General Motors 122 engine

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The 122 engine was designed by Chevrolet and was used in a wide array of General Motors vehicles. The 122 was similar to the first two generations of the General Motors 60° V6 engine; sharing cylinder bore diameters and some parts.[citation needed] The 122 was available in the U.S. beginning in 1982 for the GM J platform compact cars and S-series trucks.

General Motors 122 engine
Overview
ManufacturerGeneral Motors
Production1982–2003
Layout
ConfigurationNaturally aspirated inline-four engine
Displacement
  • 1.8 L; 112.3 cu in (1,841 cc)
  • 2.0 L; 121.5 cu in (1,991 cc)
  • 2.2 L; 133.6 cu in (2,189 cc)
Cylinder bore89 mm (3.5 in)
Piston stroke
  • 74 mm (2.91 in)
  • 80 mm (3.15 in)
  • 88 mm (3.46 in)
Cylinder block materialCast iron
Cylinder head material
  • Cast iron (1982–1986)
  • Aluminum (1987–2003)
ValvetrainOHV 2 valves × cyl.
Compression ratio9.0:1
Combustion
Fuel systemRochester carburetor
Throttle-body fuel injection
Multi-point fuel injection
Sequential multi-port FI
Fuel typeGasoline, E85, LPG
Oil systemWet sump
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Output
Power output83–120 hp (62–89 kW)
Torque output108–140 lb⋅ft (146–190 N⋅m)
Chronology
PredecessorGM Iron Duke engine
Successor

For the J-cars, it evolved through 2002 when it was replaced by GM's Ecotec line of DOHC 4-cylinder engines. In the S-10 related models, it evolved through 2003 and was known as the Vortec 2200. Production ceased consistent with the replacement of the S-series trucks with the GMT 355 sub-platform.

Generation I

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The 1.8-liter pushrod engine was the first engine to power the J-body cars. Introduced with the models in 1982, the 1.8 used a two-barrel Rochester carburetor and produced 88 hp (66 kW) and 100 lb⋅ft (140 N⋅m) of torque. Since peak output came on at higher RPM, acceleration in these cars was quite sluggish, with a test 1982 Pontiac J2000 accelerating from 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 16.3 seconds, with a 14 mile (402 m) time of 20.6 seconds.

Applications:

A stroked version of the 1.8-liter engine, displacing 2.0 liters, was introduced midway through 1982, to provide more low-end power for the J-cars. This engine replaced the 1.8-liter engine altogether and had throttle-body fuel injection. It produced 86 hp (64 kW), and 110 lb⋅ft (150 N⋅m).

Applications:

This engine was similar to the LQ5, except that it used a two-barrel carburetor instead of a throttle-body fuel injection system. This engine was used in the Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15 compact pickup trucks and their Blazer and Jimmy counterparts until 1985, when it was replaced by the 2.5-liter Tech IV engine. This engine produced 83 hp (62 kW) at 4600 rpm and 108 lb⋅ft (146 N⋅m) at 2400 rpm.

Applications:

Generation II

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This engine replaced the LQ5 and was used from 1987 until 1989. It featured throttle-body fuel injection and produced 90 hp (67 kW) and 108 lb⋅ft (146 N⋅m) of torque.

Applications:

 
2.2-liter OHV I4 engine
 
2200 OHV I4 engine

For the 1990 model year, GM replaced the 2.0-liter engine with a stroked version displacing 2.2 liters and using throttle-body fuel injection (TBI). Commonly called the 2.2, it produced 95 hp (71 kW) and 120 lb⋅ft (163 N⋅m) of torque.

Applications:

For 1992, the 2.2 received multi-port fuel injection (MPFI), replacing the TBI version in the J-body cars and increasing power to 110 hp (82 kW) and 130 lb⋅ft (176 N⋅m) of torque. In the L-body cars, it was converted straight to Sequential Fuel Injection. In 1994, all 2.2-liter engines were updated to sequential multi-port fuel injection and power increased to 120 hp (89 kW), with torque increasing to 140 lb⋅ft (190 N⋅m). The MPFI and SFI versions produced enough power to allow the 2.2 to replace the old Pontiac Iron Duke engine as the 4-cylinder offering in the S/T trucks and A-body cars. For 1996, it became known as the Vortec 2200 in the S/T trucks.

For 1998, the engine was revised for emissions regulations and became known as the 2200. This revision lowered power to 115 hp (86 kW) at 5000 rpm, and torque to 135 lb⋅ft (183 N⋅m) at 3600 rpm. The engine was discontinued in 2003, replaced by the 2.2-liter DOHC Ecotec engine. Although it displaces 134 cu. in, the 2.2-liter OHV is still commonly referred to as the GM 122 today, and has been reputed for its simplicity, reliability, and ease of maintenance in the J-body cars and S-series trucks, and a few L-body cars. The 2003 model LN2 is equipped with secondary air injection.[1]

Applications:

The Vortec 2200 (RPO code L43) is an OHV straight-4 truck engine. This engine is equipped with secondary air injection, and is flex-fuel capable. It is entirely different from the Iron Duke, and was the last North American iteration of the GM 122 engine. The 2200 uses an iron block and aluminum two-valve cylinder head. Output is 120 hp (89 kW) at 5000 rpm and 140 lb⋅ft (190 N⋅m) at 3600 rpm. Displacement is 2.2 L; 133.6 cu in (2,189 cc) with an 89 mm × 88 mm (3.50 in × 3.46 in) bore and stroke. 2200s were built at GM's Tonawanda engine plant in Buffalo. This engine was replaced by the LN2 in September 2002.[2]

Applications:

References

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  1. ^ "2003 Truck Engines". General Motors. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  2. ^ "Vortec 2200 2.2L L4 (LN2) Truck Engine, 2003 model year" (doc). General Motors. Retrieved 16 April 2014.