survey

WiFi Sensing with Channel State Information: A Survey

Authors:

Shuangquan WangAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), Volume 52, Issue 3

Article No.: 46, Pages 1 - 36

https://doi.org/10.1145/3310194

Published: 18 June 2019 Publication History

Abstract

With the high demand for wireless data traffic, WiFi networks have experienced very rapid growth, because they provide high throughput and are easy to deploy. Recently, Channel State Information (CSI) measured by WiFi networks is widely used for different sensing purposes. To get a better understanding of existing WiFi sensing technologies and future WiFi sensing trends, this survey gives a comprehensive review of the signal processing techniques, algorithms, applications, and performance results of WiFi sensing with CSI. Different WiFi sensing algorithms and signal processing techniques have their own advantages and limitations and are suitable for different WiFi sensing applications. The survey groups CSI-based WiFi sensing applications into three categories, detection, recognition, and estimation, depending on whether the outputs are binary/multi-class classifications or numerical values. With the development and deployment of new WiFi technologies, there will be more WiFi sensing opportunities wherein the targets may go beyond from humans to environments, animals, and objects. The survey highlights three challenges for WiFi sensing: robustness and generalization, privacy and security, and coexistence of WiFi sensing and networking. Finally, the survey presents three future WiFi sensing trends, i.e., integrating cross-layer network information, multi-device cooperation, and fusion of different sensors, for enhancing existing WiFi sensing capabilities and enabling new WiFi sensing opportunities.

References

[1]

Heba Abdelnasser, Khaled A. Harras, and Moustafa Youssef. 2015. UbiBreathe: A Ubiquitous non-invasive WiFi-based breathing estimator. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc’15). 277--286.

Digital Library

[2]

Heba Abdelnasser, Moustafa Youssef, and Khaled A. Harras. 2015. WiGest: A Ubiquitous WiFi-based gesture recognition system. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’15). 1472--1480.

[3]

Fadel Adib and Dina Katabi. 2013. See through walls with WiFi! In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM’13). 75--86.

Digital Library

[4]

Kamran Ali, Alex X. Liu, Wei Wang, and Muhammad Shahzad. 2015. Keystroke recognition using WiFi signals. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’15). ACM, 90--102.

Digital Library

[5]

Kamran Ali, Alex X. Liu, Wei Wang, and Muhammad Shahzad. 2017. Recognizing keystrokes using WiFi devices. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 35, 5 (May 2017), 1175--1190.

Digital Library

[6]

Sheheryar Arshad, Chunhai Feng, Yonghe Liu, Yupeng Hu, Ruiyun Yu, Siwang Zhou, and Heng Li. 2017. Wi-chase: A WiFi based human activity recognition system for sensorless environments. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 18th International Symposium on A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM’17). 1--6.

[7]

Ibrahim Ethem Bagci, Utz Roedig, Ivan Martinovic, Matthias Schulz, and Matthias Hollick. 2015. Using channel state information for tamper detection in the internet of things. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC’15). ACM, 131--140.

Digital Library

[8]

Arijit Banerjee, Dustin Maas, Maurizio Bocca, Neal Patwari, and Sneha Kasera. 2014. Violating privacy through walls by passive monitoring of radio windows. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless 8 Mobile Networks (WiSec’14). 69--80.

Digital Library

[9]

Marco V. Barbera, Alessandro Epasto, Alessandro Mei, Vasile C. Perta, and Julinda Stefa. 2013. Signals from the crowd: Uncovering social relationships through smartphone probes. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Internet Measurement Conference (IMC’13). ACM, 265--276.

Digital Library

[10]

Yuanying Chen, Wei Dong, Yi Gao, Xue Liu, and Tao Gu. 2017. Rapid: A multimodal and device-free approach using noise estimation for robust person identification. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wear.Ubiq. Technol. 1, 3, Article 41 (Sept. 2017), 27 pages.

Digital Library

[11]

Linsong Cheng and Jiliang Wang. 2016. How can I guard my AP?: Non-intrusive user identification for mobile devices using WiFi signals. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc’16). 91--100.

Digital Library

[12]

Francois Chollet. 2017. Deep Learning with Python (1st ed.). Manning Publications Co., Greenwich, CT.

Digital Library

[13]

Yohan Chon, Suyeon Kim, Seungwoo Lee, Dongwon Kim, Yungeun Kim, and Hojung Cha. 2014. Sensing WiFi packets in the air: Practicality and implications in urban mobility monitoring. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp’14). 189--200.

Digital Library

[14]

Mauro De Sanctis, Ernestina Cianca, Simone Di Domenico, Daniele Provenziani, Giuseppe Bianchi, and Marina Ruggieri. 2015. WIBECAM: Device free human activity recognition through WiFi beacon-enabled camera. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Workshop on Physical Analytics (WPA’15). ACM, 7--12.

Digital Library

[15]

Simone Di Domenico, Mauro De Sanctis, Ernestina Cianca, and Giuseppe Bianchi. 2016. A trained-once crowd counting method using differential WiFi channel state information. In Proceedings of the 3rd International on Workshop on Physical Analytics (WPA’16). ACM, 37--42.

Digital Library

[16]

Shihong Duan, Tianqing Yu, and Jie He. 2018. WiDriver: Driver activity recognition system based on WiFi CSI. Int. J. Wireless Inf. Netw. 25, 2 (Feb. 2018), 146--156.

[17]

Ettus Research. 2018. USRP Software Defined Radio Device. Retrieved on May 21, 2018 from https://www.ettus.com.

[18]

Biyi Fang, Nicholas D. Lane, Mi Zhang, Aidan Boran, and Fahim Kawsar. 2016. BodyScan: Enabling radio-based sensing on wearable devices for contactless activity and vital sign monitoring. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys’16). ACM, 97--110.

Digital Library

[19]

Biyi Fang, Nicholas D. Lane, Mi Zhang, and Fahim Kawsar. 2016. HeadScan: A wearable system for radio-based sensing of head and mouth-related activities. In Proceedings of the 2016 15th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN’16). 1--12.

[20]

Chunhai Feng, Sheheryar Arshad, and Yonghe Liu. 2017. MAIS: Multiple activity identification system using channel state information of WiFi signals. In Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 419--432.

[21]

Chuhan Gao, Yilong Li, and Xinyu Zhang. 2018. LiveTag: Sensing human-object interaction through passive chipless WiFi tags. In Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI’18). 533--546. https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi18/presentation/gao.

[22]

Qinhua Gao, Jie Wang, Xiaorui Ma, Xueyan Feng, and Hongyu Wang. 2017. CSI-based device-free wireless localization and activity recognition using radio image features. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 66, 11 (Nov. 2017), 10346--10356.

[23]

Liangyi Gong, Wu Yang, Dapeng Man, Guozhong Dong, Miao Yu, and Jiguang Lv. 2015. WiFi-based real-time calibration-free passive human motion detection. Sensors 15, 12 (2015), 32213--32229.

[24]

Liangyi Gong, Wu Yang, Zimu Zhou, Dapeng Man, Haibin Cai, Xiancun Zhou, and Zheng Yang. 2016. An adaptive wireless passive human detection via fine-grained physical layer information. Ad Hoc Netw. 38 (2016), 38--50.

Digital Library

[25]

Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville. 2016. Deep Learning. MIT Press.

Digital Library

[26]

Ian Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio. 2014. Generative adversarial networks. (June 2014). arxiv:1406.2661.

[27]

Yu Gu, Jinhai Zhan, Yusheng Ji, Jie Li, Fuji Ren, and Shangbing Gao. 2017. MoSense: An RF-based motion detection system via off-the-shelf WiFi devices. IEEE IoT J. 4, 6 (Dec. 2017), 2326--2341.

[28]

Linlin Guo, Lei Wang, Jialin Liu, Wei Zhou, and Bingxian Lu. 2018. HuAc: Human activity recognition using crowdsourced WiFi signals and skeleton data. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018, Article 6163475 (2018), 15 pages.

[29]

Xiaonan Guo, Bo Liu, Cong Shi, Hongbo Liu, Yingying Chen, and Mooi Choo Chuah. 2017. WiFi-enabled smart human dynamics monitoring. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys’17). Article 16, 13 pages.

Digital Library

[30]

Daniel Halperin. 2013. Simplifying the Configuration of 802.11 Wireless Networks with Effective SNR. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Washington, Seattle, WA. arxiv:1301.6644.

Digital Library

[31]

Daniel Halperin, Wenjun Hu, Anmol Sheth, and David Wetherall. 2011. Tool release: Gathering 802.11n traces with channel state information. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 41, 1 (Jan. 2011), 53--53.

Digital Library

[32]

Chunmei Han, Kaishun Wu, Yuxi Wang, and Lionel M. Ni. 2014. WiFall: Device-free fall detection by wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’14). 271--279.

[33]

Wenfeng He, Kaishun Wu, Yongpan Zou, and Zhong Ming. 2015. WiG: WiFi-based gesture recognition system. In Proceedings of the 2015 24th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN’15). 1--7.

[34]

Feng Hong, Xiang Wang, Yanni Yang, Yuan Zong, Yuliang Zhang, and Zhongwen Guo. 2016. WFID: Passive device-free human identification using WiFi signal. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services (MOBIQUITOUS’16). ACM, 47--56.

Digital Library

[35]

Donny Huang, Rajalakshmi Nandakumar, and Shyamnath Gollakota. 2014. Feasibility and limits of Wi-Fi imaging. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys’14). 266--279.

Digital Library

[36]

Nathaniel Husted and Steven Myers. 2010. Mobile location tracking in metro areas: Malnets and others. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS’10). 85--96.

Digital Library

[37]

Shuja Jamil, Sohaib Khan, Anas Basalamah, and Ahmed Lbath. 2016. Classifying smartphone screen ON/OFF state based on WiFi probe patterns. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (UbiComp/ISWC’16 Adjunct). 301--304.

Digital Library

[38]

Kasthuri Jayarajah, Zaman Lantra, and Archan Misra. 2016. Fusing WiFi and video sensing for accurate group detection in indoor spaces. In Proceedings of the 3rd International on Workshop on Physical Analytics (WPA’16). ACM, 49--54.

Digital Library

[39]

Wenjun Jiang, Chenglin Miao, Fenglong Ma, Shuochao Yao, Yaqing Wang, Ye Yuan, Hongfei Xue, Chen Song, Xin Ma, Dimitrios Koutsonikolas, Wenyao Xu, and Lu Su. 2018. Towards environment independent device free human activity recognition. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’18). ACM, 289--304.

Digital Library

[40]

Zhiping Jiang, Jizhong Zhao, Xiang-Yang Li, Jinsong Han, and Wei Xi. 2013. Rejecting the attack: Source authentication for Wi-Fi management frames using CSI information. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’13). 2544--2552.

[41]

Kiran Joshi, Dinesh Bharadia, Manikanta Kotaru, and Sachin Katti. 2015. WiDeo: Fine-grained device-free motion tracing using RF backscatter. In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI’15). 189--204.

[42]

Chitra R. Karanam and Yasamin Mostofi. 2017. 3D through-wall imaging with unmanned aerial vehicles using WiFi. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN’17). 131--142.

[43]

Minkyong Kim and David Kotz. 2005. Modeling users’ mobility among WiFi access points. In Proceedings of the 2005 Workshop on Wireless Traffic Measurements and Modeling (WiTMeMo’05). USENIX Association, 19--24.

Digital Library

[44]

Sang-Chul Kim. 2017. Device-free activity recognition using CSI big data analysis: A survey. In Proceedings of the 2017 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN’17). 539--541.

[45]

Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard and Petteri Nurmi. 2012. Challenges for social sensing using WiFi signals. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Mobile Systems for Computational Social Science (MCSS’12). 17--21.

Digital Library

[46]

Manikanta Kotaru, Kiran Joshi, Dinesh Bharadia, and Sachin Katti. 2015. SpotFi: Decimeter level localization using WiFi. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM’15). 269--282.

Digital Library

[47]

Swarun Kumar, Diego Cifuentes, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Dina Katabi. 2013. Bringing cross-layer MIMO to today’s wireless LANs. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM’13). 387--398.

Digital Library

[48]

Fan Li, Xiuxiu Wang, Huijie Chen, Kashif Sharif, and Yu Wang. 2017. ClickLeak: Keystroke leaks through multimodal sensors in cyber-physical social networks. IEEE Access 5 (2017), 27311--27321.

[49]

Hong Li, Wei Yang, Jianxin Wang, Yang Xu, and Liusheng Huang. 2016. WiFinger: Talk to your smart devices with finger-grained gesture. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp’16). 250--261.

Digital Library

[50]

Mengyuan Li, Yan Meng, Junyi Liu, Haojin Zhu, Xiaohui Liang, Yao Liu, and Na Ruan. 2016. When CSI meets public WiFi: Inferring your mobile phone password via WiFi signals. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS’16). 1068--1079.

Digital Library

[51]

Shengjie Li, Xiang Li, Kai Niu, Hao Wang, Yue Zhang, and Daqing Zhang. 2017. AR-alarm: An adaptive and robust intrusion detection system leveraging CSI from commodity Wi-Fi. In Enhanced Quality of Life and Smart Living. Springer International Publishing, 211--223.

[52]

Xiang Li, Daqing Zhang, Qin Lv, Jie Xiong, Shengjie Li, Yue Zhang, and Hong Mei. 2017. IndoTrack: Device-free indoor human tracking with commodity Wi-Fi. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wear. Ubiq. Technol. 1, 3, Article 72 (Sept. 2017), 22 pages.

Digital Library

[53]

Hongbo Liu, Yan Wang, Jian Liu, Jie Yang, and Yingying Chen. 2014. Practical user authentication leveraging channel state information (CSI). In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security (ASIA CCS’14). 389--400.

Digital Library

[54]

Hongbo Liu, Yan Wang, Jian Liu, Jie Yang, Yingying Chen, and H. Vincent Poor. 2018. Authenticating users through fine-grained channel information. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. 17, 2 (Feb. 2018), 251--264.

Digital Library

[55]

Jialin Liu, Lei Wang, Linlin Guo, Jian Fang, Bingxian Lu, and Wei Zhou. 2017. A research on CSI-based human motion detection in complex scenarios. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom’17). 1--6.

[56]

Jian Liu, Yan Wang, Yingying Chen, Jie Yang, Xu Chen, and Jerry Cheng. 2015. Tracking vital signs during sleep leveraging off-the-shelf WiFi. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc’15). 267--276.

Digital Library

[57]

Xuefeng Liu, Jiannong Cao, Shaojie Tang, and Jiaqi Wen. 2014. Wi-sleep: Contactless sleep monitoring via WiFi signals. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium. 346--355.

[58]

Xuefeng Liu, Jiannong Cao, Shaojie Tang, Jiaqi Wen, and Peng Guo. 2016. Contactless respiration monitoring via off-the-shelf WiFi devices. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. 15, 10 (Oct. 2016), 2466--2479.

Digital Library

[59]

Jiguang Lv, Dapeng Man, Wu Yang, Xiaojiang Du, and Miao Yu. 2018. Robust WLAN-based indoor intrusion detection using PHY layer information. IEEE Access 6, 99 (2018), 30117--30127.

[60]

Hongjiang Lyu, Linghe Kong, Chengzhang Li, Yunxin Liu, Jiansong Zhang, and Guihai Chen. 2017. BikeLoc: A real-time high-precision bicycle localization system using synthetic aperture radar. In Proceedings of the 1st Asia-Pacific Workshop on Networking (APNet’17). ACM, 57--63.

Digital Library

[61]

Junyi Ma, Yuxiang Wang, Hao Wang, Yasha Wang, and Daqing Zhang. 2016. When can we detect human respiration with commodity WiFi devices? In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (UbiComp/ISWC’16 Adjunct). 325--328.

Digital Library

[62]

Yongsen Ma, Gang Zhou, Shuangquan Wang, Hongyang Zhao, and Woosub Jung. 2018. SignFi: Sign language recognition using WiFi. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wear. Ubiq. Technol. 2, 1, Article 23 (Mar. 2018), 21 pages.

Digital Library

[63]

Saurabh Maheshwari and Anil K. Tiwari. 2015. Walking parameters estimation through channel state information preliminary results. In Proceedings of the 2015 9th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS’15). 1--8.

[64]

Pedro Melgarejo, Xinyu Zhang, Parameswaran Ramanathan, and David Chu. 2014. Leveraging directional antenna capabilities for fine-grained gesture recognition. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp’14). 541--551.

Digital Library

[65]

Hessam Mohammadmoradi, Shengrong Yin, and Omprakash Gnawali. 2017. Room occupancy estimation through WiFi, UWB, and light sensors mounted on doorways. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Smart Digital Environment (ICSDE’17). ACM, 27--34.

Digital Library

[66]

Kazuya Ohara, Takuya Maekawa, and Yasuyuki Matsushita. 2017. Detecting state changes of indoor everyday objects using Wi-Fi channel state information. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 1, 3, Article 88 (Sept. 2017), 28 pages.

Digital Library

[67]

Sameera Palipana, Piyush Agrawal, and Dirk Pesch. 2016. Channel state information based human presence detection using non-linear techniques. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments (BuildSys’16). 177--186.

Digital Library

[68]

Sameera Palipana, David Rojas, Piyush Agrawal, and Dirk Pesch. 2018. FallDeFi: Ubiquitous fall detection using commodity Wi-Fi devices. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wear. Ubiq. Technol. 1, 4, Article 155 (Jan. 2018), 25 pages.

Digital Library

[69]

Anindya S. Paul, Eric A. Wan, Fatema Adenwala, Erich Schafermeyer, Nick Preiser, Jeffrey Kaye, and Peter G. Jacobs. 2014. MobileRF: A robust device-free tracking system based on a hybrid neural network HMM classifier. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp’14). 159--170.

Digital Library

[70]

Hongjian Peng and Weijia Jia. 2017. WiFind: Driver fatigue detection with fine-grained Wi-Fi signal features. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM’17). 1--6.

[71]

Pichaya Prasertsung and Teerayut Horanont. 2017. How does coffee shop get crowded?: Using WiFi footprints to deliver insights into the success of promotion. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (UbiComp/ISWC’17 Adjunct). 421--426.

Digital Library

[72]

Qifan Pu, Sidhant Gupta, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Shwetak Patel. 2013. Whole-home gesture recognition using wireless signals. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’13). 27--38.

Digital Library

[73]

Kun Qian, Chenshu Wu, Zheng Yang, Yunhao Liu, Fugui He, and Tianzhang Xing. 2018. Enabling contactless detection of moving humans with dynamic speeds using CSI. ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst. 17, 2, Article 52 (Jan. 2018), 18 pages.

Digital Library

[74]

Kun Qian, Chenshu Wu, Zheng Yang, Yunhao Liu, and Kyle Jamieson. 2017. Widar: Decimeter-level passive tracking via velocity monitoring with commodity Wi-Fi. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (Mobihoc’17). Article 6, 10 pages.

Digital Library

[75]

Kun Qian, Chenshu Wu, Zheng Yang, Yunhao Liu, and Zimu Zhou. 2014. PADS: Passive detection of moving targets with dynamic speed using PHY layer information. In Proceedings of the 2014 20th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS’14). 1--8.

[76]

Kun Qian, Chenshu Wu, Zheng Yang, Chaofan Yang, and Yunhao Liu. 2016. Decimeter level passive tracking with WiFi. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Hot Topics in Wireless (HotWireless’16). ACM, 44--48.

Digital Library

[77]

Kun Qian, Chenshu Wu, Zimu Zhou, Yue Zheng, Zheng Yang, and Yunhao Liu. 2017. Inferring motion direction using commodity Wi-Fi for interactive exergames. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’17). ACM, 1961--1972.

Digital Library

[78]

Muneeba Raja, Viviane Ghaderi, and Stephan Sigg. 2018. WiBot! In-vehicle behaviour and gesture recognition using wireless network edge. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS’18). 376--387.

[79]

Rice University. 2018. Wireless Open Access Research Platform. Retrieved May 21, 2018 from https://warpproject.org.

[80]

Jiacheng Shang and Jie Wu. 2016. Fine-grained vital signs estimation using commercial Wi-Fi devices. In Proceedings of the 8th Wireless of the Students, by the Students, and for the Students Workshop (S3’16). ACM, 30--32.

Digital Library

[81]

Jiacheng Shang and Jie Wu. 2017. A robust sign language recognition system with multiple Wi-Fi devices. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobility in the Evolving Internet Architecture (MobiArch’17). 19--24.

Digital Library

[82]

Cong Shi, Jian Liu, Hongbo Liu, and Yingying Chen. 2017. Smart user authentication through actuation of daily activities leveraging WiFi-enabled IoT. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (Mobihoc’17). Article 5, 10 pages.

Digital Library

[83]

Elahe Soltanaghaei, Avinash Kalyanaraman, and Kamin Whitehouse. 2017. Peripheral WiFi vision: Exploiting multipath reflections for more sensitive human sensing. In Proceedings of the 4th International on Workshop on Physical Analytics (WPA’17). ACM, 13--18.

Digital Library

[84]

Li Sun, Souvik Sen, Dimitrios Koutsonikolas, and Kyu-Han Kim. 2015. WiDraw: Enabling hands-free drawing in the air on commodity WiFi devices. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’15). 77--89.

Digital Library

[85]

Sheng Tan and Jie Yang. 2016. WiFinger: Leveraging commodity WiFi for fine-grained finger gesture recognition. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc’16). 201--210.

Digital Library

[86]

David Tse and Pramod Viswanath. 2005. Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. Cambridge University Press.

Digital Library

[87]

Deepak Vasisht, Swarun Kumar, and Dina Katabi. 2016. Decimeter-level localization with a single WiFi access point. In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI’16). 165--178.

Digital Library

[88]

Raghav H. Venkatnarayan, Griffin Page, and Muhammad Shahzad. 2018. Multi-user gesture recognition using WiFi. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys’18). 401--413.

Digital Library

[89]

Aditya Virmani and Muhammad Shahzad. 2017. Position and orientation agnostic gesture recognition using WiFi. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys’17). 252--264.

Digital Library

[90]

Guanhua Wang, Yongpan Zou, Zimu Zhou, Kaishun Wu, and Lionel M. Ni. 2014. We can hear you with Wi-Fi!. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’14). 593--604.

[91]

Hao Wang, Daqing Zhang, Junyi Ma, Yasha Wang, Yuxiang Wang, Dan Wu, Tao Gu, and Bing Xie. 2016. Human respiration detection with commodity WiFi devices: Do user location and body orientation matter? In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp’16). 25--36.

Digital Library

[92]

Hao Wang, Daqing Zhang, Yasha Wang, Junyi Ma, Yuxiang Wang, and Shengjie Li. 2017. RT-fall: A real-time and contactless fall detection system with commodity WiFi devices. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. 16, 2 (Feb. 2017), 511--526.

Digital Library

[93]

Ju Wang, Hongbo Jiang, Jie Xiong, Kyle Jamieson, Xiaojiang Chen, Dingyi Fang, and Binbin Xie. 2016. LiFS: Low human-effort, device-free localization with fine-grained subcarrier information. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’16). ACM, 243--256.

Digital Library

[94]

Jie Wang, Liming Zhang, Qinghua Gao, Miao Pan, and Hongyu Wang. 2018. Device-free wireless sensing in complex scenarios using spatial structural information. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 17, 4 (Apr. 2018), 2432--2442.

[95]

Pei Wang, Bin Guo, Tong Xin, Zhu Wang, and Zhiwen Yu. 2017. TinySense: Multi-user respiration detection using Wi-Fi CSI signals. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom’17). 1--6.

[96]

Wei Wang, Yingjie Chen, and Qian Zhang. 2016. Privacy-preserving location authentication in Wi-Fi networks using fine-grained physical layer signatures. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 15, 2 (Feb. 2016), 1218--1225.

Digital Library

[97]

Wei Wang, Alex X. Liu, and Muhammad Shahzad. 2016. Gait recognition using WiFi signals. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp’16). 363--373.

Digital Library

[98]

Wei Wang, Alex X. Liu, Muhammad Shahzad, Kang Ling, and Sanglu Lu. 2015. Understanding and modeling of WiFi signal based human activity recognition. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’15). ACM, 65--76.

Digital Library

[99]

Wei Wang, Alex X. Liu, Muhammad Shahzad, Kang Ling, and Sanglu Lu. 2017. Device-free human activity recognition using commercial WiFi devices. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 35, 5 (May 2017), 1118--1131.

Digital Library

[100]

Xuyu Wang, Chao Yang, and Shiwen Mao. 2017. PhaseBeat: Exploiting CSI phase data for vital sign monitoring with commodity WiFi devices. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS’17). 1230--1239.

[101]

Xuyu Wang, Chao Yang, and Shiwen Mao. 2017. TensorBeat: Tensor decomposition for monitoring multi-person breathing beats with commodity WiFi. (2017). arXiv:1702.02046.

[102]

Yi Wang, Xinli Jiang, Rongyu Cao, and Xiyang Wang. 2015. Robust indoor human activity recognition using wireless signals. Sensors 15, 7 (2015), 17195--17208.

[103]

Yan Wang, Jian Liu, Yingying Chen, Marco Gruteser, Jie Yang, and Hongbo Liu. 2014. E-eyes: Device-free location-oriented activity identification using fine-grained WiFi signatures. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’14). ACM, 617--628.

Digital Library

[104]

Yan Wang, Jie Yang, Yingying Chen, Hongbo Liu, Marco Gruteser, and Richard P. Martin. 2014. Tracking human queues using single-point signal monitoring. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys’14). ACM, 42--54.

[105]

Yan Wang, Jie Yang, Hongbo Liu, Yingying Chen, Marco Gruteser, and Richard P. Martin. 2013. Measuring human queues using WiFi signals. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing 8 Networking (MobiCom’13). ACM, 235--238.

[106]

Zhu Wang, Bin Guo, Zhiwen Yu, and Xingshe Zhou. 2017. Wi-Fi CSI based behavior recognition: From signals, actions to activities. (2017). arXiv:1712.00146.

[107]

Bo Wei, Wen Hu, Mingrui Yang, and Chun Tung Chou. 2015. Radio-based device-free activity recognition with radio frequency interference. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN’15). 154--165.

Digital Library

[108]

Teng Wei, Shu Wang, Anfu Zhou, and Xinyu Zhang. 2015. Acoustic eavesdropping through wireless vibrometry. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’15). ACM, 130--141.

Digital Library

[109]

Teng Wei and Xinyu Zhang. 2015. mTrack: High-precision passive tracking using millimeter wave radios. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’15). 117--129.

Digital Library

[110]

Eric Wengrowski. 2014. A Survey on Device-free Passive Localization and Gesture Recognition via Body Wave Reflections. Technical Report.

[111]

Myounggyu Won, Shaohu Zhang, and Sang H. Son. 2017. WiTraffic: Low-cost and non-intrusive traffic monitoring system using WiFi. In Proceedings of the 2017 26th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN’17). 1--9.

[112]

Chenshu Wu, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Xuefeng Liu, Yunhao Liu, and Jiannong Cao. 2015. Non-invasive detection of moving and stationary human with WiFi. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 33, 11 (Nov. 2015), 2329--2342.

Digital Library

[113]

Chenshu Wu, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Kun Qian, Yunhao Liu, and Mingyan Liu. 2015. PhaseU: Real-time LOS identification with WiFi. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’15). 2038--2046.

[114]

Dan Wu, Daqing Zhang, Chenren Xu, Hao Wang, and Xiang Li. 2017. Device-free WiFi human sensing: From pattern-based to model-based approaches. IEEE Commun. Mag. 55, 10 (Oct. 2017), 91--97.

[115]

Dan Wu, Daqing Zhang, Chenren Xu, Yasha Wang, and Hao Wang. 2016. WiDir: Walking direction estimation using wireless signals. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp’16). 351--362.

Digital Library

[116]

Kaishun Wu. 2016. Wi-metal: Detecting metal by using wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC’16). 1--6.

[117]

Wei Xi, Dong Huang, Kun Zhao, Yubo Yan, Yuanhang Cai, Rong Ma, and Deng Chen. 2015. Device-free human activity recognition using CSI. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Context Sensing and Activity Recognition (CSAR’15). ACM, 31--36.

Digital Library

[118]

Wei Xi, Chen Qian, Jinsong Han, Kun Zhao, Sheng Zhong, Xiang-Yang Li, and Jizhong Zhao. 2016. Instant and robust authentication and key agreement among mobile devices. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS’16). 616--627.

Digital Library

[119]

Wei Xi, Jizhong Zhao, Xiang-Yang Li, Kun Zhao, Shaojie Tang, Xue Liu, and Zhiping Jiang. 2014. Electronic frog eye: Counting crowd using WiFi. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’14). 361--369.

[120]

Fu Xiao, Jing Chen, Xiao Hui Xie, Linqing Gui, Juan Li Sun, and Wang Ruchuan. 2018. SEARE: A system for exercise activity recognition and quality evaluation based on green sensing. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. (Early Access) (2018).

[121]

Fu Xiao, Xiaohui Xie, Hai Zhu, Lijuan Sun, and Ruchuan Wang. 2015. Invisible cloak fails: CSI-based passive human detection. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Context Sensing and Activity Recognition (CSAR’15). ACM, 19--23.

Digital Library

[122]

Jiang Xiao, Zimu Zhou, Youwen Yi, and Lionel M. Ni. 2016. A survey on wireless indoor localization from the device perspective. ACM Comput. Surv. 49, 2, Article 25 (Jun. 2016), 31 pages.

Digital Library

[123]

Yaxiong Xie, Zhenjiang Li, and Mo Li. 2015. Precise power delay profiling with commodity WiFi. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’15). ACM, 53--64.

Digital Library

[124]

Tong Xin, Bin Guo, Zhu Wang, Mingyang Li, and Zhiwen Yu. 2016. FreeSense: Indoor human identification with WiFi signals. (2016). arXiv:1608.03430.

[125]

Jie Xiong and Kyle Jamieson. 2013. SecureArray: Improving WiFi security with fine-grained physical-layer information. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing 8 Networking (MobiCom’13). ACM, 441--452.

Digital Library

[126]

Yang Xu, Wei Yang, Jianxin Wang, Xing Zhou, Hong Li, and Liusheng Huang. 2018. WiStep: Device-free step counting with WiFi signals. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wear. Ubiq. Technol. 1, 4, Article 172 (Jan. 2018), 23 pages.

Digital Library

[127]

Hao Yang, Licai Zhu, and Weipeng Lv. 2017. A HCI motion recognition system based on channel state information with fine granularity. In Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 780--790.

[128]

Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, and Yunhao Liu. 2013. From RSSI to CSI: Indoor localization via channel response. ACM Comput. Surv. 46, 2, Article 25 (Dec. 2013), 32 pages.

Digital Library

[129]

Siamak Yousefi, Hirokazu Narui, Sankalp Dayal, Stefano Ermon, and Shahrokh Valaee. 2017. A survey on behavior recognition using WiFi channel state information. IEEE Commun. Mag. 55, 10 (Oct. 2017), 98--104.

[130]

Nan Yu, Wei Wang, Alex X. Liu, and Lingtao Kong. 2018. QGesture: Quantifying gesture distance and direction with WiFi signals. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wear. Ubiq. Technol. 2, 1, Article 51 (Mar. 2018), 23 pages.

Digital Library

[131]

Sangki Yun, Yi-Chao Chen, and Lili Qiu. 2015. Turning a mobile device into a mouse in the air. In Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys’15). ACM, 15--29.

Digital Library

[132]

Yunze Zeng, Parth H. Pathak, and Prasant Mohapatra. 2015. Analyzing shopper’s behavior through WiFi signals. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Workshop on Physical Analytics (WPA’15). ACM, 13--18.

Digital Library

[133]

Yunze Zeng, Parth H. Pathak, and Prasant Mohapatra. 2016. WiWho: WiFi-based person identification in smart spaces. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN’16). IEEE Press, Article 4, 12 pages. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2959355.2959359.

[134]

Yunze Zeng, Parth H. Pathak, Chao Xu, and Prasant Mohapatra. 2014. Your AP knows how you move: Fine-grained device motion recognition through WiFi. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Wireless (HotWireless’14). 49--54.

Digital Library

[135]

Daqing Zhang, Hao Wang, Yasha Wang, and Junyi Ma. 2015. Anti-fall: A non-intrusive and real-time fall detector leveraging CSI from commodity WiFi devices. In Inclusive Smart Cities and e-Health. Springer International Publishing, 181--193.

[136]

Daqing Zhang, Hao Wang, and Dan Wu. 2017. Toward centimeter-scale human activity sensing with Wi-Fi signals. Computer 50, 1 (Jan. 2017), 48--57.

[137]

Feng Zhang, Chen Chen, Beibei Wang, and K. J. Ray Liu. 2018. WiSpeed: A statistical electromagnetic approach for device-free indoor speed estimation. IEEE IoT J. 5, 3 (2018), 2163--2177.

[138]

Fusang Zhang, Daqing Zhang, Jie Xiong, Hao Wang, Kai Niu, Beihong Jin, and Yuxiang Wang. 2018. From fresnel diffraction model to fine-grained human respiration sensing with commodity Wi-Fi devices. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wear. Ubiq. Technol. 2, 1, Article 53 (Mar. 2018), 23 pages.

Digital Library

[139]

Jin Zhang, Bo Wei, Wen Hu, Salii S. Kanhere, and Ariel Tan. 2016. Human identification using WiFi signal. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PerCom Workshops’16). 1--2.

[140]

Ouyang Zhang and Kannan Srinivasan. 2016. Mudra: User-friendly fine-grained gesture recognition using WiFi signals. In Proceedings of the 12th International on Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT’16). 83--96.

Digital Library

[141]

Xiang Zhang, Rukhsana Ruby, Jinfeng Long, Lu Wang, Zhong Ming, and Kaishun Wu. 2017. WiHumidity: A novel CSI-based humidity measurement system. In Smart Computing and Communication. Springer International Publishing, 537--547.

[142]

Xiaolong Zheng, Jiliang Wang, Longfei Shangguan, Zimu Zhou, and Yunhao Liu. 2016. Smokey: Ubiquitous smoking detection with commercial WiFi infrastructures. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’16). 1--9.

Digital Library

[143]

Xiaolong Zheng, Jiliang Wang, Longfei Shangguan, Zimu Zhou, and Yunhao Liu. 2017. Design and implementation of a CSI-based Ubiquitous smoking detection system. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 25, 6 (Dec. 2017), 3781--3793.

Digital Library

[144]

Mengyu Zhou, Dan Pei, Kaixin Sui, and Thomas Moscibroda. 2017. Mining crowd mobility and WiFi hotspots on a densely-populated campus. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (UbiComp/ISWC’17 Adjunct). 427--431.

Digital Library

[145]

Mengyu Zhou, Kaixin Sui, Minghua Ma, Youjian Zhao, Dan Pei, and Thomas Moscibroda. 2016. MobiCamp: A campus-wide testbed for studying mobile physical activities. In Proceedings of the 3rd International on Workshop on Physical Analytics (WPA’16). ACM, 1--6.

Digital Library

[146]

Qizhen Zhou, Chenshu Wu, Jianchun Xing, Juelong Li, Zheng Yang, and Qiliang Yang. 2017. Wi-dog: Monitoring school violence with commodity WiFi devices. In Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 47--59.

[147]

Qizhen Zhou, Jianchun Xing, Juelong Li, and Qiliang Yang. 2016. A device-free number gesture recognition approach based on deep learning. In Proceedings of the 2016 12th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS’16). 57--63.

[148]

Rui Zhou, Xiang Lu, Pengbiao Zhao, and Jiesong Chen. 2017. Device-free presence detection and localization with SVM and CSI fingerprinting. IEEE Sens. J. 17, 23 (Dec. 2017), 7990--7999.

[149]

Zimu Zhou, Zheng Yang, Chenshu Wu, Longfei Shangguan, and Yunhao Liu. 2014. Omnidirectional coverage for device-free passive human detection. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 25, 7 (Jul. 2014), 1819--1829.

Digital Library

[150]

Zimu Zhou, Zheng Yang, Chenshu Wu, Wei Sun, and Yunhao Liu. 2014. LiFi: Line-of-sight identification with WiFi. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’14). 2688--2696.

[151]

Dali Zhu, Na Pang, Gang Li, and Shaowu Liu. 2017. NotiFi: A Ubiquitous WiFi-based abnormal activity detection system. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN’17). 1766--1773.

[152]

Hai Zhu, Fu Xiao, Lijuan Sun, Ruchuan Wang, and Panlong Yang. 2017. R-TTWD: Robust device-free through-the-wall detection of moving human with WiFi. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 35, 5 (May 2017), 1090--1103.

Digital Library

[153]

Yanzi Zhu, Yuanshun Yao, Ben Y. Zhao, and Haitao Zheng. 2017. Object recognition and navigation using a single networking device. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys’17). ACM, 265--277.

Digital Library

[154]

Yanzi Zhu, Yibo Zhu, Ben Y. Zhao, and Haitao Zheng. 2015. Reusing 60GHz radios for mobile radar imaging. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’15). ACM, 103--116.

Digital Library

[155]

Maede Zolanvari. 2016. Emerging MIMO Technologies: Distributed, Cooperative, Massive, 3D, and Full Dimension MIMO. Retrieved on May 28, 2018 from https://www.cse.wustl.edu/jain/cse574-16/ftp/mimo/index.html.

[156]

Yongpan Zou, Weifeng Liu, Kaishun Wu, and Lionel M. Ni. 2017. Wi-Fi radar: Recognizing human behavior with commodity Wi-Fi. IEEE Commun. Mag. 55, 10 (Oct. 2017), 105--111.

[157]

Yongpan Zou, Yuxi Wang, Shufeng Ye, Kaishun Wu, and Lionel M. Ni. 2017. TagFree: Passive object differentiation via physical layer radiometric signatures. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom’17). 237--246.

Cited By

Lee C(2024)The relationship between foot traffic and commercial land pricesGeografie10.37040/geografie.2024.005129:1(1-13)Online publication date: 26-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie.2024.005
Morano GSimončič AKocevska TJavornik THrovat A(2024)Distance- and Angle-Based Hybrid Localization Integrated in the IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH Communication ProtocolSensors10.3390/s2412392524:12(3925)Online publication date: 17-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123925
Sun JBian XLi M(2024)Non-Contact Heart Rate Monitoring Method Based on Wi-Fi CSI SignalSensors10.3390/s2407211124:7(2111)Online publication date: 26-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072111
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

WiFi Sensing with Channel State Information: A Survey

Recommendations

Exploring Multiple Antennas for Long-range WiFi Sensing

Despite extensive research effort on contactless WiFi sensing over the past few years, there are still significant barriers hindering its wide application. One key issue is the limited sensing range due to the intrinsic nature of employing the weak ...
Cross-Domain WiFi Sensing with Channel State Information: A Survey
The past years have witnessed the rapid conceptualization and development of wireless sensing based on Channel State Information (CSI) with commodity WiFi devices. Recent studies have demonstrated the vast potential of WiFi sensing in detection, ...
Enabling WiFi Sensing on New-generation WiFi Cards

The last few years have witnessed the rapid development of WiFi sensing with a large spectrum of applications enabled. However, existing works mainly leverage the obsolete 802.11n WiFi cards (i.e., Intel 5300 and Atheros AR9k series cards) for sensing. ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Computing Surveys

ACM Computing Surveys Volume 52, Issue 3

May 2020

734 pages

ISSN:0360-0300

EISSN:1557-7341

DOI:10.1145/3341324

Editor:
Sartaj Sahni
Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2019 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 18 June 2019

Accepted: 01 January 2019

Revised: 01 January 2019

Received: 01 June 2018

Published in CSUR Volume 52, Issue 3

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Survey
Research
Refereed

Funding Sources

U.S. National Science Foundation

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

467
Total Citations
View Citations
8,343
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)1,928
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)173

Reflects downloads up to 15 Aug 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Lee C(2024)The relationship between foot traffic and commercial land pricesGeografie10.37040/geografie.2024.005129:1(1-13)Online publication date: 26-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie.2024.005
Morano GSimončič AKocevska TJavornik THrovat A(2024)Distance- and Angle-Based Hybrid Localization Integrated in the IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH Communication ProtocolSensors10.3390/s2412392524:12(3925)Online publication date: 17-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123925
Sun JBian XLi M(2024)Non-Contact Heart Rate Monitoring Method Based on Wi-Fi CSI SignalSensors10.3390/s2407211124:7(2111)Online publication date: 26-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072111
Chen MZhang LLiu YZhang YLiu CChen M(2024)Ship Bridge OOW Activity Status Detection Using Wi-Fi Beamforming Feedback InformationJournal of Marine Science and Engineering10.3390/jmse1206087212:6(872)Online publication date: 24-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060872
Sharma ALi JMishra DJha SSeneviratne A(2024)Towards Energy Efficient Wireless Sensing by Leveraging Ambient Wi-Fi TrafficEnergies10.3390/en1702048517:2(485)Online publication date: 19-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020485
Dang XFan KLi FTang YGao YWang Y(2024)Multi-Person Action Recognition Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar Point CloudApplied Sciences10.3390/app1416725314:16(7253)Online publication date: 17-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167253
Burimas RHoranont TThapa ALamichhane B(2024)Monitoring the Sleep Respiratory Rate with Low-Cost Microcontroller Wi-Fi in a Controlled EnvironmentApplied Sciences10.3390/app1415645814:15(6458)Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156458
Keerativoranan NWang YTakada J(2024)Utilization of Wi-Fi Signal for Validation of Micro-Doppler Model in a Person Falling Scenario2024 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)10.23919/EuCAP60739.2024.10501329(1-5)Online publication date: 17-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP60739.2024.10501329
Turetta CKindt PMasrur AChakraborty SPravadelli GDemrozi F(2024)Environmental Microchanges in WiFi Sensing2024 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)10.23919/DATE58400.2024.10546544(1-2)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE58400.2024.10546544
Sharma NGrotenhuijs KGemert-Pijnen JOinas-Kukkonen HBraakman-Jansen L(2024)Low-Fidelity Prototype of a Sensor-Dependent Interaction Platform: Formative Evaluation With Informal Caregivers of Older Adults With Cognitive ImpairmentJMIR Formative Research10.2196/534028(e53402)Online publication date: 22-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.2196/53402
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents