaster Toshimaen   Japan 1997 Removed [54]
Gletscherblitz Powered Coaster Steinwasen Park   Germany 1998 Operating [55]
Journey to Atlantis Water Coaster SeaWorld Orlando   United States 1998 Operating [56]
Speedy Bob Wilde Maus Bobbejaanland   Belgium 1998 Operating [57] &[58]
Taunusblitz Wilde Maus Taunus Wunderland   Germany 1999 Operating [59]
Matterhorn Blitz Wilde Maus Europa-Park   Germany 1999 Operating [60]
The Fly Wilde Maus Canada's Wonderland   Canada 1999 Operating [61]
Wild Mouse Wilde Maus Hersheypark   United States 1999 Operating [62]
Ghost Chasers
Formerly Mad Manor
Formerly Tom and Jerry's Mouse in the House
Wilde Maus Movie Park Germany   Germany 2000 Operating [63]
Spatiale Expérience Gravity Coaster Nigloland   France 1998 Operating [64]
Water Rollercoaster Poseidon Water Coaster Europa-Park   Germany 2000 Operating [65]
Bob Express Powered Coaster Bobbejaanland   Belgium 2000 Operating [66]
Goofy's Sky School
Formerly Mulholland Madness
Wilde Maus Disney California Adventure   United States 2001 Operating [67]
Trace Du Hourra Bobsled Parc Astérix   France 2001 Operating [68]
Technic Coaster Wilde Maus Legoland California   United States 2001 Operating [69]
Das Große LEGO Rennen
Formerly Project X - Test Strecke
Wilde Maus Legoland Deutschland   Germany 2002 Operating [70]
Ricochet Wilde Maus Carowinds   United States 2002 Operating [71]
Apple Zapple
Formerly Ricochet
Wilde Maus Kings Dominion   United States 2002 Operating [72]
X-treme Racers Wilde Maus Legoland Billund   Denmark 2002 Operating [73]
Scooby-Doo Spooky Coaster Wilde Maus Warner Bros. Movie World   Australia 2002 Closed [74]
SuperSplash SuperSplash TusenFryd   Norway 2003 Operating [75]
Sand Serpent
Formerly Cheetah Chase
Formerly Wild Maus
Formerly Izzy
Wilde Maus Busch Gardens Tampa
Busch Gardens Williamsburg
  United States 2004
1996 to 2003
Removed [76]
[77]
Draak Powered Coaster Plopsaland   Belgium 2004 Operating [78]
Tulireki E-Motion Coaster Linnanmäki   Finland 2004 Operating [79]
Journey to Atlantis Water Coaster SeaWorld San Diego   United States 2004 Operating [80]
Atlantica SuperSplash SuperSplash Europa-Park   Germany 2005 Operating [81]
Dynamite Express Powered Coaster Drievliet   Netherlands 2005 Operating [82]
Reaper, Drop ride to doom! E-Motion Coaster Amsterdam Dungeon   Netherlands 2005 Removed [83]
Montanha Russa Water Coaster Aquashow Family Park   Portugal 2006 Operating [84]
Pegasus - The YoungStar Coaster YoungSTAR Coaster Europa-Park   Germany 2006 Operating [85]
Expreso Minero Powered Coaster Parque Plaza Sesamo   Mexico 2006 Operating [86]
Schlitt'Express Wilde Maus Nigloland   France 2007 Operating [87]
Journey to Atlantis SuperSplash SeaWorld San Antonio   United States 2007 Operating [88]
Sierra Sidewinder Spinning Coaster Knott's Berry Farm   United States 2007 Operating [89]
Armada Invencible
Formerly Caribbean Splash
SuperSplash Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village   Taiwan 2008 Operating [90]
Götterblitz YoungSTAR Coaster Familypark   Austria 2008 Operating [91]
The Dark Knight Wilde Maus Six Flags Great Adventure   United States 2008 Operating [92]
Six Flags Great America   United States 2008 Operating [93]
Six Flags Mexico
Six Flags New England
  Mexico 2009
2008
Operating [94]
[95]
Eurospeed
Formerly Rothaarblitz
Powered Coaster Europark
Panorama Park
  France 2009
1982 to 2007
Operating [96]
[97]
Blue Fire Launch Coaster Europa-Park   Germany 2009 Operating [98]
Vértigo
Formerly Speedy Bob
Wilde Maus Parque de Atracciones de Madrid
Bobbejaanland
  Spain 2009
1998 to 2008
Operating [99]
[57]
Correcaminos Bip, Bip YoungSTAR Coaster Parque Warner Madrid   Spain 2009 Operating [100]
Young Star Coaster YoungSTAR Coaster Chimelong Paradise   China 2010 Operating [101]
Space Fantasy - The Ride
Formerly Kyary Pamyu Pamyu XR Ride
Spinning Coaster Universal Studios Japan   Japan 2010 Operating [102]
Twist Spinning Coaster Le Pal   France 2011 Operating [103]
Wilde Maus
Formerly Zig Zag
Wilde Maus Freizeit-Land Geiselwind
Sommerland Syd
Attractiepark Toverland
Walygator Parc
  Germany 2011
2010
2004
2003
Removed [104]
[105]
[106]
[107]
Skatteøen Water Coaster Djurs Sommerland   Denmark 2011 Operating [108]
Tiger Express
Formerly Flying Dutchman Gold Mine
Wilde Maus La Mer de Sable
Walibi Holland
  France 2011
2000 to 2010
Operating [109]
[110]
Great Lego Race
Formerly Project X
Formerly Jungle Coaster
Wilde Maus Legoland Florida
Legoland Windsor
  United States 2011
2004 to 2009
Operating [111]
[112]
Vilde Mus Wilde Maus Bakken   Denmark 2012 Operating [113]
Manta Launch Coaster SeaWorld San Diego   United States 2012 Operating [114]
Arctic Blast Powered Coaster Ocean Park Hong Kong   Hong Kong 2012 Operating [115]
Great Lego Race
Formerly Project X
Wilde Maus Legoland Malaysia   Malaysia 2012 Operating [116]
Dwervelwind
Formerly d'wervelwind
Spinning Coaster Attractiepark Toverland   Netherlands 2012 Operating [117]
Storm Mega Coaster Etnaland   Italy 2013 Operating [118]
Coast Rider Wilde Maus Knott's Berry Farm   United States 2013 Operating [119]
Storm Coaster Water Coaster Sea World   Australia 2013 Operating [120]
Dragon Launch Coaster Sochi Park Adventureland   Russia 2014 Operating [121]
Sharolet Wilde Maus Sochi Park Adventureland   Russia 2014 Operating [122]
Wild Mouse Wilde Maus Antibes Land
Walygator Parc
Expoland
  France 2014
2008 to 2013
1996 to 2007
Operating [123]
[124]
[125]
Walrus Splash SuperSplash Chimelong Ocean Kingdom   China 2014 Operating [126]
Polar Explorer Water Coaster Chimelong Ocean Kingdom   China 2014 Operating [127]
Alpina Blitz Mega Coaster Nigloland   France 2014 Operating [128]
Helix Launch Coaster Liseberg   Sweden 2014 Operating [129]
Battle of Blue Fire Launch Coaster Quancheng Euro Park   China 2014 Operating [130]
ARTHUR Inverted Powered Coaster Europa-Park   Germany 2014 Operating [131]
Velikoluksky Miasokombinat Launch Coaster Wonder Island   Russia 2015 Operating [132]
Turbulence Spinning Coaster Adventureland   United States 2015 Operating [133]
Miniwah Powered Coaster Freizeitpark Plohn   Germany 2015 Operating [134]
Flash
Formerly Lightning
Hyper Coaster Lewa Adventure   China 2016 Operating [135]
Lost Gravity BigDipper Walibi Holland   Netherlands 2016 Operating [136]
Flight of the Hippogriff YoungSTAR Coaster Universal Studios Hollywood   United States 2016 Operating [137]
Dragon Express Spinning Coaster Oriental Neverland   China 2016 Operating [138]
Pulsar PowerSplash Walibi Belgium   Belgium 2016 Operating [139]
Cobra's Curse Spinning Coaster Busch Gardens Tampa   United States 2016 Operating [140]
Spider-Man: Doc Ock's Revenge Spinning Coaster IMG Worlds of Adventure   United Arab Emirates 2016 Operating [141]
Velociraptor Launch Coaster IMG Worlds of Adventure   United Arab Emirates 2016 Operating [142]
Capitol Bullet Train Launch Coaster Motiongate Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2017 Operating [143]
Dragon Gliders Inverted Powered Coaster Motiongate Dubai   United Arab Emirates 2017 Operating [144]
Star Trek: Operation Enterprise Launch Coaster Movie Park Germany   Germany 2017 Operating [145]
DC Rivals HyperCoaster Hyper Coaster Warner Bros. Movie World   Australia 2017 Operating [146]
Dancing Oscar Spinning Coaster Shinhwa Theme Park   South Korea 2017 Operating [147]
Slinky Dog Dash Launch Coaster Disney's Hollywood Studios   United States 2018 Operating [148]
Icon Launch Coaster Blackpool Pleasure Beach   United Kingdom 2018 Operating [149]
Time Traveler Xtreme Spinning Coaster Silver Dollar City   United States 2018 Operating [150]
Hyper Coaster Hyper Coaster Land of Legends Theme Park   Turkey 2018 Operating [151]
Launch Coaster Launch Coaster Colourful Yunnan Happy World   China 2018 Operating [152]
Tiger Leaping Gorge SuperSplash Colourful Yunnan Happy World   China 2018 Operating [153]
Kraken's Revenge Water Coaster Desaru Coast Adventure Waterpark   Malaysia 2018 Operating [154]
Power Splash PowerSplash Happy Valley Shenzhen   China 2019 Operating [155]
Dynamite BigDipper Freizeitpark Plohn   Germany 2019 Operating [156]
Copperhead Strike Launch Coaster Carowinds   United States 2019 Operating [157]
Steam Racers Launch Coaster Wuxi Sunac Land   China 2019 Operating [158]
Gods of Egypt - Battle for Eternity Powered Coaster Lionsgate Entertainment World   China 2019 Operating [159]
Mælkevejen Powered Coaster Tivoli Gardens   Denmark 2019 Operating [160]
Max & Moritz Powered Coaster Efteling   Netherlands 2020 Operating [161]
Storm Chaser Spinning Coaster Paultons Park   United Kingdom 2021 Operating [162]
Twin Spin Spinning Coaster Enchanted Kingdom   Philippines 2021 Operating [163]
Krampus Expédition Water Coaster Nigloland   France 2021 Operating [164]
The Ride to Happiness Xtreme Spinning Coaster Plopsaland   Belgium 2021 Operating [165]
Blu Power PowerSplash Tetysblu Theme Park   Kazakhstan 2021 Operating [166]
Rockin' Blu Spinning Coaster Tetysblu Theme Park   Kazakhstan 2021 Operating [167]
Flight of the Hippogriff YoungSTAR Coaster Universal Studios Beijing   China 2021 Operating [168]
Jurassic Flyers Inverted Powered Coaster Universal Studios Beijing   China 2021 Operating [169]
Steel Taipan Launch Coaster Dreamworld   Australia 2021 Operating [170]
Blue Fire Launch Coaster Xuzhou Paradise   China 2021 Operating [171]
Giant Digger Launch Coaster Lotte's Magic Forest   South Korea 2022 Operating [172]
Giant Splash PowerSplash Lotte's Magic Forest   South Korea 2022 Operating [173]
T-Rex Family Coaster Powered Coaster Djurs Sommerland   Denmark 2022 Operating [174]
Carrara Powered Coaster Mandoria   Poland 2022 Operating [175]
Beyond the Cloud Launch Coaster Suzhou Amusement Land Forest World   China 2022 Operating [176]
Aquaman: Power Wave PowerSplash Six Flags Over Texas   United States 2023 Operating [177]
Fjord Explorer Water Coaster Le Pal   France 2024 Operating [178]
Voltron Nevera Stryker Coaster Europa-Park   Germany 2024 Operating [179]
Alpenexpress Enzian Powered Coaster Europa-Park   Germany 2024 Operating [180]
Hyperia Hyper Coaster Thorpe Park Resort   United Kingdom 2024 Operating [181]
Gobbi Express
Formerly Galaxie Express
Powered Coaster Taunus Wunderland
Space Center
  Germany 2024
2003 to 2004
Under construction [182]
[183]
Wiener Looping BigDipper Wiener Prater   Austria 2024 Under construction [184]
Unknown Water Coaster Happy Valley Xi'an   China 2024 Under construction [185]
Unknown BigDipper Sun World Bà Nà Hills   Vietnam 2024 Under construction [186]
Stardust Racers Racing Launch Coaster Universal Epic Universe   United States 2025 Under construction [187]
Unknown Spinning Coaster Universal Epic Universe   United States 2025 Under construction
Helios Stryker Coaster Fantasiana   Austria 2025 Under construction [188]
Unknown Xtreme Spinning Coaster Holiday Park   Germany 2026 Under construction [189]
Unknown Water Coaster Freizeitpark Plohn   Germany 2026 Under construction [190]
Saw Mill Falls Water Coaster Six Flags Qiddiya   Saudi Arabia TBD Under construction [191]
Unknown PowerSplash Real Madrid World   United Arab Emirates Unknown In storage [192]
Unknown Hyper Coaster Real Madrid World   United Arab Emirates Unknown In storage [193]
Unknown PowerSplash Sunac Cultural Tourism City   China TBD In Storage [194]
Unknown Hyper Coaster Sunac Cultural Tourism City   China TBD In Storage [195]

List of other attractions

edit
Name Model Park Country Opened Status Ref
Blanche-Neige et les Sept Nains Dark Ride Disneyland Park   France 1992 Operating
Whale Adventures – Northern Lights Interactive Boat Ride Europa-Park   Germany 2010 Operating
Tiroler Log Flume Log Flume Europa-Park   Germany 1978 Operating
Pirate Adventure Free-Flow Boat Ride Drayton Manor Theme Park   United Kingdom 1990 Closed
Atlantis Submarine Voyage Submarine Dark Ride Legoland Windsor   United Kingdom 2011 Operating
Around the World in 80 Days Dark Ride Alton Towers   United Kingdom 1981 Removed
Battle Galleons Interactive Boat Ride Alton Towers   United Kingdom 2008 Operating
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: The Ride Dark Ride Alton Towers   United Kingdom 2006 Removed
Duel - The Haunted House Strikes Back! Dark Ride Alton Towers   United Kingdom 2003 Removed
Marauder's Mayhem Tea Cups Alton Towers   United Kingdom 1986 Operating
In the Night Garden Magical Boat Ride Free-Flow Boat Ride Alton Towers   United Kingdom 2014 Operating
The Flume Log Flume Alton Towers   United Kingdom 1981 Removed
Battle Boats Interactive Boat Ride Sea World   Australia 2010 Operating [196]
Loggers Leap Log Flume Thorpe Park   United Kingdom 1989 Removed
Rocky Express Sea Storm Ride Thorpe Park   United Kingdom 1989 Closed
River Battle Interactive Boat Ride Dollywood   United States 2008 Removed [197]
Tiger Rock Log Flume Chessington World of Adventures   United Kingdom 1987 Operating [198]
Safari Skyway Monorail Chessington World of Adventures   United Kingdom 1986 Removed
Seastorm Sea Storm Ride Chessington World of Adventures   United Kingdom 1995 Operating
Sea Dragons Spinning Boat Ride Chessington World of Adventures   United Kingdom 2004 Operating
Tomb Blaster Interactive Dark Ride Chessington World of Adventures   United Kingdom 2002 Operating
Dudley Do-Right's Ripsaw Falls Log Flume Universal's Islands of Adventure   United States 1999 Operating [199]
Storm Force Accelatron Tea Cups Universal's Islands of Adventure   United States 2000 Operating [200]
Cannonball Express Musik Express Great Escape   United States 1974 Operating
Musik Express Superbob/Musik Express Lagoon   United States 1982 Operating
Aqua Twist Twist 'n' Splash La Ronde   Canada 2013 Operating [201]
Flash: Speed Force Music Express Six Flags Magic Mountain   United States 2014 Operating
The Penguin Twist 'n' Splash Six Flags Discovery Kingdom   United States 2014 Operating
Tsunami Soaker Twist 'n' Splash Six Flags St. Louis   United States 2014 Operating
Buccaneer Battle Interactive Boat Ride Six Flags Great America   United States 2009 Removed
Expreso Musical Music Express Six Flags México   Mexico Unknown Operating
Carnaval Festival Dark Ride Efteling   Netherlands 1984 Operating
Monsieur Cannibale Tea Cups Efteling   Netherlands 1988 Closed
Sirocco Tea Cups Efteling   Netherlands 2022 Operating
De Oude Tufferbaan Tracked Ride Efteling   Netherlands 1984 Operating
Expedition Nautilus Twist 'n' Splash Attractiepark Slagharen   Netherlands 2013 Operating
Wild West Adventure Free-Flow Boat Ride Attractiepark Slagharen   Netherlands 2001 Operating
Wild Waterval Log Flume Avonturenpark Hellendoorn   Netherlands 1982 Operating
Backstroke Log Flume Attractiepark Toverland   Netherlands 2004 Operating
Crazy River Log Flume Walibi Holland   Netherlands 1994 Operating
Rimbula River Free-Flow Boat Ride Wildlands Adventure Zoo Emmen   Netherlands 2016 Operating
Koffietassen Tea Cups Bellewaerde   Belgium 1989 Operating
De Boomstammetjes Log Flume Plopsaland   Belgium 1989 Operating
Koffiekopjes Tea Cups Plopsaland   Belgium 2003 Operating
Kaatje zoekt Eendje Tow Boat Ride Plopsaland   Belgium 2001 Operating
Storm op Zee Sea Storm Ride Plopsaland   Belgium 2001 Operating
De Tractors Unknown Plopsaland   Belgium 2002 Operating
Wickie The Battle Interactive Boat Ride Plopsaland   Belgium 2013 Operating
Flash Back Log Flume Walibi Belgium   Belgium 1995 Operating
Angkor Interactive Boat Ride PortAventura Park   Spain 2014 Operating
Alligator Baie Interactive Boat Ride Le Pal   France 2014 Operating
The Quest for Chi Interactive Boat Ride Legoland Florida   United States Unknown Operating
Käpt'n Nicks Piratenschlacht Interactive Boat Ride Legoland Deutschland   Germany 2007 Operating
Pirate Splash Battle Interactive Boat Ride Legoland Billund   Denmark Unknown Operating
Tom & Huck's River Blast Interactive Boat Ride Silver Dollar City   United States 2010 Operating
ToPiLauLa-Schlacht Interactive Boat Ride Heide Park   Germany 2010 Operating
The Pirate Revenge Twist 'n' Splash Fantasilandia   Chile 2014 Operating
SpongeBob's Splash Bash Twist 'n' Splash Blackpool Pleasure Beach   United Kingdom 2011 Operating
Battle of the Pirates Twist 'n' Splash Chimelong Ocean Kingdom   China Unknown Operating
Pirates Attack Interactive Boat Ride Fraispertuis City   France 2011 Operating
Wasserschlacht im Reich des T-Rex Interactive Boat Ride Rasti-Land   Germany 2007 Operating
Storm in a Teacup Tea Cups Thorpe Park   United Kingdom 1986 Operating
Tiger Rock Log Flume Chessington World of Adventures   United Kingdom 2018 Operating
Alton Towers Dungeon Dark Ride Alton Towers   United Kingdom 2019 Operating
Grampy Rabbit's Sailing Club Spinning Boat Ride Paultons Park   United Kingdom 2018 Operating
Snoopy's Junction Train Ride Kings Island   United States 1982 Operating
Abenteuer Atlantis Interactive Dark Ride Europa-Park   Germany 2007 Operating
Geisterschloss Dark Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1982 Operating
Madame Freudenreichs Curiosités Dark Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1994 Operating
Piccolo Mondo Dark Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1982 Operating
Schlittenfahrt Schneeflöckchen Dark Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1998 Operating
Der fliegende Holländer Spinning Boat Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1982 Operating
Feria Swing Matterhorn Europa-Park   Germany 1994 Operating
Jungfrau-Gletscherflieger Polyp Europa-Park   Germany 1989 Operating
Koffiekopjes Tea Cups Europa-Park   Germany 1985 Operating
Roter Baron Spinning Plane Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1980 Operating
Sheep Rock Spinning Boat Ride Europa-Park   Germany 2016 Operating
Spinning Dragons Spinning Ride Europa-Park   Germany 2016 Operating
Jim Knopf - Reise durch Lummerland Tracked Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1977 Operating
Lada-Autodrom Tracked Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1987 Operating
Silverstone-Piste Tracked Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1975 Operating
Wichtelhausen Tracked Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1975 Operating
Jolly Buccaneer Spinning Boat Ride Drayton Manor Theme Park   United Kingdom 1992 Operating
Elfenfahrt Free-Flow Boat Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1979 Operating
Euro-Tower Observation Tower Europa-Park   Germany 1983 Operating
Phantom Fantasia Dark Ride Thorpe Park   United Kingdom 1983 Removed
The Backyardians' Pirate Treasure Spinning Boat Ride Blackpool Pleasure Beach   United Kingdom 1999 Operating
Marionetten-Bootsfahrt Free-Flow Boat Ride Europa-Park   Germany 1992 Operating
Tales Of The Coast Free-Flow Boat Ride Pleasurewood Hills   United Kingdom 1983 Removed
Fisketuren Spinning Boat Ride Liseberg   Sweden 1988 Operating
Kaffekoppen Tea Cups Liseberg   Sweden 1985 Operating
Kaninresan Free-Flow Boat Ride Liseberg   Sweden 2001 Operating
Den Flyvende Kuffert Dark Ride Tivoli Gardens   Denmark 1993 Operating
Minen Free-Flow Boat Ride Tivoli Gardens   Denmark 2003 Operating
Tekopparna Tea Cups Gröna Lund   Sweden 2008 Operating
Kahvikuppikaruselli Tea Cups Linnanmäki   Finland 2002 Operating
Floßfahrt Tow Boat Ride Heide Park   Germany 1978 Operating
Käpt'ns Törn Free-Flow Boat Ride Heide Park   Germany 1997 Operating
Wildwasserbahn Log Flume Heide Park   Germany 1980 Operating
Oldtimer Tracked Ride Heide Park   Germany 1978 Operating
Koggenfahrt Spinning Boat Ride Heide Park   Germany 1982 Removed
Sea Storm SeaStorm Fantasy Island   United Kingdom 2017 Operating

References

edit
  1. ^ "Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG". Mack Rides. October 11, 2004. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Europa-Park Special". Rust, Germany: Mack International. 2012: 36. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ MacDonald, Brady (24 January 2012). "Wing-dipping Manta coaster coming to SeaWorld San Diego in May". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  4. ^ "Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG (Waldkirch, Baden-Württemberg, Germany)".
  5. ^ Marden, Duane. "Run A Way Mine Train  (Gold Reef City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  6. ^ Marden, Duane. "Turmbahn  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  7. ^ Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Sportland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  8. ^ Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Freedom Land USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  9. ^ Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Sportland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  10. ^ Marden, Duane. "Apache Whirlwind  (Frontier Village Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  11. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wizard's Cavern  (Casino Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  12. ^ Marden, Duane. "Love Bugs  (Canadian National Exhibition)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  13. ^ Marden, Duane. "Love Bugs  (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  14. ^ Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip  (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  15. ^ Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  16. ^ Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip  (Fun Forest Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  17. ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  18. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tokaido  (Ankara Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  19. ^ Marden, Duane. "Thunder Run  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  20. ^ Marden, Duane. "Flying Fish  (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  21. ^ Marden, Duane. "Flying Fish  (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  22. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpenexpress Enzian  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  23. ^ Marden, Duane. "Schweizer Bobbahn  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  24. ^ Marden, Duane. "Grottenblitz  (Heide Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  25. ^ Marden, Duane. "Odinexpressen  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  26. ^ Marden, Duane. "Little Eagle  (Broadway Grand Prix)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  27. ^ Marden, Duane. "Little Eagle  (Myrtle Beach Pavilion)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  28. ^ Marden, Duane. "Scorpion Express  (Chessington World of Adventures)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  29. ^ Marden, Duane. "Gruvbanan  (Skara Sommarland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  30. ^ Marden, Duane. "Avalanche  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  31. ^ Marden, Duane. "Electro  (Méga Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  32. ^ Marden, Duane. "Avalanche  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  33. ^ Marden, Duane. "Eurosat - CanCan Coaster  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  34. ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Freizeit-Land Geiselwind)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  35. ^ Marden, Duane. "Idän Pikajuna  (Tykkimäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  36. ^ Marden, Duane. "Pikajuna  (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  37. ^ Marden, Duane. "Munich Autobahn  (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  38. ^ Marden, Duane. "Rexplorer  (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  39. ^ Marden, Duane. "Runaway Mine Train  (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  40. ^ Marden, Duane. "Gold Mine Train  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  41. ^ Marden, Duane. "Spreeblitz  (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  42. ^ Marden, Duane. "Le Dragon des Sortilèges  (Mirapolis)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  43. ^ Marden, Duane. "Kansas City-Express  (Fränkisches Wunderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  44. ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  45. ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Tivoli Karolinelund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  46. ^ Marden, Duane. "Bobbahn  (Heide Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  47. ^ Marden, Duane. "Gran Montserrat  (Parque Espana-Shima Spain Village)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  48. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  49. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  50. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Magic Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  51. ^ Marden, Duane. "Runaway Train  (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  52. ^ Marden, Duane. "Euro-Mir  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  53. ^ Marden, Duane. "Dragen  (Legoland Billund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  54. ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian  (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  55. ^ Marden, Duane. "Gletscherblitz  (Steinwasen Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  56. ^ Marden, Duane. "Journey To Atlantis  (SeaWorld Orlando)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  57. ^ a b Marden, Duane. "Speedy Bob  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  58. ^ Marden, Duane. "Speedy Bob  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  59. ^ Marden, Duane. "Taunusblitz  (Taunus Wunderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  60. ^ Marden, Duane. "Matterhorn Blitz  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  61. ^ Marden, Duane. "Fly  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  62. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  63. ^ Marden, Duane. "Ghost Chasers  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  64. ^ Marden, Duane. "Spatiale Expérience  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  65. ^ Marden, Duane. "Poseidon  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  66. ^ Marden, Duane. "Bob Express  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  67. ^ Marden, Duane. "Goofy's Sky School  (Disney California Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  68. ^ Marden, Duane. "Trace Du Hourra  (Parc Astérix)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  69. ^ Marden, Duane. "Technic Coaster  (Legoland California)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  70. ^ Marden, Duane. "Das Große LEGO Rennen  (Legoland Deutschland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  71. ^ Marden, Duane. "Ricochet  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  72. ^ Marden, Duane. "Apple Zapple  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  73. ^ Marden, Duane. "X-treme Racers  (Legoland Billund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  74. ^ Marden, Duane. "Scooby-Doo Spooky Coaster  (Warner Bros. Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  75. ^ Marden, Duane. "SuperSplash  (TusenFryd)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  76. ^ Marden, Duane. "Sand Serpent  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  77. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Maus  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  78. ^ Marden, Duane. "Draak  (Plopsaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  79. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tulireki  (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  80. ^ Marden, Duane. "Journey To Atlantis  (SeaWorld San Diego)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  81. ^ Marden, Duane. "Atlantica SuperSplash  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  82. ^ Marden, Duane. "Dynamite Express  (Drievliet)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  83. ^ Marden, Duane. "Reaper, Drop ride to doom!  (Amsterdam Dungeon)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  84. ^ Marden, Duane. "Montanha Russa  (Aquashow Family Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  85. ^ Marden, Duane. "Pegasus  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  86. ^ Marden, Duane. "Expreso Minero  (Parque Plaza Sesamo)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  87. ^ Marden, Duane. "Schlitt'Express  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  88. ^ Marden, Duane. "Journey to Atlantis  (SeaWorld San Antonio)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  89. ^ Marden, Duane. "Sierra Sidewinder  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  90. ^ Marden, Duane. "Armada Invencible  (Formosan Aboriginal Culture)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  91. ^ Marden, Duane. "Götterblitz  (Familypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  92. ^ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  93. ^ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  94. ^ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags México)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  95. ^ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight  (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  96. ^ Marden, Duane. "Eurospeed  (Europark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  97. ^ Marden, Duane. "Rothaarblitz  (Panorama Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  98. ^ Marden, Duane. "Blue Fire  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  99. ^ Marden, Duane. "Vértigo  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  100. ^ Marden, Duane. "Correcaminos Bip, Bip  (Parque Warner Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  101. ^ Marden, Duane. "Young Star Coaster  (Chimelong Paradise)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  102. ^ Marden, Duane. "Space Fantasy The Ride  (Universal Studios Japan)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  103. ^ Marden, Duane. "Twist  (Le Pal)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  104. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus  (Freizeit-Land Geiselwind)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  105. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus  (Sommerland Syd)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  106. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus  (Toverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  107. ^ Marden, Duane. "Zig Zag  (Walygator Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  108. ^ Marden, Duane. "Skatteøen  (Djurs Sommerland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  109. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tiger Express  (Mer de Sable)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  110. ^ Marden, Duane. "Flying Dutchman Gold Mine  (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  111. ^ Marden, Duane. "Great Lego Race  (Legoland Florida)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  112. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jungle Coaster  (Legoland Windsor)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  113. ^ Marden, Duane. "Vilde Mus  (Bakken)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  114. ^ Marden, Duane. "Manta  (SeaWorld San Diego)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  115. ^ Marden, Duane. "Arctic Blast  (Ocean Park Hong Kong)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  116. ^ Marden, Duane. "Great Lego Race  (Legoland Malaysia)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  117. ^ Marden, Duane. "Dwervelwind  (Toverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  118. ^ Marden, Duane. "Storm  (Etnaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  119. ^ Marden, Duane. "Coast Rider  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  120. ^ Marden, Duane. "Storm Coaster  (Sea World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  121. ^ Marden, Duane. "Dragon  (Sochi Park Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  122. ^ Marden, Duane. "Sharolet  (Sochi Park Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  123. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Antibes Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  124. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Walygator Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  125. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse  (Expoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  126. ^ Marden, Duane. "Walrus Splash  (Chimelong Ocean Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  127. ^ Marden, Duane. "Polar Explorer  (Chimelong Ocean Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  128. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpina Blitz  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  129. ^ Marden, Duane. "Helix  (Lsieberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  130. ^ Marden, Duane. "Battle of Blue Fire  (Quancheng Euro Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  131. ^ Marden, Duane. "ARTHUR  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  132. ^ Marden, Duane. "Velikoluksky Miasokombinat  (Wonder Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  133. ^ Marden, Duane. "Turbulence  (Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  134. ^ Marden, Duane. "Miniwah  (Freizeitpark Plohn)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  135. ^ Marden, Duane. "Flash  (Lewa Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  136. ^ Marden, Duane. "Lost Gravity  (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  137. ^ Marden, Duane. "Flight of the Hippogriff  (Universal Studios Hollywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  138. ^ Marden, Duane. "Dragon Express  (Oriental Neverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  139. ^ Marden, Duane. "Pulsar  (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  140. ^ Marden, Duane. "Cobra's Curse  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  141. ^ Marden, Duane. "Spider-Man Doc Ock's Revenge  (IMG Worlds of Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  142. ^ Marden, Duane. "Velociraptor  (IMG Worlds of Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  143. ^ Marden, Duane. "Capitol Bullet Train  (Motiongate)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  144. ^ Marden, Duane. "Dragon Gliders  (Motiongate)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  145. ^ Marden, Duane. "Star Trek: Operation Enterprise  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  146. ^ Marden, Duane. "DC Rivals HyperCoaster  (Warner Bros. Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  147. ^ Marden, Duane. "Dancing Oscar  (Shinhwa Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  148. ^ Marden, Duane. "Slinky Dog  (Disney's Hollywood Studios)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  149. ^ Marden, Duane. "Icon  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  150. ^ Marden, Duane. "Time Traveler  (Silver Dollar City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  151. ^ Marden, Duane. "Hyper Coaster  (Land of Legends Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  152. ^ Marden, Duane. "Launch Coaster  (Colourful Yunnan Happy World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  153. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tiger Leaping Gorge  (Colourful Yunnan Happy World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  154. ^ Marden, Duane. "Kraken's Revenge  (Desaru Coast Adventure Waterpark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  155. ^ Marden, Duane. "Power Splash  (Happy Valley Shenzhen)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  156. ^ Marden, Duane. "Dynamite  (Freizeitpark Plohn)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  157. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  158. ^ Marden, Duane. "Steam Racers  (Wuxi Sunac Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  159. ^ Marden, Duane. "Gods of Egypt - Battle for Eternity  (Lionsgate Entertainment World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  160. ^ Marden, Duane. "Mælkevejen  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  161. ^ Marden, Duane. "Max & Moritz  (Efteling)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  162. ^ Marden, Duane. "Storm Chaser  (Paultons Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  163. ^ Marden, Duane. "Twin Spin  (Enchanted Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  164. ^ Marden, Duane. "Krampus Expédition  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  165. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Plopsaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  166. ^ Marden, Duane. "Blu Power  (Tetysblu Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  167. ^ Marden, Duane. "Rockin' Blu  (Tetysblu Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  168. ^ Marden, Duane. "Flight of the Hippogriff  (Universal Studios Beijing)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  169. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jurassic Flyers  (Universal Studios Beijing)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  170. ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Taipan  (Dreamworld)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  171. ^ Marden, Duane. "Blue Fire  (Xuzhou Paradise)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  172. ^ Marden, Duane. "Giant Digger  (Lotte World Adventure Busan - Magic Forest)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  173. ^ Marden, Duane. "Giant Splash  (Lotte World Adventure Busan - Magic Forest)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  174. ^ Marden, Duane. "T-Rex Family Coaster  (Djurs Sommerland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  175. ^ Marden, Duane. "Carrara  (Mandoria)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  176. ^ Marden, Duane. "Beyond the Cloud  (Suzhou Amusement Land Forest World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  177. ^ Marden, Duane. "Aquaman Power Wave  (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  178. ^ Marden, Duane. "Fjord Explorer  (Le Pal)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  179. ^ Marden, Duane. "Voltron  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  180. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpenexpress Enzian  (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  181. ^ Marden, Duane. "Hyperia  (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  182. ^ Marden, Duane. "Gobbi Express  (Taunus Wunderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  183. ^ Marden, Duane. "Galaxie Express  (Space Center)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  184. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wiener Looping  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  185. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Happy Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  186. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Sun World Bà Nà Hills)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  187. ^ Marden, Duane. "Stardust Racers  (Universal Studios Epic Universe)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  188. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Fantasiana)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  189. ^ Marden, Duane. " (Holiday Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  190. ^ Marden, Duane. " (Freizeitpark Plohn)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  191. ^ Marden, Duane. "Saw Mill Falls  (Six Flags Qiddiya)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  192. ^ Marden, Duane. "unknown  (Bollywood Parks Dubai)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  193. ^ Marden, Duane. "unknown  (Bollywood Parks Dubai)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  194. ^ Marden, Duane. "unknown  (Sunac Cultural Tourism City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  195. ^ Marden, Duane. "unknown  (Sunac Cultural Tourism City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  196. ^ "Battle Sails (Sea World)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  197. ^ "Let Battle commence!". Park World Online. 23 September 2008. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  198. ^ "Dragon Falls (Chessington World Of Adventures)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  199. ^ "Dudley Do-Right's Ripsaw Falls (Islands of Adventure)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  200. ^ "Storm Force Accelatron (Islands of Adventure)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  201. ^ Seifert, Jeffrey (2013). "2013 North American Park Preview" (PDF). Amusement Today. 17 (2): 6–7. Retrieved 14 August 2013.[permanent dead link]
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