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Hermann Josef Abs (15 October 1901, Bonn – 5 February 1994, Bad Soden)[1] was a leading Nazi banker and advisor to Chancellor Adenauer. He was a member of the board of directors of Deutsche Bank from 1938 to 1945, as well as of 44 other companies,[2] including IG Farben. As the most powerful commercial banker of the Third Reich, he was, according to economic journalist Adam LeBor, "the lynchpin of the continent wide plunder".[3] The Allies arrested him in January 1946; however, British intervention got him freed after three months, and German courts later dropped all charges.
He was chairman of Deutsche Bank, and contributed to the reconstruction of the German economy. He chaired the German credit facility that distributed the counterpart funds created by the Marshall plan. Working closely with Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, he was a leader in rebuilding heavy industry, and helped draft the investment policy for basic industries in 1952. He played a major diplomatic role in resolving the prewar German debts at the London War Debt Agreement of 1953. In 1953 he negotiated the restitution to Israel and individual Jews for the Holocaust.[4]
Controversies about Joest WWII role
editIn 1974, the artist Hans Haacke revealed the supposed role of Abs with the Nazi regime in a project for the exhibition Manet-PROJEKT '74' which detailed, in ten panels, the ownership history of Édouard Manet's Bunch of Asparagus (1880).[5][6] The Wallraf-Richartz Museum rejected the Haacke display.[7]
In 1995, studies of the Deusche Bank archives by Harold James show that, while the DB helped the Nazi in different variating degrees, direct and indirectly, there has various links between Abs and anti-Nazi resistance during the war, while Abs decided not direct participate in resistance organized acts, he went to various secret meetings and such links were described as something that made James "astounded".[8]
After the war, he participated in the restitution to Israel and individual Jews for the Holocaust.
References
edit- ^ "Abs, Hermann J.". Who Was Who in America, 1993-1996, vol. 11. New Providence, N.J.: Marquis Who's Who. 1996. p. 1. ISBN 0837902258.
- ^ Wistrich, Robert (27 April 2016). Who's Who In Nazi Germany (third ed.). Routledge. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-1138171558.
- ^ LeBor, Adam (28 May 2013). Tower of Basel: The Shadowy History of the Secret Bank that Runs the World. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1610392549.
- ^ Buse and Doerr, pp 5-6
- ^ "Hans Haacke Institutional Critique". ewaneumann.com. Retrieved 2023-01-16.
- ^ "Review: Hans Haacke's New Museum Survey Is Important—and Commonplace – ARTnews.com". 2023-01-16. Archived from the original on 2023-01-16. Retrieved 2023-01-16.
- ^ "Hans Haacke: Memory and Instrumental Reason" (PDF). Art in America.
- ^ Mitchener, Brandon (February 22, 1995). "Deutsche Bank Admits It Helped Hitler : Confronting a Dark Past". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
Other sources
edit- Hermann J. Abs, in Encyclopædia Britannica online
- Obituary: Hermann Abs
- Newspaper clippings about Hermann Josef Abs in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW