The Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) or bigmouth mackerel is a species of mackerel in the family Scombridae. It is commonly found in the Indian and West Pacific oceans, and their surrounding seas. It is an important food fish and is commonly used in South and South-East Asian cuisine.
| Indian mackerel | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scombriformes |
| Suborder: | Scombroidei |
| Family: | Scombridae |
| Subfamily: | Scombrinae |
| Tribe: | Scombrini |
| Genus: | Rastrelliger |
| Species: | R. kanagurta
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| Binomial name | |
| Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)
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It is known by various names, such as Pelaling in Malaysia, Kembung lelaki in Indonesia, Bangdo (बांगडो) in Konkani language, Bangdi (બાંગડી) in Gujarati, Bangda (बांगडा) in Marathi, Kajol Gouri (কাজল গৌরী) in Bengali, Ayla (അയല, ഐല) in Malayalam, Kankarta (କାନକରତା) in Odia, Kaanankeluthi (காணாங்கெலுத்தி) in Tamil, Kumbalawaa (කුම්බලාව) in Sinhala and Bangude (ಬಂಗುಡೆ) in Tulu, and Kannada. It is called alumahan in the Philippines.
Distribution and habitat
editThe Indian mackerel is found in warm shallow waters along the coasts of the Indian and Western Pacific oceans. Its range extends from the Red Sea and East Africa in the west to Indonesia in the east, and from China and the Ryukyu Islands in the north to Australia, Melanesia and Samoa in the south.[3] It has been reported on two occasions (1967, 2010) in the Mediterranean Sea off Gaza, a likely entry via the Suez Canal.[4]
Description
editThe body of the Indian mackerel is moderately deep, and the head is longer than the body depth. The maxilla are partly concealed, covered by the lacrimal bone, but extend till around the hind margin of the eye.[5]
These fish have thin dark longitudinal bands on the upper part of the body, which may be golden on fresh specimens. There is also a black spot on the body near the lower margin of the pectoral fin. Dorsal fins are yellowish with black tips, while the caudal and pectoral fins are yellowish. The remaining fins are dusky.[5]
Indian mackerel reach a maximum fork length of 35 centimetres (14 in), but are generally around 25 centimetres (9.8 in) in length.[3]
Habitat and diet
editThe Indian mackerel is generally found in shallow, coastal waters, where the surface water temperature is at least 17 °C (63 °F).[5] Adults of this species are found in coastal bays, harbours and deep lagoons. They are commonly found in turbid waters rich in plankton.[3]
Adult Indian mackerel feed on macroplankton including the larvae of shrimp and fish.[5]
Life history
editThe spawning season around India, which is in the northern hemisphere, is between March and September. Around Seychelles in the southern hemisphere, it is between September and the following March.[6]
Spawning occurs in batches. The eggs are laid in the water and are externally fertilized. The Indian mackerel do not guard their eggs, which are left to develop on their own.[7]
Juveniles feed on phytoplankton like diatoms and small zooplankton including cladocerans and ostracods. As they mature, their intestines shorten, and their diet changes to primarily include macroplankton such as the larvae of shrimp and fish.[5]
References
edit- ^ Collette, B.; Di Natale, A.; Fox, W.; Juan Jorda, M. & Nelson, R. (2011). "Rastrelliger kanagurta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T170328A6750032. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170328A6750032.en. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "Fisheries and Aquaculture - Global Production". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved 2024-05-06.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Rastrelliger Kanagurta". FishBase. September 2009 version.
- ^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Rastrelliger_kanagurta). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Rastrelliger_kanagurta.pdf Archived 2022-11-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e "FAO fact sheet". Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
- ^ "Spawning information on FishBase". Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ "Reproduction information on FishBase". Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
External links
edit
- Photos of Indian mackerel on Sealife Collection