Teologia cristã

A teologia cristã se preocupa com o discurso fundamentado sobre Deus articulado pela exegese da Bíblia (teologia revelada) e através de investigações científicas ou filosóficas na natureza (teologia natural). Um elemento de contraste está em jogo com a teologia revelada e natural, mas a contradição é um elemento que é inexistente de forma que um caso coerente para o teísmo cristão e as alegações de verdade que o acompanham podem ser apresentadas. A Teologia adequada não é particular, mas sim o discurso intelectual sobre a natureza e as características ou atributos do divino, seja um deus (monoteísmo) ou muitos deuses (politeísmo). A palavra em português teologia é derivada da palavra grega theologia (θεολογία), theos (θεός) significando deus e logos (λόγος) significando raciocínio ou lógica.

História

Antiga

Paulo ensina teologia natural dentro de Romanos 1. Devido a teologia natural que está sendo ensinada por Paulo se encontrar dentro de um texto autorizado a partir do qual a teologia revelada ganharia seu entendimento, pode ser interpretado que ambos são aceitáveis na formação de teologia cristã modo que a razão pode ser encontrada dentro da fé.

18 Porque do céu se manifesta a ira de Deus sobre toda impiedade e injustiça dos homens que detêm a verdade em injustiça; 19 porquanto o que de Deus se pode conhecer neles se manifesta, porque Deus lho manifestou. 20 Porque as suas coisas invisíveis, desde a criação do mundo, tanto o seu eterno poder como a sua divindade, se entendem e claramente se veem pelas coisas que estão criadas, para que eles fiquem inescusáveis; 21 porquanto, tendo conhecido a Deus, não o glorificaram como Deus, nem lhe deram graças; antes, em seus discursos se desvaneceram, e o seu coração insensato se obscureceu. 22 Dizendo-se sábios, tornaram-se loucos. 23 E mudaram a glória do Deus incorruptível em semelhança da imagem de homem corruptível, e de aves, e de quadrúpedes, e de répteis. Romanos 1:18-23

Augustine of Hippo (Born::November 13, 354–Died::August 28, 430) was a substantial Christian apologist in ecclesiastical history. He defined the Latin equivalent of theologia within his monumental work titled City of God in this regard;

“

For I have not in this work undertaken to refute all the vain opinions of the philosophers, but only such as pertain to theology, which Greek word we understand to mean an account or explanation of the divine nature.

”

Moderna

Within the modern history of Christian theology there have been and continue to be numerous challenges, but atheism in public discourse and debate is seemingly the new trend. Atheism essentially maintains a militant antagonist relationship with Christian theology whenever the discussion and ideas are presented. Darwinian evolution and especially theistic evolution is taking on more credibility in the secular academic setting. Whole campaigns of misinformation have also begun by major institutions and names like Richard Dawkins to essentially misrepresent the stances of both Intelligent Design and Creationism. The New Atheists as they are called have set the tone that media and establishment types continue, that denies separating and drawing conclusions properly from different realms of epistemology (either revealed or natural theology). Many fail to ever grasp the distinction and then go about labeling inferences of natural theology like Intelligent Design as merely a dressed up form of revealed theology (creationism).

Teologia revelada

Revealed theology can also be called biblical theology and is Christian theology founded in the Bible by presupposing its authority. Under a historical-critical exegesis underpinned by a systematic methodology verses are found throughout the Old Testament and New Testament of the Bible that contain similar and consistent teachings about the nature of God and His revelation to humanity. Jesus Christ is the central figure that guides revealed theology within Christianity by presupposing His life, death and resurrection as the fulfillment of prophecy. It is in this light that exegesis proceeds and allows the practice of sound hermeneutics.

Teologia natural

Natural theology is a realm of Christian theology that expounds on beliefs about the nature of God by nature through excluding divine revelation in holy scriptures as authoritative for theology. Appeal to the authoritative truth from the Bible is called revealed Christian theology and it forms theological doctrines about the nature of God on completely different sets of criteria. This is achieved by exegesis of verses found in the Old Testament and New Testament and deep investigations into the background of the authors. Alternatively natural theology bases itself within the realm of science and philosophy. The natural world is given epistemological authority as a way to know theology. The assumption is that the human mind is rational and able to know and understand nature, but because nature has been created by a rational creator. Philosophical argumentation and scientific evidences are the means by which natural theology is articulated and systematized. Not to falsify specific theories as such but to probe the nature of nature. To show logically that inference to transcendent cause over matter is the necessary being God.

Teologia Cristã liberal

Liberal Christianity, liberal Christian theology or just liberal theology are the terms used to articulate and define assumptions of eisegesis that have been historically inherited by celebrating mans reason alone as the sole authority. Embraced during The Age of Enlightenment or what is also called the Age of Reason, during the 18th and 19th century, a time when the superior view of mans reason encroached into everyday life welcomed with broad adoption of its philosophical principles lifting man up to a point which he was ultimate. Inevitably introduced into all realms of life including religious, enlightenment radically changed cultural, social and political milieus that ran counter to the reason of man. Thus governments adopted a secular mindset that pushed further into religious institutions and faith based organizations, attaching separate political institutions with overarching roles that allow co-mingling of values and ideals.

Liberal theology practices an entirely different set of philosophical axioms to inform its religious movement and attempts to reinterpret established doctrines of Christianity.

Teólogos notáveis

• Agostinho de Hipona
• John Wyclif
• Martinho Lutero
• Tomás de Aquino
• Luis de Molina
• Geerhardus Vos
• Johann Philipp Gabler
• Ethelbert Bullinger
• Gerhard Ebeling
• Emil Schurer
• Marvin Lubenow
• John MacArthur
• J. Dwight Pentecost
• Charles C. Ryrie
• Jobe Martin
• Paul Nelson
• William Lane Craig
• Jay Richards
• Robert Russell
• Heinrich Julius Holtzmann
• Johannes Weiss

Ver também

• Ontologia
• Epistemologia
• Axiologia